Central Michigan Normalites football, 1896–1909

Last updated

The Central Michigan Normalites football team (now known as the Central Michigan Chippewas) represented Central Michigan Normal School (now known as Central Michigan University) of Mount Pleasant, Michigan, in American football, beginning in 1896. Highlights of the school's early years of intercollegiate football include the following:

Contents

1896

1896 Central Michigan Normalites football
ConferenceIndependent
Record3–1
Head coach
Seasons
1897  
1896 Midwestern college football independents records
Conf.Overall
TeamW L TW L T
Carthage   4 0 0
St. Ignatius College Chicago   1 0 0
Washburn   6 1 1
Iowa Agricultural   8 2 0
Central Michigan   3 1 0
Miami (OH)   3 1 0
Ohio Wesleyan   6 2 0
Detroit College   5 2 0
North Dakota Agricultural   3 1 1
Heidelberg   2 1 0
Ohio   4 2 1
Indiana   5 3 0
Beloit   2 1 3
Missouri   7 5 0
Butler   4 3 0
Iowa State Normal   4 3 0
Notre Dame   4 3 0
Cincinnati   4 3 1
Wittenberg   5 4 0
Baldwin–Wallace   2 2 0
College of Emporia   2 3 0
Ohio State   5 5 1
Lake Forest   3 4 1
Mount Union   3 4 1
Wabash   3 4 0
Drake   2 3 0
Chicago P&S   2 4 2
Hillsdale   2 4 0
Kansas State   0 1 1
Indiana State Normal   0 1 0
Buchtel   0 1 0
Washington University   0 2 0
Doane   0 5 0
Haskell   0 5 0

The 1896 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1896 college football season. Central Michigan was founded in 1892 and fielded its first varsity football team in 1896. Under head coach Pete McCormick, the first Central Michigan football team compiled a 3–1 record and outscored their four opponents by a combined total of 62 to 22. All four games were played against high school teams. [1] On October 31, 1896, the Central Michigan football team lost to Alma High School, 14–5, in a game played in Mount Pleasant. [2] On November 21, 1896, Central Michigan defeated Bay City High School by a 14–4 score at Mt. Pleasant. [2] [3]

Schedule

DateOpponentSiteResult
October 31 Alma High School Mount Pleasant, MI L 5–14
November 21Bay City High SchoolMount Pleasant, MIW 14–4
Saginaw Arthur Hill High SchoolW 35–0
Alma High School W 8–4

1897

1897 Central Michigan Normalites football
ConferenceIndependent
Record2–1
Head coach
Seasons
  1896
1898  
1897 Midwestern college football independents records
Conf.Overall
TeamW L TW L T
Butler   3 0 0
Fairmount   1 0 0
Washburn   7 1 0
Cincinnati   9 1 1
Iowa State Normal   5 1 0
Ohio Wesleyan   7 1 1
Indiana   6 1 1
Ohio   7 2 0
Carthage   3 1 0
Iowa Agricultural   3 1 0
Notre Dame   4 1 1
Central Michigan   2 1 0
Baldwin–Wallace   2 1 1
Chicago Dental Infirmary   2 2 1
Missouri   5 6 0
Lake Forest   4 5 1
Drake   2 3 0
Heidelberg   2 3 0
Detroit College   1 2 0
Indiana Normal   1 4 0
Kansas State   1 2 1
Mount Union   2 4 1
Rush Medical College   1 4 1
DePauw   2 6 0
Wittenberg   2 6 0
Haskell   1 4 0
Indiana State Normal   1 4 0
Ohio State   1 7 1
Lincoln (MO)   0 1 0
South Dakota Agricultural   0 1 0
Washington University   0 2 0
North Dakota Agricultural   0 3 0

The 1897 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1897 college football season. Under head coach Carl Pray, the Normalites compiled a 2–1 record, and were outscored 16 to 18 by their opponents. The most important benchmark during the 1898 season was the program's first game against a collegiate opponent, a 18–0 loss to Alma. [4]

Schedule

OpponentSiteResult
Alma Mount Pleasant, MI L 0–18
Bay City High SchoolW 10–0
Ithaca High SchoolW 6–0

