Volcanology of Canada includes lava flows, lava plateaus, lava domes, cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, submarine volcanoes, calderas, diatremes, and maars, along with examples of more less common volcanic forms such as tuyas and subglacial mounds. It has a very complex volcanological history spanning from the Precambrian eon at least 3.11 billion years ago when this part of the North American continent began to form.
The Lake Timiskaming kimberlite field is Canada's southernmost kimberlite field, located in Northeastern Ontario and western Quebec, Canada. It is within the Lake Timiskaming Structural Zone which contains over 50 kimberlite pipes, several of which are diamondiferous. The Lake Timiskaming kimberlite field formed about 147 million years ago when the North American Plate moved westward over the long-lived New England hotspot, also referred to as the Great Meteor hotspot.
The Elwin Bay diatreme, also called the Elwin Bay kimberlite, is a small post-Silurian diatreme located approximately 1 km (0.62 mi) south of Elwin Bay at the eastern margin of Somerset Island, Nunavut, Canada. It has a diameter of 200 m (656 ft).
The Phoenix pipe is a diatreme associated with the Birch Mountains kimberlite field in northern Alberta, Canada. It is thought to have formed about 75 million years ago when this part of Alberta was volcanically active during the Late Cretaceous period.
The Valkyrie pipe is a diatreme in northern Alberta, Canada. It is associated with a group of diatremes called the Birch Mountains kimberlite field which is thought to have formed about 75 million years ago when this part of Alberta was volcanically active during the Late Cretaceous period.
The Attawapiskat kimberlite field is a field of kimberlite pipes located astride the Attawapiskat River in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, in Northern Ontario, Canada. It is thought to have formed about 180 million years ago in the Jurassic period when the North American Plate moved westward over a centre of upwelling magma called the New England hotspot, also referred to as the Great Meteor hotspot.
The Legend pipe is a diatreme associated with the Birch Mountains kimberlite field in northern Alberta, Canada. It is thought to have formed about 75 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period.
The Xena pipe is a diatreme associated with the Birch Mountains kimberlite field in northern Alberta, Canada. It is thought to have formed about 75 million years ago when this part of Alberta was volcanically active during the Late Cretaceous period.
The Dragon pipe is a diatreme associated with the Birch Mountains kimberlite field in northern Alberta, Canada. It is thought to have formed about 75 million years ago when this part of Alberta was volcanically active during the Late Cretaceous period.
The Buffalo Head Hills kimberlite field is a group of kimberlitic volcanic pipes or diatremes in north-central Alberta, Canada. As of 2011, 41 kimberlite pipes, of which 28 are diamondiferous, had been identified in the field. They were emplaced during Late Cretaceous to early Paleocene time.
The Birch Mountains kimberlite field is a cluster of kimberlitic volcanic pipes or diatremes in north-central Alberta, Canada that were emplaced during a period of kimberlitic volcanism in the Late Cretaceous epoch. As of 2011, 8 diatremes had been discovered in the field, and diamonds and microdiamononds had been recovered during sampling programs.
The Fort à la Corne kimberlite field is a 104- to 95-million-year-old diamond-bearing kimberlite field in east-central Saskatchewan, Canada. Its kimberlite pipes are among the most complete examples in the world, preserving maar-shaped craters.
The Northern Alberta Kimberlite Province (NAKP) consists of three groups of diatremes or volcanic pipes in north-central Alberta, Canada, most of which are kimberlites and some of which are diamondiferous. They are called the Birch Mountains (BM), Buffalo Head Hills (BHH), and the Mountain Lake cluster (ML), and they were discovered between about 1990 and 1997. Most of the diatremes were emplaced during the Late Cretaceous Epoch although a few are as young as early Paleocene.
K19 pipe is a diatreme in the southwestern part of the Buffalo Head Hills kimberlite field in Northern Alberta, Canada. It is thought to have formed about 60 million years ago, making it one of the youngest volcanic formations in the Buffalo Head Hills kimberlite field and in Alberta. Unlike many other diatremes in the Buffalo Head Hills kimberlite field, it contains low diamond content.
The Lac de Gras kimberlite field is a group of Late Cretaceous to Eocene age diatremes in the Northwest Territories, Canada.
The Kirkland Lake kimberlite field is a 165 to 152 million year old kimberlite field in the Kirkland Lake area of northeastern Ontario, Canada.
The Mountain Lake cluster consists of two diatremes or volcanic pipes in Northern Alberta, Canada. It was emplaced during a period of kimberlite volcanism in the Late Cretaceous epoch.
Volcanology of Western Canada includes lava flows, lava plateaus, lava domes, cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, submarine volcanoes, calderas, diatremes and maars, along with examples of more less common volcanic forms such as tuyas and subglacial mounds.
The Great Meteor hotspot track, also referred to as the New England hotspot track, is a vast trail of hotspot magmatism in the Northern Hemisphere. It extends over 5,800 km (3,604 mi) from Nunavut in Northern Canada to the northern Atlantic Ocean. Volcanism in the hotspot track was produced by the New England or Great Meteor hotspot, with the oldest magmatic activity dating back at least 214 million years ago during the Late Triassic period. This makes the Great Meteor track one of the oldest hotspot tracks on Earth. It contains over 80 volcanoes, with the most recognizable ones located in the Atlantic Ocean where they form seamounts.
The Taltson Magmatic Zone (TMZ) is a north-trending belt of Archean to Paleoproterozoic granitic basement gneiss, amphibolite supracrustal gneissic rock and Paleoproterozoic magmatic rocks in the Canadian Shield, extending from Northern Alberta to the southwestern Northwest Territories. The TMZ basement is 3.2–3.0 Ga and the Rutledge River supracrustal gneisses 2.13–2.09 Ga years old and were intruded by magmatic rocks around 1.99–1.92 Ga.
