Chamber of Agriculture in France

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Chambers of Commerce, Agriculture, and Crafts in France
Chambres de commerce, d'agriculture et de métiers en France
FormationJanuary 3, 1924
TypeConsular chamber
PurposeRepresenting and supporting professionals in agriculture, commerce, industry, and crafts.
HeadquartersParis, France
Location
Official language
French
Website www.chambres-agriculture.fr

The Chambers of Agriculture are consular organizations (chambre consulaire). They were founded in France by the Law of January 3, 1924. Their role is to:

Contents

They can also be called upon by local authorities to address regional development issues.

History

In 1840, Marshal Bugeaud, then deputy for the Dordogne, proposed a law to create chambers of agriculture. It was not adopted. Numerous attempts were made, with varying degrees of success. Finally, on January 3, 1924, the law on chambers of agriculture was promulgated, followed in 1927 by the adoption of the first law creating resources for chambers of agriculture.

In France, chambers of agriculture are consular bodies charged with managing missions of general interest:

The State has entrusted them with the role not only of representing all the different economic agents in agriculture but also of applying agricultural and rural development policies on French territory.

Departmental chambers of agriculture

Traditional responsibilities

At the departmental level, the Chambers of Agriculture are responsible for several mandatory public services:

They also play an essential role in providing information and assistance to farmers. They have SUAD (Services d'utilité agricole et de développement) and training bodies whose employees provide information and training to farmers. The educational role played by the Chambers of Agriculture in disseminating technical knowledge played a decisive role in post-war France, at a time when the country was not self-sufficient in certain areas and was importing wheat, meat, and fats at a time when it was short of foreign currency. Today, they continue to accompany the evolution of agriculture and its sectors and have seen their competencies extended to environmental issues, territorial and rural development, and the development of the forestry and timber industry.

New powers (2010)

The departmental Chamber of Agriculture is the consultative, representative and professional body for agricultural interests vis-à-vis public bodies (art. L. 511-1 et seq. of the French Rural Code). Its remit is therefore fundamentally agricultural.

Law no. 2010-874 of July 27, 2010, on the modernization of agriculture introduces a provision into the Forestry Code specifying the competence of chambers of agriculture in forestry matters. The forestry code has existed since 1827, and in the 20th century, a very distinct rural code was drawn up. This is the first time that such a division has been introduced into the Forestry Code.

The departmental and regional chambers of agriculture are thus empowered to contribute to the development of woods and forests and to promote forest-related agricultural activities. They carry out actions concerning:

Organization

There are 94 chambers in all, including the overseas departments. [1] As a general rule, each department has its chamber of agriculture. However, some chambers may cover several departments. Recently, a chamber of agriculture, a member of the national network, was created in Mayotte. Chambers with special statutes also exist in New Caledonia and Tahiti.

The chambers have considerable resources at their disposal: around 8,000 employees, including 6,000 engineers and technicians, and a total consolidated budget of 702 million euros. [2]

Regional Chambers of Agriculture

Each French region has a regional chamber of agriculture, whose elected members are drawn from the departmental chambers.

The role of these regional chambers is to coordinate and plan agricultural development at the regional level, to coordinate and ensure the smooth running of the departmental chambers amongst themselves, and to represent and dialogue with the Regional Council and regional government departments, in particular the Prefecture and the DRAAF. This latter role has gained in importance since decentralization.

Among other things, the Regional Chambers of Agriculture are responsible for coordinating the activities of the Chambers in their region in terms of research, experimentation, and support for innovation in agriculture. They coordinate the Regional Agricultural and Rural Development Programs, with financial support from the Compte d'Affectation Spécial Développement Agricole et Rural (CasDAR).

The merger of departmental chambers of agriculture into a regional chamber of agriculture

On January 1, 2024, [3] the four Breton departmental chambers of agriculture and the regional chamber of Brittany merged by decree. [4] The five entities are now the same, under the name of Chamber of Agriculture in Brittany, whose usual acronym is CAB. The four departmental chambers of agriculture are now territorial chambers, attached to the Chamber of Agriculture in Brittany.

Permanent Assembly of Chambers of Agriculture (APCA)

APCA was the national level of the Chambers of Agriculture network. APCA became Chambers of Agriculture France in 2022. [5] It is an associate member of the French Agricultural Council.