1898

1898 Central Michigan Normalites football
ConferenceIndependent
Record1–2
Head coach
Seasons
  1897
1899  
1898 Midwestern college football independents records
Conf.Overall
TeamW L TW L T
Washington University   6 0 0
Detroit College   5 0 0
Carthage   3 0 0
Lincoln (MO)   1 0 0
Iowa State Normal   4 0 1
Washburn   4 0 1
Kansas   7 1 0
Cincinnati   6 1 2
Indiana   4 1 2
Nebraska   8 3 0
Drake   4 2 0
Lake Forest   2 1 0
Notre Dame   4 2 0
Western Reserve   5 3 0
Butler   2 1 1
Heidelberg   4 3 0
Michigan Agricultural   4 3 0
Iowa State   3 2 0
Kansas State   1 1 2
Miami (OH)   1 1 0
South Dakota Agricultural   1 1 1
DePauw   3 4 2
Iowa   3 4 2
Ohio State   3 5 0
Baldwin–Wallace   2 4 0
Central Michigan   1 2 0
Indiana State Normal   1 2 0
North Dakota Agricultural   1 2 0
Wabash   2 5 1
Ohio Wesleyan   2 5 0
Ohio   1 3 0
Haskell   2 7 0
Missouri   1 4 1
Wittenberg   1 5 1
Fairmount   0 1 0
College of Emporia   0 2 0

The 1898 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1898 college football season. Under head coach Carl Pray, the Normalites compiled a 1–2 record, but outscored their opponents by a total of 37 to 32. [4]

Schedule

OpponentSiteResult
Alma L 0–27
Mount Pleasant Indian School W 35–0
Mount Pleasant High School L 2–5

1899

1899 Central Michigan Normalites football
ConferenceIndependent
Record3–2
Head coach
Seasons
  1898
1900  
1899 Midwestern college football independents records
Conf.Overall
TeamW L TW L T
Kansas   10 0 0
North Dakota   6 0 0
Detroit College   5 0 0
Lincoln (MO)   1 0 0
Ohio State   9 0 1
Iowa   8 0 1
Washington University   5 1 0
Missouri   9 2 0
Chicago P&S   4 1 0
Mount Union   5 1 1
Indiana   6 2 0
South Dakota Agricultural   3 1 0
Wabash   1 0 1
Cincinnati   5 2 0
Drake   5 2 0
Heidelberg   5 2 0
Buchtel   2 1 0
Doane   2 1 0
Northern Illinois State   1 0 2
Notre Dame   6 3 1
Central Michigan   3 2 0
Fairmount   2 1 2
Carthage   3 2 1
Western Reserve   5 4 0
Wittenberg   5 4 0
Iowa State   5 4 1
College of Emporia   1 1 1
Ohio   2 2 0
Rush Medical   3 3 1
Ohio Wesleyan   5 5 0
Haskell   4 5 0
Lake Forest   4 6 2
Kansas State   2 3 0
Iowa State Normal   1 3 2
Washburn   2 5 2
Butler   1 3 0
Miami (OH)   1 5 0
Nebraska   1 7 1
North Dakota Agricultural   0 1 0
Baldwin–Wallace   0 4 0

The 1899 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1899 college football season. Under head coach Carl Pray, the Normalites compiled a 3–2 record, and outscored their opponents by a total of 35 to 22. [4]

Schedule

OpponentSiteResult
Alma L 0–12
Saginaw All-StarsL 0–5
Cadillac High School W 12–0
St. Johns High School W 17–5
Ferris Institute W 6–0

1900

1900 Central Michigan Normalites football
ConferenceIndependent
Record1–0
Head coach
  • Unknown
Seasons
  1899
1902  
1900 Midwestern college football independents records
Conf.Overall
TeamW L TW L T
Central Michigan   1 0 0
Lake Forest   1 0 0
Haskell   9 1 0
North Dakota Agricultural   8 1 1
Ohio State   8 1 1
Nebraska   6 1 1
Beloit   7 1 2
Kirksville Osteopaths   7 2 1
Washburn   6 2 0
Wittenberg   5 2 1
Drake   6 3 0
Doane   2 1 0
Notre Dame   6 3 1
Fairmount   5 3 0
Detroit College   3 2 0
South Dakota Agricultural   3 2 0
Washington University   3 2 1
Carthage   4 3 0
Wabash   5 4 0
Lincoln (MO)   2 2 0
Missouri   4 4 1
Northern Illinois State   2 2 2
Iowa State Normal   3 4 1
Buchtel   2 3 1
Cincinnati   3 5 1
Ohio   2 4 1
Kansas State   2 4 0
Kansas   2 5 2
Ohio Wesleyan   2 5 2
Iowa State   2 5 1
Butler   0 1 3
Heidelberg   0 2 2
Chicago P&S   1 3 0
Mount Union   1 4 1
Miami (OH)   0 4 0

