Euroscepticism, also spelled as Euroskepticism or EU-scepticism, is a political position involving criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration. It ranges from those who oppose some EU institutions and policies and seek reform, to those who oppose EU membership and see the EU as unreformable. The opposite of Euroscepticism is known as pro-Europeanism.
The Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party is a Christian-democratic political party in San Marino.
The Popular Alliance was a liberal-centrist political party in San Marino. The party formed a coalition with the Union for the Republic for the 2016 Sammarinese general election, and following their electoral success the two parties created a new party, Future Republic.
The Party of Socialists and Democrats is a social-democratic and democratic socialist political party in San Marino. It is a member of the Socialist International, and observer member of the Party of European Socialists. It is the only Sammarinese party with a reference to the European Union in its official political symbol. Its current-day Italian counterpart is the Democratic Party.
United Left was a left-wing political party in San Marino.
The Socialist Party is a moderate social-democratic political party in San Marino. The party was founded on 30 May 2012 as a merger of the New Socialist Party and Sammarinese Reformist Socialist Party.
Slovakia, known as Ordinary People and Independent Personalities until 2023, is a conservative political party in Slovakia. Founded in 2011 by former businessman Igor Matovič, the party has been characterized primarily as populist, championing anti-corruption, anti-elitist and anti-establishment sentiments.
Croatian Democratic Alliance of Slavonia and Baranja is a regionalist, National conservative political party in the Eastern Croatian region of Slavonia. Until 2015, the HdSSB was considered right-wing populist.
The Radical Party of Oleh Liashko, formerly known as the Ukrainian Radical-Democratic Party, is a political party in Ukraine. It was registered in September 2010. It was primarily known for its radical populism, especially in 2014, when it had its largest amount of support.
The centre-left coalition is a political alliance of political parties in Italy active under several forms and names since 1995, when The Olive Tree was formed under the leadership of Romano Prodi. The centre-left coalition has ruled the country for more than fifteen years between 1996 and 2021; to do so, it had mostly to rely on a big tent that went from the more radical left-wing, which had more weight between 1996 and 2008, to the political centre, which had more weight during the 2010s, and its main parties were also part of grand coalitions and national unity governments.
The RETE Movement is a political party in San Marino.
For a Humane Latvia, previously known as Who Owns the State?, is a right-wing populist political party in Latvia. Since 2022, its a member of the Union for Latvia alliance together with the Heritage of the Fatherland party.
Volya Movement is a right-wing populist political party in Bulgaria. Before 2016, it was known variously as Today and Liberal Alliance. The party was established by Bulgarian businessman Veselin Mareshki, ostensibly on principles of anti-corruption and anti-elitism.
Pasokification is the decline of centre-left, social-democratic political parties in European and other Western countries during the 2010s, often accompanied by the rise of nationalist, left-wing and right-wing populist alternatives. In Europe, the share of votes for centre-left parties was at its 70-year lowest in 2015.
Democratic Socialist Left was a political party in San Marino, founded as an electoral list for the 2016 general election, including United Left, Progressives and Reformists and Democratic Laboratory. The three parties officially merged into a single party in November 2017. The party was dissolved on 30 December 2020 to merge into with Libera San Marino.
General elections were held in San Marino on 8 December 2019.
Alternativa is a populist and Eurosceptic political party in Italy. It was established in February 2021 as a parliamentary sub-group of the Mixed Group named L'Alternativa c'è. Its members are former deputies of the Five Star Movement who were expelled from the party for having voted against Mario Draghi's government.
The Libera San Marino is a political party in San Marino, founded on 14 November 2020.
Valence populism is a form of populism linked to political parties or politicians whose positions cannot be clearly placed on the left–right political spectrum and mainly promote valence issues that are widely approved by voters. Such popular valence issues include anti-corruption, government transparency, democratic reform, and moral integrity. Valence populism is associated with anti-establishment sentiment and lacks a consistent ideology, unlike left-wing or right-wing populism.
