Chlorine-37

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Chlorine-37
General
Symbol 37Cl
Names chlorine-37
Protons (Z)17
Neutrons (N)20
Nuclide data
Natural abundance 24.22% [1]
Isotope mass 36.965903 [2] Da
Isotopes of chlorine
Complete table of nuclides

Chlorine-37 (37
Cl), is one of the stable isotopes of chlorine, the other being chlorine-35 (35
Cl). Its nucleus contains 17 protons and 20 neutrons for a total of 37 nucleons. Chlorine-37 accounts for 24.22% of natural chlorine, with chlorine-35 the remaining 75.78%, giving chlorine in bulk an apparent atomic weight of 35.45 g/mol. [3]

Contents

Remarkably, solar neutrinos were discovered by an experiment (Homestake Experiment) using a radiochemical method based on chlorine-37 transmutation. [4]

Neutrino detection

One of the historically important radiochemical methods of solar neutrino detection is based on inverse electron capture triggered by the absorption of an electron neutrino. [5] Chlorine-37 transmutes into argon-37 via the reaction [6]

37
Cl + ν
e → 37
Ar + e−
.

Argon-37 then decays via electron capture (half-life 35.01 days) into chlorine-37 via the reaction

37
Ar + e−
 → 37
Cl + ν
e.

The detection of these electrons confirms that a neutrino event occurred. Detection methods involve several hundred thousand liters of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4) stored in underground tanks. [4] [5] [7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Chlorine". CIAAW. 2009.
  2. ↑ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
  3. ↑ Prohaska, Thomas; et al. (2022-05-25). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 94 (5): 573–600. doi: 10.1515/pac-2019-0603 .
  4. 1 2 J.N. Bahcall (1969). "Neutrinos from the Sun" . Scientific American . 221 (1): 28–37. Bibcode:1969SciAm.221a..28B. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0769-28.
  5. 1 2 Sutton, Christine (1992). Spaceship Neutrino . Cambridge University Press. pp.  151–152. ISBN   978-0-521-36404-1. OCLC   25246163. chlorine-37 neutrino.
  6. ↑ F.H. Shu (1982). The Physical Universe: An Introduction to Astronomy . University Science Books. p.  122. ISBN   978-0-935702-05-7. chlorine 37 neutrino.
  7. ↑ A. Bhatnagar, W. Livingston (2005). Fundamental of Solar Astronomy. World Scientific. pp. 87–89. ISBN   978-981-238-244-3.
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