Centrolene savagei

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Centrolene savagei
Cochranella savagei02.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Centrolenidae
Genus: Centrolene
Species:
C. savagei
Binomial name
Centrolene savagei
(Ruiz-Carranza  [ fr ] and Lynch  [ fr ], 1991)
Synonyms [2]

Cochranella savageiRuiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991

Centrolene savagei is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae that is endemic to the Andes of western Colombia, specifically the Cordillera Occidental and Cordillera Central. [2] [3] Its common name is Savage's Cochran frog. [2]

Contents

Description

Centrolene savagei is a small glassfrog: adult females measure about 24 mm (0.9 in) in snout–vent length and adult males 20–24 mm (0.8–0.9 in) in snout–vent length, [4] [5] It has a wide head with a rounded snout and bulging eyes, and a slender body. The fingers and toes are tipped with adhesive pads. The body and legs are liberally covered with rounded whitish warts. The dorsal surface is bright green speckled with white or pale green, which makes it well-camouflaged on leaves, and the underparts are white and semi-transparent; the bones are green. [6] The species has a number of defenses such as foul-smelling skin secretions and a variety of defensive postures and behaviors. [7]

Reproduction

Adult male Centrolene savagei call at night after there has been rain during the day. [6] The male advertisement call consists of 1–3 "peep" notes, each about 17 milliseconds in length (range 10–22 ms), and separated by silent intervals 302–442 ms in duration. [5] Larger males have lower-pitch calls and higher mating success. Females lay 15–27 cream-coloured eggs on leaves; males can guard the eggs for 24 hours or more. [8] The newly hatched tadpole drop off the leaves into the water below. [6] Tadpoles grow up to 33 mm (1.3 in) in length. [5]

Habitat and conservation

Its natural habitats are sub-Andean [1] and Andean forests at elevations of 1,230–2,050 m (4,000–6,700 ft) above sea level. [3] Its typical habitat is trees and vegetation close to running water. [6] It can also occur in secondary forests. It is currently listed as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Redlist. Its distribution is fragmented and relatively limited in area, and its habitat is lost to agriculture (crops and livestock) and pollution. [1]

Related Research Articles

Glass frog Family of amphibians

The glass frogs are frogs of the amphibian family Centrolenidae. While the general background coloration of most glass frogs is primarily lime green, the abdominal skin of some members of this family is transparent and translucent. The internal viscera, including the heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, are visible through the skin, hence the common name is given as glass frog. Glass frogs are arboreal, meaning they mainly live in trees, and only come out for mating season.

<i>Chimerella mariaelenae</i> Species of amphibian

Chimerella mariaelenae is a species of glassfrog that inhabits on the Andean slopes of eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru. The species was described as new to science by Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia and Roy W. McDiarmid in the journal Zootaxa.

Espadarana audax is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found on the Amazonian versant of Andes in northeast Peru, eastern Ecuador, and southern Colombia.

Centrolene bacata is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is known from three localities; one on the Colombian Massif in Putumayo Department in southern Colombia, and two on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Oriental in the Morona-Santiago and Napo provinces, Ecuador.

<i>Centrolene ballux</i> Species of frog

Centrolene ballux is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is known from a few disjunct localities on the Pacific versant of the Cordillera Occidental in southern Colombia and northern Ecuador. Common names golden-flecked glassfrog and Burrowes' giant glass frog have been coined for it.

Centrolene heloderma is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae from the Andes in Colombia and Ecuador. It is also known as Pichincha giant glass frog or bumpy glassfrog.

Centrolene huilensis is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to Colombia and only known from the region of its type locality near Isnos, on the Cordillera Central in the Huila Department.

Cochranella litoralis is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is known from the Pacific lowlands of southwestern Colombia and northern Ecuador. The specific name litoralis refers to the proximity of the type locality to the sea.

Centrolene lynchi, also known as the Lynch's giant glass frog or Lynch's glassfrog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in the Risaralda Department on the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia and on the western Andes in the Pichincha, Cotopaxi, and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Provinces, Ecuador. It is named after John Douglas Lynch, the herpetologist who collected the first specimens of this species. Centrolene scirtetes might be a junior synonym of this species.

