Christian Civic League of Maine

Last updated
Christian Civic League of Maine
Established1897
01-0044660 (EIN)
Headquarters70 Sewall Street, Augusta, Maine
Key people
Carroll Conley, Executive Director
Revenue (2017)
$276,756 [1]
Website cclmaine.org

The Christian Civic League of Maine is a political lobbying group founded to support prohibition of alcohol and later advocating for various conservative Christian policies in the government of the US state of Maine. It is the Focus on the Family affiliate organization (known as a Family Policy Council) for Maine, and its policy priorities today resemble that of this parent organization. It has worked to oppose same-sex marriage and adoption, to censor pornography, to oppose gambling, to legally permit LGBT employment discrimination, and to support conversion therapy. [2]

Contents

History

Founding

The Christian Civic League of Maine was founded in 1897 [3] at Fort Fairfield, Maine for the purpose of "the suppression of the saloons." [4] At the League's first organizational meeting in Waterville, Bowdoin College president William DeWitt Hyde served as the first (temporary) chairman. [5]

A mass Temperance movement was sweeping the United States at this time, particularly Maine, which had passed the nation's first prohibition law in 1851. Many similar Temperance organizations were founded in the 19th century. The Temperance movement declined during Prohibition in the 1920s and 1930s, and most Temperance organizations ended. The Christian Civic League of Maine would prove to be unusually durable, advocating for the prohibition of alcohol into the 1980s.

Benjamin Bubar tenure

In March of 1949 Maine considered a bill legalizing the sale of wine at grocery stores. The Christian Civic League denounced this as "an attempt to Europeanize our consumption of liquor." The attempt was defeated. [6]

The next month, Maine representative Ben Bubar introduced a prohibition bill. When his bill failed, Bubar became angry with the Christian Civic League for not supporting his bill strongly enough because they were focused on anti-gambling bills instead. [7] Bubar had tried alcohol one time in his life, and his displeasure with the experience lead him to dedicate his career to teetotaling. Bubar would begin working at the Christian Civic League in 1952, serving as its head until 1983. [8]

Throughout the 1960 the Christian Civic League lead campaigns to outlaw the sale of alcohol on Sunday. They opposed a 1966 vote recount when an apparent vote miscount favored their side. [9]

Bubar ran for president in 1976 and 1980 as nominee of the Prohibition party. [8]

Jasper Wyman tenure

A former member of the Maine House, Jasper Wyman, succeeded Bubar as the head of the League in 1983. Wyman turned the organization away from temperance and anti-gambling and toward issues of sexual morality, education, and welfare. [10]

LGBT activists in 1985 proposed a gay civil rights bill, LD 1249, although the strength of the Christian Civic League's lobbying caused debate among activists about the merit of even introducing the bill. [11] LD 1249 did not pass.

Wyman and the League sponsored a 1986 ballot measure to censor pornography. Under the proposed law, the sale of anything that appeals to "the prurient interest in sex" would have been punishable by a jail term of five years. A coalition of Maine feminist groups defeated the law. [12]

In 1992 Wyman called for a donor boycott of the United Way of Greater Portland because they banned sexual orientation bias. [13]

Wyman described himself in 1992 as opposed to abortion but "pro-choices." Wyman said his organization had learned a lesson from the ineffectiveness of prohibition. "I don't see us resolving this by force of law. The only thing we can do is persuade women and men by offering better choices." Wyman expressed support for sex education and welfare for pregnant women, and said that "pro-lifers must drop their unreasonable and indefensible opposition to birth control." [14]

Wyman left the Civic League in 1994 to run for governor, but lost the primary to Susan Collins. [10]

Michael Heath tenure

In 1997 the Maine Legislature passed a law prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation. Michael Heath, now head of the Christian Civic League, commented "discrimination is not necessarily a bad thing" because "it's appropriate to discriminate against wrongdoing." [15]

Under Heath, the League pushed to overturn the law in 1998. Maine became the first US state to repeal a gay rights statute. [16] Heath attributed the success to Maine residents who "have appropriate moral concerns with homosexuality and bisexuality." [17]