The 1900 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1900 college football season. They only played one game, a 20–5 win against Cadillac High School. [5] Their head coach was unknown.

Schedule

OpponentSiteResult
Cadillac High School W 20–5

1902

1902 Central Michigan Normalites football
ConferenceIndependent
Record4–0
Head coach
Seasons
  1900
1903  
1902 Midwestern college football independents records
Conf.Overall
TeamW L TW L T
Nebraska   9 0 0
South Dakota   9 0 0
North Dakota Agricultural   4 0 0
Central Michigan   4 0 0
Ohio Medical   9 1 0
Marquette   6 1 1
Knox   9 2 0
Northern Illinois State   5 1 1
Haskell   8 2 1
Notre Dame   6 2 1
Drake   5 2 1
Lincoln (MO)   2 1 0
Mount Union   6 3 0
Iowa State   6 3 1
Carthage   2 1 1
Cincinnati   4 2 2
Missouri   5 3 0
Miami (OH)   5 3 1
Kansas   6 4 0
South Dakota Agricultural   3 2 0
Fairmount   4 3 1
Detroit College   3 3 0
Lake Forest   4 4 1
Lincoln (MO)   1 1 0
Western Illinois   2 2 0
Wittenberg   3 4 2
Washburn   3 4 0
Doane   2 3 0
Heidelberg   3 5 1
Wabash   2 4 2
Buchtel   2 5 0
Washington University   2 6 1
Butler   1 3 0
Kansas State   2 6 0
Michigan State Normal   1 5 1
Iowa State Normal   1 6 1
Ohio   0 5 1

The 1902 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1902 college football season. [6] Their head coach was Charles Tambling. This was part of a ten-game win streak that started in 1902 and ended in 1904.

Schedule

DateOpponentSiteResult
Mario High SchoolW 10–0
McBain High SchoolW 51–0
November 1 Michigan State Normal Mount Pleasant, MI (rivalry)W 10–0
Ferris Institute Mount Pleasant, MIW 11–0

1903

1903 Central Michigan Normalites football
ConferenceIndependent
Record6–0
Head coach
Seasons
  1902
1905  
1903 Midwestern college football independents records
Conf.Overall
TeamW L TW L T
Nebraska   11 0 0
North Dakota   7 0 0
Central Michigan   6 0 0
Notre Dame   8 0 1
Iowa State   8 1 0
Marquette   7 1 0
Lake Forest   6 1 0
North Dakota Agricultural   5 1 0
Haskell   7 2 0
St. Xavier   7 2 0
Fairmount   6 2 0
Wabash   9 3 0
Wittenberg   5 2 1
Doane   2 1 0
Northern Illinois State   4 2 0
American Medical   6 3 0
Kansas   6 3 0
Drake   5 3 0
Kirksville Osteopaths   5 3 0
Iowa State Normal   4 3 1
Ohio Medical   5 4 0
Lincoln (MO)   1 1 0
Michigan State Normal   4 4 0
Washington University   4 4 2
Heidelberg   3 4 2
Kansas State   3 4 1
Detroit College   3 4 0
Shurtleff   2 4 1
Ohio   2 4 0
South Dakota Agricultural   1 2 0
Mount Union   2 5 1
DePauw   2 6 1
Miami (OH)   1 4 0
Missouri   1 7 1
Western Illinois   0 3 1
Cincinnati   1 8 0
Baldwin–Wallace   0 1 0
Buchtel   0 2 0
Butler   0 3 0
Chicago P&S   0 4 0

The 1903 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1903 college football season. [6] Their head coach was Charles Tambling. This was part of a ten–game win streak that started in 1902 and ended in 1905.