"Centrolene" medemi is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. The species occurs in the Cordillera Oriental in the Tolima, Caquetá, and Putumayo Departments in Colombia and adjacent Napo in Ecuador. The generic placement of this species within the subfamily Centroleninae is uncertain. The specific name medemi honors Fred Medem, collector of the holotype. Common name Medem giant glass frog has been coined for it.

Centrolene notosticta is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found on the Cordillera Oriental in Colombia and on its extension to north, Serranía del Perijá, in the Zulia state in Venezuela.

"Centrolene" petrophilum is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. Also called the Boyaca Giant Glass Frog.

"Centrolene" quindianum Species of frog

"Centrolene" quindianum is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to the Andes of Colombia and is considered a threatened species due to habitat destruction. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. "C." quindianum is known to have two types of calls, one composed of only two notes and the other composed of three to five notes with its most frequently used one being the former.

"Cochranella" duidaeana, commonly known as the Duida Cochran frog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to Cerro Duida, Venezuela. The generic placement of this species within the subfamily Centroleninae is uncertain.

<i>Cochranella mache</i> Species of amphibian

Cochranella mache, also known as the Mache glassfrog or Mache Cochran frog, is a species of frogs in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in the lowland forest and eastern slopes of Cordillera Mache–Chindul in the Esmeraldas Province, northwestern Ecuador, and in the western foothills of the Cordillera Occidental in Colombia.

<i>Vitreorana ritae</i> Species of frog

Vitreorana ritae is a species of frog in the glass frog family (Centrolenidae). It is found in Amazonian Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and in southern Guyana, eastern Suriname, and French Guiana. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

"Cochranella" riveroi is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to Cerro Aracamuni, Venezuela. The generic placement of this species within the subfamily Centroleninae is uncertain.

<i>Teratohyla spinosa</i> Species of amphibian

Teratohyla spinosa is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in the Pacific lowlands of northern and central Ecuador and western Colombia, northward on the Pacific slopes Panama and Costa Rica, as well as on the Caribbean slopes of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Honduras.

<i>Pristimantis permixtus</i> Species of frog

Pristimantis permixtus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Colombia where it is found on the Cordillera Occidental and the Cordillera Central in Antioquia, Caldas, Quindío, Risaralda, Tolima, and Valle del Cauca departments.

Centroleninae Subfamily of amphibians

Centroleninae is one of two subfamilies of the family Centrolenidae. It has nine genera distributed in Central America from Honduras south and east to northern and central South America. As of mid 2015, it contains 117 species.

References

  1. 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2017). "Centrolene savagei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T54990A63062174. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T54990A63062174.en . Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Centrolene savagei (Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  3. 1 2 Acosta Galvis, A. R.; D. Cuentas (2017). "Centrolene savagei (Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991)". Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia V.07.2017.0. www.batrachia.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  4. ↑ "Centrolene savagei". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 Díaz-Gutiérrez, N.; Vargas-Salinas, F.; Rivera-Correa, M.; Rojas-Morales, J. N. A. S.; Escobar-Lasso, S.; Velasco, J. N. A.; Gutiérrez-Cárdenas, P. D. A.; Amézquita, A. (2013). "Description of the previously unknown advertisement call and tadpole of the Colombian endemic glassfrog Centrolene savagei (Anura: Centrolenidae)". Zootaxa. 3686 (2): 289–296. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3686.2.9. PMID   26473219.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Halliday, Tim (2016). The Book of Frogs: A Life-Size Guide to Six Hundred Species from Around the World. University of Chicago Press. p. 262. ISBN   978-0-226-18465-4.
  7. ↑ Escobar-Lasso, Sergio; Rojas-Morales, Julián Andrés (2012). "Antipredatory behaviors of the Colombian endemic glassfrog Centrolene savagei (Anura: Centrolenidae)". Boletín Científico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural. 16 (1): 226–232.
  8. ↑ Vargas-Salinas, F.; Quintero-Ángel, A. S.; Osorio-Domínguez, D.; Rojas-Morales, J. N. A. S.; Escobar-Lasso, S.; Gutiérrez-Cárdenas, P. D. A.; Rivera-Correa, M.; Amézquita, A. (2014). "Breeding and parental behaviour in the glass frog Centrolene savagei (Anura: Centrolenidae)". Journal of Natural History. 48 (27–28): 1689–1705. doi:10.1080/00222933.2013.840942.
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