| Cnestus gravidus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Infraorder: | Cucujiformia |
| Family: | Curculionidae |
| Genus: | Cnestus |
| Species: | C. gravidus |
| Binomial name | |
| Cnestus gravidus (Blanford, 1898) | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Cnestus gravidus is a species of weevil found in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and China. [1] [2]
Average body length is about 5.0 to 5.5 mm. Body with a bicolored pronotum where the apical half is black and basal half is orange. Procoxae is subcontiguous. Antennae with four funicle segments and obliquely truncate club. The first antennal segment forms a circular costa. Coarse median pair of asperities are found on the anterior margin of the pronotum. Protibiae consists with 7 socketed teeth. [3] There is a mesonotal mycangial tuft found on the pronotal base. Elytral disc is short and elytral declivity is obliquely truncate. Elytral interstriae is granulate with a median row of long erect hairs. [1] [4]
Ambrosia beetles are beetles of the weevil subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae, which live in nutritional symbiosis with ambrosia fungi. The beetles excavate tunnels in dead or stressed trees in which they cultivate fungal gardens, their sole source of nutrition. After landing on a suitable tree, an ambrosia beetle excavates a tunnel in which it releases its fungal symbiont. The fungus penetrates the plant's xylem tissue, extracts nutrients from it, and concentrates the nutrients on and near the surface of the beetle gallery. Ambrosia fungi are typically poor wood degraders, and instead utilize less demanding nutrients. Symbiotic fungi produce and detoxify ethanol, which is an attractant for ambrosia beetles and likely prevents growth of antagonistic pathogens and selects for other beneficial symbionts. The majority of ambrosia beetles colonize xylem of recently dead trees, but some attack stressed trees that are still alive, and a few species attack healthy trees. Species differ in their preference for different parts of trees, different stages of deterioration, and in the shape of their tunnels ("galleries"). However, the majority of ambrosia beetles are not specialized to any taxonomic group of hosts, unlike most phytophagous organisms including the closely related bark beetles. One species of ambrosia beetle, Austroplatypus incompertus exhibits eusociality, one of the few organisms outside of Hymenoptera and Isoptera to do so.
Xyleborus glabratus, the redbay ambrosia beetle, is a type of ambrosia beetle invasive in the United States. It has been documented as the primary vector of Raffaelea lauricola, the fungus that causes laurel wilt, a disease that can kill several North American tree species in the family Lauraceae, including redbay, sassafras, and avocado.
Cnestus mutilatus, commonly known as the camphor shot borer, camphor shoot borer, or sweetgum ambrosia beetle, is a species of ambrosia beetle in the subfamily Scolytinae of the weevil family Curculionidae. It is native to Asia, but has been established as an invasive species in the United States since 1999.
Euwallacea interjectus, is a species of weevil native to Asia but introduced to Westerns parts of the world.
Genyocerus albipennis, is a species of weevil endemic to Sri Lanka.
Sueus niisimai, is a species of weevil found in India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Malaysia and Indonesia. It is also found in Australia and Fiji, presumably introduced.
Xyleborinus andrewesi, is a species of weevil widely distributed throughout the Old World tropics and introduced to many New World countries.
Xyleborinus exiguus, is a species of weevil widely distributed throughout the Old World tropics and introduced to African and South American countries.
Xylosandrus arquatus, is a species of weevil endemic to Sri Lanka.
Debus emarginatus, is a species of weevil widely distributed throughout the Old World tropics.
Xylosandrus discolor, is a species of weevil found in Australia, Micronesia, Myanmar, China, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan and Thailand.
Xylosandrus mancus, is a species of weevil found in Afrotropical and Oriental regions.
Xylosandrus morigerus, is a species of weevil widespread throughout Afrotropical, Australian, Neotropical, Oceania and Oriental regions. It is also introduced to Palearctic regional countries.
Xylosandrus pygmaeus, is a species of weevil found in Indonesia, Malaysia and Sri Lanka.
Euwallacea perbrevis, commonly known as tea shot-hole borer, is a species of weevil native to South and South-East Asia through to Australia, but introduced to Western countries.
Arixyleborus malayensis, is a species of weevil found in India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Malaysia, Vietnam and Indonesia. This is the only species of Arixyleborus found in Japan and China.
Arixyleborus mediosectus, is a species of weevil found in India, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Myanmar, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia: Sumatra and Vietnam.
Arixyleborus rugosipes, is a species of weevil native to India, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Malaysia, Borneo, Vietnam, Indonesia, and in Australia, Japan, Korea, New Zealand as an exotic species.
Diuncus haberkorni, is a species of weevil found in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Taiwan, Java, Japan, Malaysia, New Guinea, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is also imported to African countried such as South Africa, and Tanzania.
Ambrosiella roeperi is the fungal symbiont of the granulate ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, facilitating this insect’s capacity to accumulate on and damage a diverse array of woody plants from around the world. It is one of several important nutritional partners derived from order Microascales that sustain and are transported by xylomycetophagous scolytine beetles.