Schedule

OpponentSiteResult
Ferris Institute W 12–0
Alma W 23–5
Elsie GiantsW 15–0
Hillsdale W 7–6
Clare High SchoolW 6–0?
Mount Pleasant High SchoolW 6–0?

1905

1905 Central Michigan Normalites football
ConferenceIndependent
Record7–1
Head coach
Seasons
  1903
1907  
1905 Midwestern college football independents records
Conf.Overall
TeamW L TW L T
Lincoln (MO)   3 0 0
Detroit College   1 0 0
Kansas   10 1 0
Central Michigan   7 1 0
Doane   5 1 0
Nebraska   9 2 0
Saint Louis   7 2 0
Butler   7 2 1
Kansas State   6 2 0
Northern Illinois State   3 1 1
Carthage   4 2 0
Western Illinois   4 2 0
Iowa State   6 3 0
Washington University   7 3 2
Wittenberg   7 4 0
Heidelberg   6 4 0
Iowa State Normal   5 3 2
Cincinnati   5 3 0
Miami (OH)   4 3 0
Missouri   5 4 0
Notre Dame   5 4 0
Fairmount   5 4 1
Haskell   5 4 1
Lake Forest   6 5 0
Wabash   6 5 0
Drake   4 4 0
Michigan State Normal   4 4 0
Marquette   3 4 0
South Dakota State   2 3 0
Ohio   2 5 2
DePauw   3 6 0
Mount Union   2 6 0
North Dakota Agricultural   1 4 1
Baldwin–Wallace   0 1 0
Chicago P&S   0 1 0
St. Mary's (OH)   0 3 0

The 1905 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1905 college football season. Football returned to the school after having been discontinued for the 1904 season due to budgetary constraints. [7] Charles Tambling was the team's coach. [1] The team compiled a 7–1 record, including victories over Michigan State Normal, later renamed Eastern Michigan University (13–0), [8] the Elsie Giants (5–0), Ferris (35–2 and 10–0), and the Midland Athletic Club (51–0). [1] The team's only loss was suffered on November 4, 1904, by a 12–6 score against Alma College at Mount Pleasant, Michigan. [9]

Schedule

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
Elsie GiantsW 5–0
Ferris Institute W 35–2
Midland Athletic ClubW 51–0
November 4 Alma L 6–12
November 17 Michigan State Normal Mount Pleasant, MI (rivalry)W 13–0 [8]
Ferris InstituteW 10–0
Western StateW 6–0
Kalamazoo W

1907

1907 Central Michigan Normalites football
ConferenceIndependent
Record3–3
Head coach
Seasons
  1905
1908  
1907 Midwestern college football independents records
Conf.Overall
TeamW L TW L T
Marquette   6 0 0
North Dakota Agricultural   3 0 0
Lincoln (MO)   1 0 0
Notre Dame   6 0 1
Miami (OH)   6 1 0
Michigan   5 1 0
Mount Union   9 2 0
Fairmount   8 2 0
Iowa State   6 2 0
Lake Forest   4 1 1
South Dakota State   5 2 0
St. Vincent's (IL)   5 2 0
Wabash   5 2 0
Saint Louis   7 3 0
Western State Normal   4 2 1
Kansas State   5 3 0
Michigan State Normal   3 2 0
Wittenberg   5 4 0
Central Michigan   3 3 0
Drake   3 4 1
Ohio   3 4 1
Western Illinois   2 3 0
Franklin   3 5 1
Heidelberg   2 4 1
Butler   1 3 2
Carthage   2 5 0
Haskell   2 6 1
Chicago P&S   1 3 0
Detroit College   1 3 0
Northern Illinois State   1 4 1
Doane   1 5 0
St. Mary's (OH)   0 4 0
Baldwin–Wallace   0 6 0

The 1907 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1907 college football season. Football was reinstated after one year's absence, and Ralph Thacker, who had played fullback for Olivet College the prior year, was named coach of the football team. Bruce Stickles was selected as the team captain. [10] Although the Central Michigan football media guide reports that the 1907 football team compiled a 2–4 record, including a loss to Alma College, [1] the contemporaneous newspaper report on the Alma game reports it as a victory for Central by a 13 to 0 score. Accordingly, it appears that the correct record of the 1907 football team was 3–3.