The League handed out anti-gay leaflets at a 2003 civil rights conference where the play The Laramie Project was to be performed. They called it "homosexual indoctrination for 13-year-olds." [18]

Michael Heath asked the public to send him "tips, rumors, speculation and facts" about lawmakers and other state officials who might be gay in 2004. Heath planned on outing gay officials on the League's website. He was widely criticized for this request and placed on one-month administrative leave from the League. [19]

In March 2005, Governor John Baldacci signed a law extending the Maine Human Rights Act to make discrimination based on sexual orientation illegal in employment, housing, credit, public accommodations and education. The Christian Civic League opposed the change, claiming the law would lead to gay marriage, though this was already banned under existing Maine law. [20] The League held rallies in 2005 to condemn the LGBT protection, and supported a referendum to repeal it. [21]

"Outraged" by California's 2008 decision to legalize gay marriage, the League started a petition drive to permit discrimination against gay and lesbians in employment and other areas, to prohibit unmarried and gay adoption, to prohibit civil unions, and to reaffirm Maine's prohibition of gay marriage. Heath called all LGBT rights "special rights based on sexual misbehavior." [22]

Maine would briefly legalize gay marriage in 2009, then repeal the measure in the same year.

Carroll Conley tenure

Under executive director Carroll Conley, the Christian Civic League of Maine made another push against gay marriage in 2012, when LGBT activists were working to restore its legality. [23] The ballot question passed, and same-sex marriage has been legal in Maine since 2012.

The League opposed the opening of casinos by Maine's tribal nations in 2018. [24]

In 2019, the organization attempted to keep conversion therapy (the pseudoscientific practice of trying to change an person's sexual orientation) legal in Maine. [25] The League gathered signatures supporting the veto of a law providing abortion care through medical insurance, but failed to gather enough to put the question on the ballot. [26]

Tax violations

Investigative reporter Christine Young discovered that the League had violated IRS rules on funneling donations into campaigns against gay rights and abortion. The reporter and her TV station, WMTW received the DuPont Award in 2000 for investigating the tax violations. [27]

Related Research Articles

This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the year 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights opposition</span> Opposition to legal rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people

LGBT rights opposition is the opposition to legal rights, proposed or enacted, for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. Laws that LGBT rights opponents may be opposed to include civil unions or partnerships, LGBT parenting and adoption, military service, access to assisted reproductive technology, and access to sex reassignment surgery and hormone replacement therapy for transgender individuals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Bosnia and Herzegovina may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female forms of same-sex sexual activity are legal in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, households headed by same-sex couples are not eligible for the same legal protections available to opposite-sex couples.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in the United States</span>

In the United States, public opinion and jurisprudence on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights have developed significantly since the late 1980s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in the Bahamas</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in the Bahamas have limited legal protections. While same-sex sexual activity is legal in the Bahamas, there are no laws that address discrimination or harassment on the account of sexual orientation or gender identity, nor does it recognize same sex unions in any form, whether it be marriage or partnerships. Households headed by same-sex couples are also not eligible for any of the same rights given to opposite-sex married couples.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in Denmark</span>