The president of Chambers of Agriculture France is Sébastien Windsor, president of the Normandy Chamber of Agriculture, vice-president of the Avril group, [6] president of FDSEA-76, and vice-president of the FOP. He succeeded Claude Cochonneau, who died accidentally on December 22, 2019, [7] during his term of office. He was president of FSDEA-72 and previously mayor of Marçon. Previous presidents are Joseph Faure (Corrèze, 1927-1940), René Blondelle (FSDEA-02, 1952-1971), Pierre Collet (the Loire, 1971-1974), Louis Perrin (FSDEA-28, 1974 - 1989), Pierre Cormorèche (FSDEA-01, 1989-1995), Jean-François Hervieu (FSDEA-27, 1995-2001), Luc Guyau (FSDEA-85, 2001-2010), Guy Vasseur (FSDEA-41, 2010-2016).

Lobbying at the French National Assembly

The APCA is registered as an interest representative with the French National Assembly. In 2012, it declared an erroneous overall budget of 27 euros and indicated that annual costs linked to direct interest representation activities with Parliament are between 50,000 and 100,000 euros. [8]

The APCA contributes to the financing of the “Club de la table française” parliamentary club via the lobbying firm Com' Publics. [9]

Research and development activities

The APCA coordinates networks of Chambers of Agriculture advisors, to help them adapt their support to farmers and other rural stakeholders.

It also promotes the involvement of the consular network in research and development projects financed by the CasDAR at the national level and by Horizon 2020 at the European level. As such, since 2019, APCA has been leading the European i2connect project [10] on support for interactive innovation.

Elections

Representing the agricultural and rural world

The 45 to 48 elected members per chamber are appointed every six years by direct universal suffrage and represent farmers (21), former farmers (2), landowners (2), production employees (4), organization employees (4), professional groups (11) and the CRPF (1 to 4). [11]

The electorate represents 3,000,000 people and 50,000 professional groups. The rate of participation (66% in the farmers' college in 2007) lends a certain legitimacy to its representatives, even if the agricultural world is plural. But since then, participation has fallen by 20 points: 54% in 2013, 46% in 2019.

The Chamber of Agriculture is the only consular chamber in which employees are represented.

For the main college of farm managers and assimilated and that of salaried employees, the voting system is a single-round, proportional list system with a majority bonus, i.e. the list that comes first automatically wins half the seats, with the remainder shared out on a proportional basis. [12] For the other colleges, the vote is by majority.

After these elections, which take place in January in each department, the department chambers of agriculture elect the 11 regional chambers of agriculture in March, who in turn elect the president of the chambers of agriculture at the end of March.

Results of the Latest Elections [13] [14]
Organization1983 Results1989 Results1995 Results2001 Results2007 Results2013 Results2019 Results
FNSEA/JA65–69%64%60%52.8%54.9%53.39%55.31%
Rural Coordination6% (FFA)5% (FFA)12%12.2%18.7%20.49%21.54%
Peasant Confederation7% (CNSTP) + 5% (FNSP)8%20%26.8%19.6%18.54%20.04%
Others ? ? ?2.4%4.1%1.53%1.21%
MODEF8.5%8%5%2.9%2.6%1.47%1.89%
FNSEA Affiliates ? ? ?1.4%1.9%1.35%
FNSEA Union / Others0.1%

The results of the 2019 Chambers of Agriculture elections (held from January 21 to 31) [15] [16] brought no surprises at the national level. The FNSEA-JA duo confirmed their absolute majority within the consular organizations. The Rural Coordination has also consolidated its second-place position and will head the chambers in 3 departments. The Confédération Paysanne made slight progress, but will no longer manage any departments, while Modef fell below the 2% mark. On the other hand, voter turnout was historically low, at around 46.52%, almost 8 points lower than in 2013. At the local level, a small game of musical chairs took place at the margins. [17]

Funding and budget

In 2005, around half the revenue of the Chambers of Agriculture came from the "additional tax to the tax on unbuilt land" (TATFNB - an additional tax on undeveloped land), with the remainder coming from subsidies and the paid services they provide. [18]

In 2016, their budget totaled 720 million euros, of which personnel costs accounted for almost two-thirds. [19] Between 1995 and 2015, the payroll rose from 6,000 to 7,600 FTEs, while the number of farms was halved (from 800,000 to 410,000). [19]

Criticism

Chambers of agriculture are criticized by researchers and skeptics alike for their permeability to pseudoscience, which is problematic given that they are state-funded. They spend, and encourage others to spend, [20] considerable amounts of money on training in pseudoscience such as geobiology, radiesthesia, and dowsing. [20] [21]