Schedule

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
October 12at Ferris Institute Big Rapids, MI L 0–47
October 19 Western State Normal Mount Pleasant, MI (rivalry)L 0–27 [11]
October 30 Mt. Pleasant Indians W 13–11
November 2 Michigan School for the Deaf Mount Pleasant, MIW 6–5 [12]
November 16at Michigan State Normal Ypsilanti, MI(rivalry)L 38–0 [13]
November 22 Alma W 13–0 [14]

1908

1908 Central Michigan Normalites football
ConferenceIndependent
Record4–3
Head coach
Seasons
  1907
1909  
1908 Midwestern college football independents records
Conf.Overall
TeamW L TW L T
Kirksville Normal   8 0 0
Miami (OH)   7 0 0
Iowa State Normal   5 0 0
Lincoln (MO)   2 0 0
DePaul   7 0 1
St. Mary's (OH)   7 0 1
Butler   5 0 1
Ohio Northern   9 1 0
Fairmount   8 1 0
Notre Dame   8 1 0
Michigan Agricultural   6 0 2
Lake Forest   4 1 1
Saint Louis   6 2 2
Kansas State   6 2 0
Michigan   5 2 1
Marquette   4 2 1
St. Viator   5 3 0
Central Michigan   4 3 0
Mount Union   5 4 1
Doane   4 4 0
South Dakota State   3 3 1
Buchtel   3 4 0
Western State Normal   3 4 0
Western Illinois   2 3 1
Carthage   2 3 0
Haskell   3 5 1
Wittenberg   3 5 1
Ohio   3 5 0
North Dakota Agricultural   2 3 0
Cincinnati   1 4 1
Wabash   2 6 0
Northern Illinois State   1 5 1
Michigan State Normal   1 4 0
Heidelberg   1 6 0
Franklin   0 9 1
Baldwin–Wallace   0 2 0
Chicago P&S   0 4 0

The 1908 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1908 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Hugh Sutherland, the Central Michigan football team compiled a 4–3 record. [1]

Schedule

DateTimeOpponentSiteResultSource
October 17at Alma Alma, MI L 0–5 [15]
October 313:00 p.m.Alma Mount Pleasant, MI W 10–0 [16] [17]
November 7 Michigan State Normal Mount Pleasant, MI (rivalry)W 11–0 [18]
November 2110:00 a.m.at Western State Normal (MI)
L 5–11 [19] [20]
Elsie GiantsW
Hillsdale L
West Branch High SchoolW

1909

1909 Central Michigan Normalites football
ConferenceIndependent
Record4–3
Head coach
Seasons
  1908
1910  
1909 Midwestern college football independents records
Conf.Overall
TeamW L TW L T
Iowa State Normal   6 0 0
Notre Dame   7 0 1
Michigan Agricultural   8 1 0
Carthage   6 1 0
Michigan   6 1 0
Western State Normal   6 1 0
Mount Union   8 2 0
Lake Forest   5 1 1
Haskell   7 2 0
Detroit College   3 1 2
Butler   5 3 0
Central Michigan   4 3 0
St. Mary's (OH)   4 3 0
Cincinnati   4 3 1
Doane   3 2 3
Buchtel   4 4 0
Rose Poly   4 4 0
Marquette   2 2 1
North Dakota Agricultural   2 2 1
Wabash   3 4 1
Miami (OH)   3 4 0
Ohio   2 4 2
Saint Louis   3 5 0
Michigan State Normal   2 4 0
Western Illinois   1 2 0
Fairmount   2 5 1
Northern Illinois State   2 6 0
South Dakota State   1 3 0
Heidelberg   0 7 2

The 1909 Central Michigan Normalites football team represented Central Michigan Normal School, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1909 college football season. In their first season under head coachHarry Helmer, the Central Michigan football team compiled a 4–3 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 63 to 58. [1]

The team's roster included quarterback Wallace Coutant, halfbacks Emmet Houlihan and Earl McCarty, fullback Ford Bradish, ends Ralph Gilpin and Ollie Richards, guards William Ochs, Alexander Perkins, and Leo Going, tackles Rollie Moody and Floyd L. Livermore, end/fullback George Parkhill, and guard/tackle Harold Spross. [21]