Danish lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights are some of the most extensive in the world. In 2023, ILGA-Europe ranked Denmark as the third most LGBT-supportive country in Europe. Polls consistently show that same-sex marriage support is nearly universal amongst the Danish population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in Montenegro</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Montenegro face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity are legal in Montenegro, but households headed by same-sex couples are not eligible for the same legal protections available to opposite-sex married couples.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in the Philippines</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people (LGBT) in the Philippines face legal challenges not faced by non-LGBT people, with numerous anti-discrimination legislations, bills and laws that are struggling to be passed on a national level to protect LGBT rights nationwide, with some parts of the country only existing on a local government level. LGBT individuals in the Philippines are often faced with disadvantages and difficulties in acquiring equal rights within the country. They also have a higher rate of suicide and suicide ideation compared to their heterosexual counterparts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in Armenia</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Armenia face legal and social challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents, due in part to the lack of laws prohibiting discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity and in part to prevailing negative attitudes about LGBT persons throughout society.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in the Dominican Republic</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the Dominican Republic do not possess the same legal protections as non-LGBT residents, and face social challenges that are not experienced by other people. While the Dominican Criminal Code does not expressly prohibit same-sex sexual relations or cross-dressing, it also does not address discrimination or harassment on the account of sexual orientation or gender identity, nor does it recognize same-sex unions in any form, whether it be marriage or partnerships. Households headed by same-sex couples are also not eligible for any of the same rights given to opposite-sex married couples, as same-sex marriage is constitutionally banned in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in Guatemala</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Guatemala face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female forms of same-sex sexual activity are legal in Guatemala.

Same-sex marriage has been legally recognized in Maine since December 29, 2012. A bill for the legalization of same-sex marriages was approved by voters, 53–47 percent, on November 6, 2012, as Maine, Maryland and Washington became the first U.S. states to legalize same-sex marriage by popular vote. Election results were certified by the Maine Secretary of State's office and the Governor of Maine, Paul LePage, on November 29.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EqualityMaine</span>

EqualityMaine is Maine's oldest and largest lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender political advocacy organization. Their mission, outlined on the organization's website is to "secure equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people in Maine through political action, community organizing, education, and collaboration."

Mary L. Bonauto is an American lawyer and civil rights advocate who has worked to eradicate discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, and has been referred to by US Representative Barney Frank as "our Thurgood Marshall." She began working with the Massachusetts-based Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders, now named GLBTQ Legal Advocates & Defenders (GLAD) organization in 1990. A resident of Portland, Maine, Bonauto was one of the leaders who both worked with the Maine legislature to pass a same-sex marriage law and to defend it at the ballot in a narrow loss during the 2009 election campaign. These efforts were successful when, in the 2012 election, Maine voters approved the measure, making it the first state to allow same-sex marriage licenses via ballot vote. Bonauto is best known for being lead counsel in the case Goodridge v. Department of Public Health which made Massachusetts the first state in which same-sex couples could marry in 2004. She is also responsible for leading the first strategic challenges to section three of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in Massachusetts</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the U.S. state of Massachusetts enjoy the same rights as non-LGBT people. The U.S. state of Massachusetts is one of the most LGBT-supportive states in the country. In 2004, it became the first U.S. state to grant marriage licenses to same-sex couples after the decision in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health, and the sixth jurisdiction worldwide, after the Netherlands, Belgium, Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in Maine</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the U.S. state of Maine have the same legal rights as non-LGBT people. Same-sex marriage has been recognized in Maine since December 2012, following a referendum in which a majority of voters approved an initiative to legalize same-sex marriage. Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity is prohibited in the areas of employment, housing, credit and public accommodations. In addition, the use of conversion therapy on minors has been outlawed since 2019, and joint adoption is permitted for same-sex couples.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in Oregon</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the U.S. state of Oregon have the same legal rights as non-LGBT people. Same-sex sexual activity is legal in Oregon, and same-sex marriage has been legal in the state since May 2014 when a federal judge declared the state's ban on such marriages unconstitutional. Previously, same-sex couples could only access domestic partnerships, which guaranteed most of the rights of marriage. Additionally, same-sex couples are allowed to jointly adopt, and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in the areas of employment, housing and public accommodations is outlawed in the state under the Oregon Equality Act, enacted in 2008. Conversion therapy on minors is also illegal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in Nebraska</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in the U.S. state of Nebraska may face some legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Same-sex sexual activity is legal in Nebraska, and same-sex marriage has been recognized since June 2015 as a result of Obergefell v. Hodges. The state prohibits discrimination on account of sexual orientation and gender identity in employment and housing following the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Bostock v. Clayton County and a subsequent decision of the Nebraska Equal Opportunity Commission. In addition, the state's largest city, Omaha, has enacted protections in public accommodations.

