 | |
| Use | National flag and ensign  |
|---|---|
| Proportion | 2:3 |
| Adopted | 21 August 1823 [1] (modified in 1824) |
| Relinquished | 1839 |
| Design | A blue and white horizontal triband with the coat of arms of Central America in the center |
Central America was a unified nation at several points throughout its history, and while united, the country has used several national flags. The design of the Central American flag, a blue and white horizontal triband, was inspired by the flag of Argentina. [2] [3]
| Flag | Adopted | Relinquished | Entity |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 1609 | 1701 | Captaincy General of Guatemala (Spain) |
 | 1701 | 1760 | |
 | 1760 | 1785 | |
 | 1785 | 15 September 1821 | |
 | 5 January 1822 | 1 July 1823 | Captaincy General of Guatemala (Mexico) |
 | 21 August 1823 | 1824 | United Provinces of Central America |
 | 1824 | 1839 | Federal Republic of Central America |
 | 1 November 1898 | 29 November 1898 | Greater Republic of Central America |
 | 13 December 1991 | present | Central American Integration System |
The Federal Republic of Central America, initially known as the United Provinces of Central America, was a sovereign state in Central America which existed from 1823 to 1839/1841. The Federal Republic of Central America was composed of five states: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, as well as a Federal District from 1835 to 1839. Guatemala City was the federal republic's capital city until 1834 when the seat of the federal government was relocated to San Salvador. The Federal Republic of Central America was bordered to the north by Mexico, to the south by Gran Colombia, and on its eastern coastline by the Mosquito Coast and British Honduras.
The national flag of the Argentine Republic, often referred to as the Argentine flag, is a triband, composed of three equally wide horizontal bands coloured light blue and white. There are multiple interpretations on the reasons for those colors. The flag was created by Manuel Belgrano, in line with the creation of the Cockade of Argentina, and was first raised at the city of Rosario on February 27, 1812, during the Argentine War of Independence. The National Flag Memorial was later built on the site. The First Triumvirate did not approve the use of the flag, but the Asamblea del Año XIII allowed the use of the flag as a war flag. It was the Congress of Tucumán which finally designated it as the national flag, in 1816. A yellow Sun of May was added to the center in 1818.
The flag of Honduras consists of three equal horizontal stripes of cyan, white and cyan, with five cyan stars in a quincuncial pattern at the centre of the middle stripe. The two outer bands represent the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, and also represent the blue sky and brotherhood. The inner band represents the land between the ocean and the sea, the peace and prosperity of its people, and purity of thoughts. The five stars represent the five nations of the former Federal Republic of Central America and the hope that the nations may form a union again.
The president of El Salvador, officially titled President of the Republic of El Salvador, is the head of state and head of government of El Salvador. He is also, by constitutional law, the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of El Salvador. The office was created in the Constitution of 1841. From 1821 until 1841, the head of state of El Salvador was styled simply as Head of State.
Hippolyte or Hipólito Bouchard was a French-born Argentine sailor and corsair who fought for Argentina, Chile, and Peru.
José Matías Delgado y de León was a Salvadoran priest and doctor known as El Padre de la Patria Salvadoreña.
Pedro Ortiz de la Barriere Castro was a Spanish politician, military officer, and lawyer who served as the colonial intendant of the Intendancy of San Salvador from 1819 until 1821. He also served the first head of state of the Province of San Salvador after the signing of the Act of Independence of Central America from September to November 1821. He was killed in action at the Battle of Milingo during the First Central American Civil War.
The 1811 Independence Movement, known in El Salvador as the First Shout of Independence, was the first of a series of revolts in Central America in modern-day El Salvador against Spanish rule and dependency on the Captaincy General of Guatemala. The independence movement was led by prominent Salvadoran and Central American figures such as José Matías Delgado, Manuel José Arce, and Santiago José Celis.
The National Order of José Matías Delgado is a distinction granted by the Republic of El Salvador to Heads of State, Salvadoran citizens, or foreigners who are distinguished by eminent services to the country through extraordinary civil virtues which are humanitarian, scientific, literary, artistic, political, or military. The President of El Salvador is the Grand Master of the Order.
The flag of Puerto Rico, officially known as the flag of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, represents Puerto Rico and its people. It consists of five equal horizontal stripes, alternating from red to white, with a blue equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bearing a large, sharp, upright, five-pointed white star in the center. The white star stands for the island, the three sides of the triangle for the three branches of the government, the blue for the sky and coastal waters, the red for the blood shed by warriors, and the white for liberty, victory, and peace. The flag is popularly known as the Monoestrellada (Monostarred), meaning having one star, a single star, or a lone star. It is in the Stars and Stripes flag family.
The Colonial Intendant of San Salvador was a political position created in 1786 to govern the Intendancy of San Salvador, modern-day El Salvador, that was a part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, which itself was a part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, a Spanish colony. The position was abolished on 21 September 1821 with the independence of Central America.
The Intendancy of San Salvador was an administrative division of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, itself an administrative division of the Viceroyalty of New Spain which was a part of the Spanish Empire.
Antonio Basilio Gutiérrez y Ulloa was a Spanish politician and bureaucrat. He held various offices in Spain, San Salvador, New Spain, and Mexico. His most notable political office was being the Colonial Intendant of the Intendancy of San Salvador from 1805 until he was deposed in the 1811 Independence Movement. Unlike other Spanish colonial administrators, Gutiérrez y Ulloa held no military background.
The Mayor of San Salvador is the head of the municipal government of the city of San Salvador, the capital city of El Salvador.
José Alejandro de Aycinena y Carrillo was a Spanish military officer and politician who served as the Colonial Intendant of the Intendancy of San Salvador from 1811 to 1812.
From January 1822 to July 1823, the Captaincy General of Guatemala, a former Spanish colony, was controlled by the First Mexican Empire, and briefly, the Supreme Executive Power—the provisional government that succeeded Mexican imperial rule. The captaincy general consisted of the provinces of Chiapas, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua—the six southernmost provinces of the Mexican Empire. The incorporation of Central America brought Mexico to the height of its territorial extent.
The Consultive Junta was the government of Central America from its declaration of independence from the Spanish Empire on 15 September 1821 until its dissolution on 21 February 1822. The junta was led by Guatemalan General Gabino Gaínza.
The constitution of the Federal Republic of Central America was the governing document of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1824 to 1839. It was inspired by both the United States Declaration of Independence and the Spanish Constitution of 1812
The Battle of San Salvador was a confrontation that occurred on February 9, 1823, between the Mexican forces led by General Vicente Filisola and the Salvadoran forces led by Manuel José de Arce.
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