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Nicaragua is a presidential republic, in which the President of Nicaragua is both head of state and head of government, and there is a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
The Sandinista National Liberation Front is a socialist political party in Nicaragua. Its members are called Sandinistas[sandiˈnistas] in both English and Spanish. The party is named after Augusto César Sandino, who led the Nicaraguan resistance against the United States occupation of Nicaragua in the 1930s.
Anastasio "Tachito" Somoza Debayle was a Nicaraguan dictator and officially the President of Nicaragua from 1 May 1967 to 1 May 1972 and from 1 December 1974 to 17 July 1979. As head of the National Guard, he was de facto ruler of the country between 1972 and 1974, even during the period when he was not the de jure ruler.
The Nicaraguan Revolution encompassed the rising opposition to the Somoza dictatorship in the 1960s and 1970s, the campaign led by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) to oust the dictatorship in 1978–79, the subsequent efforts of the FSLN to govern Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, and the Contra War, which was waged between the FSLN-led government of Nicaragua and the United States–backed Contras from 1981 to 1990. The revolution marked a significant period in the history of Nicaragua and revealed the country as one of the major proxy war battlegrounds of the Cold War, attracting much international attention.
Elections in Nicaragua gives information on elections and election results in Nicaragua.
Patricio José Argüello Ryan, known as Patrick Argüello, was a Nicaraguan American, member of the Sandinistas who was shot and killed while attempting to hijack El Al Flight 219 in September 1970, as part of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine's Dawson's Field hijackings. The Sandinistas had agreed to support the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine's hijacking in exchange for guerrilla warfare training.
Sandinista ideology or Sandinismo is a series of political and economic philosophies championed and instituted by the Nicaraguan Sandinista National Liberation Front throughout the late twentieth century. The ideology and movement acquired its name, image and, most crucially, military style from Augusto César Sandino, a Nicaraguan revolutionary leader who waged a guerrilla war against the United States Marines and the conservative Somoza National Guards in the early twentieth century. Despite using the Sandino name, the principals of modern Sandinista ideology were mainly developed by Carlos Fonseca, who, in likeness to the leaders of the Cuban Revolution of the 1950s, sought to inspire socialist populism among Nicaragua's peasant population. One of these main philosophies involved the institution of an educational system that would "free" the population from the perceived historical fallacies spouted by the ruling Somoza family. By awakening political thought among the people, proponents of Sandinista ideology believed that human resources would be available to not only execute a guerrilla war against the Somoza regime but also build a society resistant to economic and military intervention imposed by foreign entities.
Gaspar García Laviana was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest who took up arms to fight as a soldier in Nicaragua with the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) in 1977.
General elections were held in Nicaragua on 5 November 2006. The country's voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic and 90 members of the National Assembly, all of whom will serve five-year terms. Daniel Ortega (FSLN) won the race with 37.99% of the vote, Eduardo Montealegre (ALN) trailing with 28.30%, José Rizo (PLC) with 27.1%, Edmundo Jarquín (MRS) with 6.29%, and Edén Pastora (AC) with just 0.29%.
The Revolutionary Unity Movement is a Nicaraguan political party, founded in 1988 as a new Marxist party by defectors from the Marxist-Leninist Party of Nicaragua (PMLN), Nicaraguan Communist Party (PCdeN), and the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). Ex-FSLN member, Moisés Hassán, Managua's former Sandinista major, was the leader of the organization. MUR participated in the 1990 Nicaraguan Presidential Elections and won one seat in the National Assembly.
The Democratic Party of National Confidence was a Nicaraguan political party founded by Agustín Jarquín and Adán Fletes after a split from Social Christian Party (PSC) in 1986. The PDCN received legal status on appeal in 1989. It was part of the National Opposition Union (UNO) coalition in 1990 and had 5 seats in the National Assembly. Jarquín was the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) vice-presidential candidate in the 2001 elections. In 1992 the PDCN and the Popular Social Christian Party (PPSC) formed the Christian Democratic Union (UDC).
Unión Demócrata Cristiana is a Nicaraguan political party founded by the center-left Popular Social Christian Party (PPSC) and the center-right Democratic Party of National Confidence (PDCN) in 1992. The UDC was part of the Sandinista National Liberation Front alliance from year 2000 until 2012.
The Nicaraguan Resistance Party is a Nicaraguan political party founded in 1993 by the Contras, the armed opposition to the Sandinista government in the 1980s.
Joaquín Cuadra Lacayo, a scion of Nicaragua's elite, joined the rebel Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) in late 1972. After their victory in 1979, he became army chief of staff.
Father Uriel Molina was one of the most prominent leaders of the liberation theology-oriented "popular church" in Sandinista-era Nicaragua. Tomás Borge was a childhood friend of his.
Religion in Nicaragua is predominantly Christian and forms a significant part of the culture of the country as well as its constitution. Religious freedom and religious tolerance is promoted by both the Nicaraguan government and the constitution.
In 1979, the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) overthrew Anastasio Somoza Debayle, ending the Somoza dynasty, and established a revolutionary government in Nicaragua. Following their seizure of power, the Sandinistas ruled the country first as part of a Junta of National Reconstruction. Following the resignation of centrist members from this Junta, the FSLN took exclusive power in March 1981.
General elections were held in Nicaragua on 6 November 2011. The incumbent president Daniel Ortega, won a third term in this election, with a landslide victory.
Carlos Carrión Cruz is a Nicaraguan politician. From 1979 to 1985 he was head of the Sandinista Youth (JS), the founding national coordinator for the group. In the late 1980s he was mayor of Managua, also as a member of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN).
References
- ↑ The Nicaraguan Academic Journal. Ave Maria College of the Americas. 2000. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
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