Nebraska Family Alliance (NFA) is a 501(c)(3) Judeo-Christian non-profit advocacy organization. The organization was founded in 1988, and it is based in Lincoln, Nebraska. It lobbies against same-sex marriage, LGBT adoption, and LGBT rights. The NFA also opposes abortion, gambling, and human trafficking. It advocates for traditional family structures and gender roles.

References

  1. ↑ "Full text of "Form 990" for fiscal year ending Dec. 2017". ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer. 9 May 2013. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  2. ↑ "Breaking Down LD 912" (PDF). Christian Civic League of Maine. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  3. ↑ Conley, Carroll. "At the Christian Civic League of Maine, our vision is a state and nation where God is honored, religious freedom flourishes, families thrive, and life is cherished". Christian Civic League of Maine. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  4. ↑ "Calais News". Bangor Daily Whig and Courier. January 16, 1900. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  5. ↑ "Christian Civic League". Bangor Daily Whig and Courier. March 31, 1897. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  6. ↑ "Grocery Store Sale of Wines Is Denounced". Portland Press Herald. Portland, Maine. March 25, 1949. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  7. ↑ "House Rejects Prohibition Measure by 85 to 15 Vote". Portland Press Herald. April 21, 1949. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  8. 1 2 Chinlund, Chris (May 8, 1983). "Maine's tenacious teetotaler set to retire". The Boston Globe. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  9. ↑ "Referendum Recount Starts Despite Civic League Claim". Biddeford-Saco Journal. Associated Press. March 14, 1966. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  10. 1 2 Saucier, Roxanne Moore (August 28, 1995). "Jasper Wyman leaving Maine for prison ministry". Bangor Daily News. Bangor, Maine. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  11. ↑ McCormic, Dale. "Two Steps Forward, One Step Back". Our Paper. Augusta, Maine. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  12. ↑ "Maine voters quash anti-porn referendum". Tallahassee Democrat. Associated Press. June 12, 1986. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  13. ↑ "Jasper Wyman, the executive director of the Christian Civic League of Maine". Portland Press Herald. December 23, 1992. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  14. ↑ Goodman, Ellen (September 18, 1992). "Pro-life leader pushing for better choices". Messenger-Inquirer. Owensboro, Kentucky. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  15. ↑ "Maine to vote on gay rights referendum". The Baltimore Sun. February 9, 1998. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  16. ↑ Fisher, Frank (April 28, 1998). "Christian groups targeting abortion". Bennington Banner. Bennington, Vermont. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  17. ↑ Shea, Lois (February 11, 1998). "Gay rights law headed to defeat in Maine". The Boston Globe. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  18. ↑ "Group to hand out anti-gay leaflets". The Brattleboro Reformer. Brattleboro, Vermont. Associated Press. April 16, 2003. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  19. ↑ "Heath placed on one-month leave". Sun Journal. Lewiston, Maine. Associated Press. March 14, 2004.
  20. ↑ "Gay rights vote undergoes third try in Maine". Poughkeepsie Journal. Associated Press. August 17, 2005. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  21. ↑ Carrier, Paul (September 11, 2005). "Maine churches split on gay rights law". Rutland Daily Herald. Rutland, Vermont. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  22. ↑ Adams, Glen (May 17, 2008). "Effort to repeal Maine gay rights law is moving forward". The Brattleboro Reformer. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  23. ↑ West, Paul; Lauter, David; Barabak, Mark Z. (May 11, 2012). "Obama's sway on marriage disputed". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  24. ↑ Villeneuve, Marina (March 26, 2018). "Tribal gaming". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, Vermont. Associated Press. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  25. ↑ Conley, Carroll. "April 2019 Newsletter". Christian Civic League of Maine. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  26. ↑ DeRose, Cara (September 19, 2019). "As people's veto fails, Maine abortion rights advocates celebrate new laws". Maine Beacon.
  27. ↑ Carter, Bill (January 20, 2000). "DuPont Awards Focus on Foreign News". The New York Times. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
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