See also

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References

  1. "Chambres d'agriculture France - Official website". chambres-agriculture.fr. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
  2. Chambres d'agriculture France (2018). "Dates et chiffres clés du réseau" [Key dates and figures of the network]. chambres-agriculture.fr (in French). Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  3. Chambre d'agriculture (2024). "La nouvelle Chambre d'agriculture bretonne" [The new Breton Chamber of Agriculture]. bretagne.chambres-agriculture.fr (in French). Retrieved May 4, 2024.
  4. "Décret n° 2023-1283 du 26 décembre 2023 portant création de la chambre d'agriculture de région Bretagne" [Decree No. 2023-1283 of December 26, 2023 establishing the Brittany regional chamber of agriculture]. legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
  5. "L'Assemblée permanente des Chambres d'agriculture (APCA) devient Chambres d'agriculture France" [The Permanent Assembly of Chambers of Agriculture (APCA) becomes Chambers of Agriculture France]. chambres-agriculture.fr (in French). 2022. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  6. Le Du, Guillaume (2019). "PORTRAIT. Qui est le nouveau « patron » de l'agriculture normande ?" [PORTRAIT. Who is the new “boss” of Normandy agriculture?]. Ouest France (in French). Retrieved January 16, 2025.
  7. "Président des chambres d'agriculture, Claude Cochonneau est décédé accidentellement" [President of the Chambers of Agriculture, Claude Cochonneau died accidentally]. Ouest-France.fr (in French). 2019. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
  8. "Tableau des représentants d'intérêts" [Table of interest representatives]. Assemblée nationale (in French). 2016. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
  9. Haute autorité pour la transparence de la vie publique [High Authority for Transparency in Public Life] (in French). Paris: Les clubs parlementaires. 2016. pp. 64–77.
  10. "i2connect - Official website". i2connect. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
  11. "CNPF, la gestion durable des forêts privées" [CNPF, sustainable management of private forests]. Official website of CNPF (in French). Retrieved January 16, 2025.
  12. "Elections 2025 des Chambres d'agriculture - Chambre d'agriculture France" [2025 Elections of the Chambers of Agriculture - Chamber of Agriculture France]. chambres-agriculture.fr. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
  13. Le Guen, Roger (1997). "Les élections aux Chambres départementales d'agriculture du 31 janvier 1995 / Un révélateur du changement d'identité professionnelle des agriculteurs" [The elections to the Departmental Chambers of Agriculture of January 31, 1995 / A revealer of the change in the professional identity of farmers]. Économie rurale (in French). 237: 30–36. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
  14. Martin, Jean-Philippe (2013). Histoire de la nouvelle gauche paysanne. Des contestations des années 1960 à la Confédération paysanne [History of the New Peasant Left. From the Protests of the 1960s to the Peasant Confederation] (in French). Éditions La Découverte. ISBN   2-7071-4631-5.
  15. "Elections aux Chambres d'agriculture 2013" [Elections to the Chambers of Agriculture 2013]. Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Souveraineté alimentaire (in French). March 7, 2013. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
  16. "Élections chambres" [Chamber elections]. Terre-net (in French). Retrieved January 16, 2025.
  17. Carpon, Arnaud; Guyomard, Sophie; Debris, Pauline (March 8, 2019). "Tous les résultats des élections chambres d'agriculture 2019" [All the results of the 2019 Chambers of Agriculture elections]. Terre-net (in French). Archived from the original on November 23, 2024. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
  18. Réponse du Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'alimentation, de la pêche et de la ruralité (2005). "Situation des chambres d'agriculture, 12e législature (JO Sénat page 1054)" [Situation of the chambers of agriculture, 12th legislature (JO Senate page 1054)]. senat.fr (in French). Retrieved April 4, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. 1 2 "Les chambres d'agriculture françaises en quête d'économies" [French Chambers of Agriculture in search of savings]. ouest-france.fr (in French). 2017. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  20. 1 2 Milgram, G. (October 18, 2024). L’État, noyauté par le bullsh*t (Enquête: suite et fin) [The State, Infiltrated by Bullsh*t (Investigation: continuation and end)] (Video) (in French). Retrieved January 16, 2025 via YouTube.
  21. Boussion, Xavier (November 13, 2024). "Éolien : les professionnels de la filière dénoncent leur obligation de faire appel à un « sourcier »" [Wind power: industry professionals denounce their obligation to call on a “water diviner”]. ouest-france.fr (in French). Retrieved November 16, 2024.