Schedule

DateOpponentSiteResultSource
West Branch High SchoolW 23–0
October 16at Arthur Hill High School
W 8–5 [22]
October 23at Alma Alma, MI W 15–8 [23]
October 30 Michigan Agricultural reserves L 6–17
November 5at Michigan State Normal Ypsilanti, MI (rivalry)L 0–17 [24]
November 13 Ferris Institute W 11–0
November 19 Western State Normal Mount Pleasant, MI (rivalry)L 0–11 [25]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Central Michigan 2015 Football Media Guide" (PDF). Central Michigan University. 2015. pp. 100, 107. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 26, 2016. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
  2. 1 2 "Mt. Pleasant's Version". Detroit Free Press. November 25, 1896. p. 6.
  3. "Didn't Know Where He Was At". Detroit Free Press. November 22, 1896. p. 9.
  4. 1 2 3 "Central Michigan Game by Game Results". August 15, 2016. Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
  5. "Central Michigan Game by Game Results". August 15, 2016. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  6. 1 2 "Central Michigan Game by Game Results". August 15, 2016. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
  7. "Mt. Pleasant". Detroit Free Press. October 9, 1905. p. 13 via Newspapers.com. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  8. 1 2 "Central Normal Winner". Detroit Free Press. November 18, 1905. p. 10 via Newspapers.com. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  9. "Central Normal Beaten". Detroit Free Press. November 5, 1905. p. 18 via Newspapers.com. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  10. "Football at Mt. Pleasant". Detroit Free Press. October 2, 1907. p. 10 via Newspapers.com. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  11. "Mount Pleasant Easy For Normal Squad". Kalamazoo Gazette . Kalamazoo, Michigan. October 20, 1907. p. 6. Retrieved March 21, 2025 via Newspapers.com Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg .
  12. "Central Normals Win: Defeat Flint Mutes in Close Game by a Score of 6 to 5". Detroit Free Press. November 3, 1907. p. 20 via Newspapers.com. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  13. "Trounce Central Normal". Detroit Free Press. November 17, 1907. p. 20 via Newspapers.com. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  14. "Central Normal Tames Alma, 13-0: Teachers Tally in Second and Fourth Periods". Detroit Free Press. November 23, 1924. p. 19 via Newspapers.com. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  15. "Alma Noses Out Ahead". Detroit Free Press . Detroit, Michigan. October 18, 1908. p. 21, part 1. Retrieved March 16, 2025 via Newspapers.com Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg .
  16. "Mt. Pleasant Normals Beat Alma". Detroit Free Press . Detroit, Michigan. November 1, 1908. p. 21. Retrieved October 7, 2022 via Newspapers.com Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg .
  17. "Loses To Normals". Alma Record. Alma, Michigan. November 5, 1908. p. 6. Retrieved October 7, 2022 via Newspapers.com Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg .
  18. "Ypsi Normal the Loser: Beaten by Other Budding School-masters at Mt. Pleasant". Detroit Free Press. November 8, 1908. p. 22 via Newspapers.com.
  19. "Mt. Pleasant Holds Light Signal Work". Kalamazoo Gazette . Kalamazoo, Michigan. November 21, 1908. p. 6. Retrieved March 16, 2025 via Newspapers.com Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg .
  20. "Western Normal 11; Mount Pleasant 5". Kalamazoo Gazette . Kalamazoo, Michigan. November 22, 1908. p. 13. Retrieved March 16, 2025 via Newspapers.com Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg .
  21. 1910 Chippewa yearbook, pp. 56-57.
  22. "Normals Held To Low Score". Detroit Free Press. October 17, 1909. p. 21 via Newspapers.com.
  23. "Alma Loses To Normals: Mt. Pleasant Team is Too Strong for Presbyterians". Detroit Free Press. October 24, 1909. p. 23 via Newspapers.com.
  24. "Ypsi Normals Victorious: Defeat Mt. Pleasant Team 17 to 0 in One-Sided Gridiron Battle". Detroit Free Press. November 6, 1909. p. 10 via Newspapers.com.
  25. "Brilliant Playing Wins For Normals". Kalamazoo Gazette . Kalamazoo, Michigan. November 20, 1909. p. 8. Retrieved March 18, 2025 via Newspapers.com Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg .