Christopher J. Boes

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Christopher J. Boes
Christopher J. Boes 2023.jpg
Boes, seen in 2023 wearing the latchkey symbol of the American Osler Society
Education
Known forPresident of the American Osler Society (2022–2023)
Medical career
ProfessionPhysician
Field Neurology
Institutions Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Sub-specialtiesHeadache, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias
Research
  • Neurology
  • History of medicine
  • History of education at the Mayo Clinic
Awards

Christopher J. Boes is an American neurologist and historian of medicine. He holds the titles of professor of neurology, professor of history of medicine, director of the W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine, at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, and since 2022 is the Mayo Clinic Designated Institutional Official (DIO). His research focuses on the management of headache, including migraine and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. His work in the field of history of medicine includes research on Sir William Gowers, Sir William Osler, Bayard Taylor Horton, Mary Broadfoot Walker, Betty Clements and Harry Lee Parker.

Contents

Boes was president of the American Osler Society (AOS) for 2022–23.

Early life and education

Christopher Boes is from Elgin, Nebraska. [1] One of six children, his father was Gene Boes who ran a farming cooperative, and his mother is Mary Jane. [1] As a child he worked as a paperboy delivering the Omaha World-Herald . [1]

Boes earned his bachelor's degree from Creighton University, and his Doctor of Medicine, with high distinction, from the University of Nebraska College of Medicine in 1996. [2] Following his internship at Nebraska, he completed his residency at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, before being granted a fellowship with the Headache Group at the Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, in Queen Square, London. [1] [2]

Career

Boes holds the title of professor of neurology and professor of history of medicine at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. [2] [3] His research focuses on the management of headache, including migraine and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. [2] In that field he has analysed the strengths and weakness of evidence for oral magnesium supplementation in the treatment of migraine. [4] [5]

Between 2005 and 2013 he was Neurology Residency Program Director at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. [6] In a personal note regarding student applications to neurology, he reported that after the death of neurologist Oliver Sacks, it became less common for students to mention Sacks in their neurology resident application forms. [7]

In 2022 he was appointed the Mayo Clinic Designated Institutional Official (DIO). [2] [lower-alpha 1]

History of medicine

Boes delivering his AOS presidential address on Gowers and Osler in the Osler Room at the Royal College of Physicians, London (2023) C. J. Boes 2023.jpg
Boes delivering his AOS presidential address on Gowers and Osler in the Osler Room at the Royal College of Physicians, London (2023)

In his research on history of medicine, Boes has focused on Sir William Gowers, Sir William Osler, Bayard Taylor Horton, Mary Broadfoot Walker, Harry Lee Parker, [2] and Betty Clements. [9]

In 2002 he co-authored a detailed account of Wilfred Harris' classification of some of the first reports of cluster headache; what Harris termed 'migrainous neuralgia'. [10] [11] His 2005 paper "Chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache through the ages" noted that ergotamine-misuse headache was reported before Peters and Horton's 1951 clear documentation of it. [12] [13] In the journal Brain in 2010, he co-authored "A history of non-drug treatment of headache, particularly migraine". [14] [15] [16]

In 2014 Boes was appointed director of the W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine, at the Mayo Clinic. [2] [17] His 2015 paper “The founding of the Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education” highlighted the contribution of Mayo Clinic to American graduate medical education. [2] [18] In his 2016 article "Gowers and Osler: good friends 'all through'", he identified that Osler probably based the neurology parts of his 1892 medical textbook The Principles and Practice of Medicine , on Gowers' neurology manual , first published in 1886. [19] [20]

Between 2015 and 2017 he chaired the history of neurology section of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN). [2] He was president of the American Osler Society for 2022–23, having been first elected there in 2010. [21]

Awards

Boes earned the Henry W. Woltman Award in 2000. [22] He was awarded the AAN's Residency-Fellowship Program Director Recognition Award in 2013. [23] In both 2014 and 2017 he won the Lawrence C. McHenry Award for excellence in history of neurology research from the AAN. [2] [24] [lower-alpha 2]

Selected publications

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The DIO is the individual in a Sponsoring Institution who has the authority and responsibility for all of that institution’s ACGME-accredited programs. [8]
  2. ↑ An award for research in history of neurology presented by the AAN. [25]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Migraine</span> Disorder resulting in recurrent moderate-severe headaches

Migraine is a genetically influenced complex neurological disorder characterized by episodes of moderate-to-severe headache, most often unilateral and generally associated with nausea and light and sound sensitivity. Other characterizing symptoms may include vomiting, cognitive dysfunction, allodynia, and dizziness. Exacerbation of headache symptoms during physical activity is another distinguishing feature. Up to one-third of migraine sufferers experience aura, a premonitory period of sensory disturbance widely accepted to be caused by cortical spreading depression at the onset of a migraine attack. Although primarily considered to be a headache disorder, migraine is highly heterogenous in its clinical presentation and is better thought of as a spectrum disease rather than a distinct clinical entity. Disease burden can range from episodic discrete attacks to chronic disease.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Headache</span> Pain in the head, neck, or face

Headache, also known as cephalalgia, is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck. It can occur as a migraine, tension-type headache, or cluster headache. There is an increased risk of depression in those with severe headaches.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cluster headache</span> Neurological disorder

Cluster headache is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks often occur in clusters which typically last for weeks or months and occasionally more than a year.

A medication overuse headache (MOH), also known as a rebound headache, usually occurs when painkillers are taken frequently to relieve headaches. These cases are often referred to as painkiller headaches. Rebound headaches frequently occur daily, can be very painful and are a common cause of chronic daily headache. They typically occur in patients with an underlying headache disorder such as migraine or tension-type headache that "transforms" over time from an episodic condition to chronic daily headache due to excessive intake of acute headache relief medications. MOH is a serious, disabling and well-characterized disorder, which represents a worldwide problem and is now considered the third-most prevalent type of headache. The proportion of patients in the population with Chronic Daily Headache (CDH) who overuse acute medications ranges from 18% to 33%. The prevalence of medication overuse headache (MOH) varies depending on the population studied and diagnostic criteria used. However, it is estimated that MOH affects approximately 1-2% of the general population, but its relative frequency is much higher in secondary and tertiary care.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sumatriptan</span> Medication used for migraines & cluster headaches

Sumatriptan, sold under the brand name Imitrex among others, is a medication used to treat migraine headaches and cluster headaches. It is taken orally, intranasally, or by subcutaneous injection. Therapeutic effects generally occur within three hours.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triptan</span> Class of pharmaceutical drugs

Triptans are a family of tryptamine-based drugs used as abortive medication in the treatment of migraines and cluster headaches. This drug class was first commercially introduced in the 1990s. While effective at treating individual headaches, they do not provide preventive treatment and are not considered a cure. They are not effective for the treatment of tension–type headache, except in persons who also experience migraines. Triptans do not relieve other kinds of pain.

Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) is a severe debilitating unilateral headache usually affecting the area around the eye. It normally consists of multiple severe, yet short, headache attacks affecting only one side of the cranium. Retrospective surveys indicated that paroxysmal hemicrania was more common in women. However, subsequent prospective research showed an equal prevalence between females and males, with a ratio close to 1:1. Unlike in migraine, it has no neurological symptoms associated with it. CPH headaches are treated through the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with indomethacin found to be especially effective in eliminating symptoms.

The Nociceptive trigeminal inhibition tension suppression system, is a type of occlusal splint that is claimed to prevent headache and migraine by reducing sleep bruxism. Sleep bruxism is purported to lead to a hyperactivity of the trigeminal nerve, often triggering typical migraine events. The hyperactivity of trigeminal neurons during trigemino-nociceptive stimulation is a proposed cause of migraine and is correlated with imaging of migraine sufferers. The objective of the NTI-TSS is to relax the muscles involved in clenching and bruxing, thus supposedly diminishing the chances for migraines and tension headaches to develop through the reduction in nociceptive stimulation normally caused by parafunctional activity. It is sometimes used for temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science</span> Private nonprofit university focused on biomedical research and graduate-level education.

The Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science (MCCMS), formerly known as Mayo Clinic College of Medicine (MCCM), is a private postgraduate-only research university based in Rochester, Minnesota, United States that trains physicians, scientists, and allied health professionals. The college is part of the Mayo Clinic academic medical center and is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission (HLC). MCCMS consists of five schools that offer M.D., Ph.D., and other degrees, as well as medical residencies, fellowships, and continuing medical education (CME).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calcitonin gene-related peptide</span> Peptide hormone in animals

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a member of the calcitonin family of peptides consisting of calcitonin, amylin, adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 (intermedin) and calcitonin‑receptor‑stimulating peptide. Calcitonin is mainly produced by thyroid C cells whilst CGRP is secreted and stored in the nervous system. This peptide, in humans, exists in two forms: CGRP alpha, and CGRP beta. α-CGRP is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide and is formed by alternative splicing of the calcitonin/CGRP gene located on chromosome 11. β-CGRP is less studied. In humans, β-CGRP differs from α-CGRP by three amino acids and is encoded in a separate, nearby gene. The CGRP family includes calcitonin (CT), adrenomedullin (AM), and amylin (AMY).

Vestibular migraine (VM) is vertigo with migraine, either as a symptom of migraine or as a related neurological disorder.

Preventive treatment of migraine can be an important component of migraine management. The goals of preventive therapy are to reduce the frequency, painfulness, and/or duration of migraine attacks, and to increase the effectiveness of abortive therapy. Another reason to pursue prevention is to avoid medication overuse headache (MOH), otherwise known as rebound headache, which can arise from overuse of pain medications, and can result in chronic daily headache. Preventive treatments of migraine include medications, nutritional supplements, lifestyle alterations, and surgery. Prevention is recommended in those who have headaches more than two days a week, cannot tolerate the medications used to treat acute attacks, or those with severe attacks that are not easily controlled.

The trigeminovascular system (TVS) refers to neurons and their axonal projections within the trigeminal nerve that project to the cranial meninges and meningeal blood vessels residing on the brain's surface. The term, introduced in 1983 denotes also the neuropeptides contained within axons that are released into the meninges to target vessels and surrounding cells.

Abdominal migraine(AM) is a functional disorder that usually manifests in childhood and adolescence, without a clear pathologic mechanism or biochemical irregularity. Children frequently experience sporadic episodes of excruciating central abdominal pain accompanied by migrainous symptoms like nausea, vomiting, severe headaches, and general pallor. Abdominal migraine can be diagnosed based on clinical criteria and the exclusion of other disorders.

Migraine may be treated either prophylactic (preventive) or abortive (rescue) or acute. Because migraine is an complex condition, there are various preventive treatments which have their effect by disrupting different links in the chain of events that occur during a migraine attack. As rescue treatments also target and disrupt different processes occurring during migraine, these are summarized, with their relative merits and demerits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frank Clifford Rose</span> English neurologist

Frank Clifford Rose was a British neurologist, active in several journals and societies related to the specialty of neurology and its history, whose research contributed to the understanding of motor neurone disease, stroke and migraine. He developed an emergency stroke ambulance service with early neuroimaging, allowing for the detection of early reversible brain damage. In 1974, he established what would later be known as the Princess Margaret Migraine Clinic, a specialist clinic for headache at Charing Cross Hospital, where in 1965 he became their first appointed consultant neurologist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messoud Ashina</span> Messoud Ashina is a Danish-Azerbaijani neuroscientist

Messoud Ashina is a Danish-Azerbaijani neurologist and neuroscientist. He is currently Professor of Neurology at the University of Copenhagen and Senior Consultant of Neurology at Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet. He leads the Human Migraine Research Unit at the Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet. Ashina is also Director of the Danish Knowledge Center on Headache Disorders and Past President of the International Headache Society. As of 2024, Ashina is ranked as the world's leading expert on headache disorders by Expertscape.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">W. Bruce Fye</span> American physician

Wallace Bruce Fye is an American retired cardiologist, medical historian, writer, bibliophile and philanthropist. He is emeritus professor of medicine and the history of medicine at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, and was the founding director of the institution's W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine.

A migrainous infarction is a rare type of ischaemic stroke which occurs in correspondence with migraine aura symptoms. Symptoms include headaches, visual disturbances, strange sensations and dysphasia, all of which gradually worsen causing neurological changes which ultimately increase the risk of an ischaemic stroke. Typically, women under the age of 45 who experience migraine with aura (MA) are at the greatest risk for developing migrainous infarction, especially when combined with smoking and use of oral contraceptives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy</span> Medical condition

Recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy (RPON), previously known as ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM), is a rare neurological disorder that is characterized by repeated headache attacks and reversible ipsilateral paresis of one or more ocular cranial nerves (CN). Oculomotor nerve (CNIII) is by far the most common cranial nerve involves in RPON, while abducens nerve (CNVI) and trochlear nerve (CNIV) involvements are also reported. Globally, RPON was estimated to have an annual incidence rate of 0.7 per million as of 1990, no further epidemiological studies have been conducted. It occurs more often in children and females.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "A Message from the President: My teachers" (PDF). The Oslerian. 23 (1): 1–3. June 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Christopher J. Boes, M.D." Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on June 9, 2023. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  3. ↑ Blistein, David; Burns, Ken (2018). "3. The early years". The Mayo Clinic: Faith, Hope, Science. Rosetta Books. p. 132. ISBN   978-0-7953-5168-6.
  4. ↑ Beattie, B. Lynn (2018). "62. Nutrition and metabolism". In Michel, Jean-Pierre; Beattie, B. Lynn; Martin, Finbarr C.; Walston, Jeremy D. (eds.). Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 475. ISBN   978-0-19-870159-0.
  5. ↑ Ramachanderan, Raghavendra; Schramm, Stefan; Schaefer, Bernd (April 3, 2023). "Migraine drugs". ChemTexts. 9 (2): 6. doi:10.1007/s40828-023-00178-5. hdl: 20.500.11850/608924 . ISSN   2199-3793. S2CID   257903135.
  6. ↑ Boes, Christopher J.; Burkholder, David B.; Coon, Elizabeth A.; Cutsforth-Gregory, Jeremy K.; Klaas, James P.; Jones, Lyell K. (October 2020). "Reciprocal Development and Progressive Responsibility: The History of the Mayo Clinic Neurology Residency". Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes. 4 (5): 478–498. doi:10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.06.006. PMC   7557208 . PMID   33083697.
  7. ↑ Wijdicks, Eelco F. M. (2022). "3. The neurologist in film". Neurocinema—The Sequel: A History of Neurology on Screen. CRC Press. pp. 55–58. ISBN   978-1-000-54916-4.
  8. ↑ Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (PDF). March 10, 2023. p. 4.
  9. ↑ Coon, Elizabeth Anne; Smith, Kelsey M.; Boes, Christopher J. (May 17, 2022). "Dr. Betty Clements: Breaking Gender Barriers in the Air Force and Neurology" . Neurology. 98 (20): 841–846. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000200322. ISSN   1526-632X. PMID   35292557. S2CID   247475183.
  10. ↑ Eadie, Mervyn J. (2012). "7. The trigeminal autonomic cephalagias". Headache: Through the Centuries. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 197–226. ISBN   978-0-19-986097-5.
  11. ↑ Boes, C. J.; Capobianco, D. J.; Matharu, M. S.; Goadsby, P. J. (May 2002). "Wilfred Harris' early description of cluster headache". Cephalalgia: An International Journal of Headache. 22 (4): 320–326. doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.2002.00360.x. ISSN   0333-1024. PMID   12100097. S2CID   25747361.
  12. ↑ Eadie, Mervyn J. (2012). "4. Migraine: Clinical phenomenon". Headache: Through the Centuries. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 197. ISBN   978-0-19-986097-5.
  13. ↑ Fischer, MA; Jan, A (January 2023). "Medication-Overuse Headache". StatPearls. PMID   30844177.
  14. ↑ Koehler, P. J.; Boes, C. J. (August 1, 2010). "A history of non-drug treatment in headache, particularly migraine". Brain. 133 (8): 2489–2500. doi:10.1093/brain/awq170. PMID   20639545.
  15. ↑ Hudspeth, Robert N.; Witherall, Elizabeth Hall; Xie, Lihong, eds. (2018). "Letters 1849-1856". The Correspondence of Henry D. Thoreau: Volume 2: 1849-1856. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN   978-0-691-17058-9.
  16. ↑ Eadie, Mervyn J. (2012). "6. The treatment of migraine". Headache: Through the Centuries. Oxford University Press. p. 196. ISBN   978-0-19-986098-2.
  17. ↑ Christopherson, Emily. "LibGuides: W. Bruce Fye Center For the History of Medicine: Home". libraryguides.mayo.edu. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
  18. ↑ Barr, Justin (July 1, 2018). "The Education of American Surgeons and the Rise of Surgical Residencies, 1930-1960". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 73 (3): 274–302. doi: 10.1093/jhmas/jrx058 . ISSN   1468-4373. PMID   29408971. highlights the oft-ignored but seminal importance of the Mayo Clinic in the history of graduate medical education in this country.
  19. ↑ Weatherall, MW (November 5, 2021). "From "Transient Hemiopsia" to Migraine Aura". Vision. 5 (4): 54. doi: 10.3390/vision5040054 . PMC   8628937 . PMID   34842837.
  20. ↑ Scott, Ann; Eadie, Mervyn; Lees, Andrew (2012). William Richard Gowers 1845-1915: Exploring the Victorian Brain. OUP Oxford. p. 10. ISBN   978-0-19-163702-5.
  21. ↑ "A Message from the President" (PDF). The Oslerian. 23 (3): 1–5. November 2022.
  22. ↑ "Christopher J. Boes, M.D." Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on June 15, 2023. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  23. ↑ "Recognition Awards". www.aan.com. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  24. ↑ "Awards History". www.aan.com. Archived from the original on June 18, 2023. Retrieved June 18, 2023.
  25. ↑ Kung, Justin W.; Bishop, Pauline M.; Slanetz, Priscilla J.; Eisenberg, Ronald L. (2014). "3. Neurology". Tips for the Residency Match: What Residency Directors Are Really Looking For. John Wiley & Sons. p. 87. ISBN   978-1-118-86094-6.
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