The South Island is the largest of the three major islands of New Zealand in surface area,the other being the smaller but more populous North Island and sparsely populated Stewart Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait,to the west by the Tasman Sea,to the south by the Foveaux Strait and Southern Ocean,and to the east by the Pacific Ocean. The South Island covers 150,437 square kilometres (58,084 sq mi),making it the world's 12th-largest island,constituting 56% of New Zealand's land area. At low altitudes,it has an oceanic climate. The major centres are Christchurch,with a metropolitan population of 521,881,and the smaller Dunedin. The economy relies on agriculture,fishing,tourism,and general manufacturing and services.
Christchurch is the largest city in the South Island and the second-largest city by urban area population in New Zealand. Christchurch has a population of 396,200 and is located in the Canterbury Region,near the centre of the east coast of the South Island,east of the Canterbury Plains. It is located near the southern end of Pegasus Bay,and is bounded to the east by the Pacific Ocean and to the south by the ancient volcanic complex of the Banks Peninsula. The Avon River (Ōtākoro) winds through the centre of the city,with a large urban park along its banks. With the exception of the Port Hills,it is a relatively flat city,on an average around 20 m (66 ft) above sea level. Christchurch has a reputation for being an English city,with its architectural identity and nickname the 'Garden City' due to similarities with garden cities in England. Christchurch has a temperate oceanic climate with regular moderate rainfall.
Ecological engineering uses ecology and engineering to predict,design,construct or restore,and manage ecosystems that integrate "human society with its natural environment for the benefit of both".
The Waiau River is the largest river in the Southland region of New Zealand. 'Waiau' translates to 'River of Swirling Currents'. It is the outflow of Lake Te Anau,flowing from it into Lake Manapouri 10 kilometres (6 mi) to the south,and from there flows south for 70 kilometres (43 mi) before reaching the Foveaux Strait 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Tuatapere. It also takes water from Lake Monowai.
Bair Island is a marsh area in Redwood City,California,covering 3,000 acres (1,200 ha),and includes three islands:Inner,Middle and Outer islands. Bair Island is part of the larger Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge. It is surrounded by the Steinberger slough to the northwest and Redwood Creek to the southeast.
An ecological island is a term used in New Zealand,and increasingly in Australia,to refer to an area of land isolated by natural or artificial means from the surrounding land,where a natural micro-habitat exists amidst a larger differing ecosystem. In New Zealand the term is used to refer to one of several types of nationally protected areas.
Andrew Drummond is a New Zealand painter and sculptor. He attended University of Waterloo in Canada,graduating in 1976. He was a Frances Hodgkins Fellow in 1980.
Dipor Bil,also spelled Deepor Beel,is located to the south-west of Guwahati city,in Kamrup Metropolitan district of Assam,India. It is a permanent freshwater lake,in a former channel of the Brahmaputra River,to the south of the main river. In 1989,4.1 km²of the area was declared a wildlife sanctuary by the Government of Assam. It is listed as a wetland under the Ramsar Convention which designated the lake as a Ramsar Site in November 2002 for undertaking conservation measures on the basis of its biological and environmental importance.
Wilding conifers,also known as wilding pines,are invasive trees in the high country of New Zealand. Millions of dollars are spent on controlling their spread.
Wetland conservation is aimed at protecting and preserving areas of land including marshes,swamps,bogs,and fens that are covered by water seasonally or permanently due to a variety of threats from both natural and anthropogenic hazards. Some examples of these hazards include habitat loss,pollution,and invasive species. Wetland vary widely in their salinity levels,climate zones,and surrounding geography and play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity,ecosystem services,and support human communities. Wetlands cover at least six percent of the Earth and have become a focal issue for conservation due to the ecosystem services they provide. More than three billion people,around half the world's population,obtain their basic water needs from inland freshwater wetlands. They provide essential habitats for fish and various wildlife species,playing a vital role in purifying polluted waters and mitigating the damaging effects of floods and storms. Furthermore,they offer a diverse range of recreational activities,including fishing,hunting,photography,and wildlife observation.
Travis Wetland is a wetland in the suburb of Burwood in Christchurch,New Zealand. An ecological restoration programme is being undertaken to restore the wetland. It covers 116 ha of land formerly drained and used as a dairy farm. In 2009 it won the "Urban Sustainability" category in the Green Ribbon Awards awarded by the Minister for the Environment.
The Estuary of the Heathcote and Avon Rivers / Ihutai is the largest semi-enclosed shallow estuary in Canterbury and remains one of New Zealand's most important coastal wetlands. It is well known as an internationally important habitat for migratory birds,and it is an important recreational playground and educational resource. It was once highly valued for mahinga kai.
Bushy Park is a native forest reserve and bird sanctuary located in the Manawatū-Whanganui region of the North Island of New Zealand. The reserve is located eight kilometres (5.0 mi) inland from Kai Iwi and has an area of approximately 99 hectares,including the Bushy Park Homestead and grounds. The forest has a diverse range of native plant species,with canopy trees including northern rātā,rimu,tawa,and pukatea. In 1962,the forest was gifted to the Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand by the former owner G. F. Moore,along with the homestead and its surrounds. The reserve is now managed by the Bushy Park Trust,in partnership with Forest &Bird and local iwi NgāRauru Kītahi. The forest reserve and homestead were renamed as Bushy Park Tarapuruhi in 2019.
Eco-socialism is an ideology merging aspects of socialism with that of green politics,ecology and alter-globalization or anti-globalization. Eco-socialists generally believe that the expansion of the capitalist system is the cause of social exclusion,poverty,war and environmental degradation through globalization and imperialism,under the supervision of repressive states and transnational structures.
Diane Jean Lucas is a New Zealand landscape architect and environmental planner known for her conservation works,and particularly in and around Christchurch,Banks Peninsula and the Canterbury Plains and South Island High Country. She is a strong advocate for the protection of natural and indigenous ecosystems,and sustainable rural management.
Barbara Jean Mitcalfe née Fougère was a New Zealand conservationist,botanist and educator. She is best known for being an expert field botanist,for her conservation work in and around the Wellington region,and for helping to establish the first Māori preschool.
Beverley Rae Clarkson is a New Zealand botanist,ecologist and wetland researcher and conservationist. She is best known for her research into and her conservation work with New Zealand wetlands. In 2021,the city of Hamilton awarded her the Hamilton-Kirikiroa Medal. In the same year Clarkson was awarded the New Zealand conservation award,the Loder Cup.
Philip Simon Mauger is a politician and former businessman who has served as the Mayor of Christchurch since 2022.
Ferrymead Regional Park is a regional park in Christchurch,New Zealand,near the mouth of the Ōpāwaho / Heathcote River. The park is adjacent to Ferrymead Heritage Park,and the Ferrymead Railway runs through the eastern section of the park.
The Edmonds Band Rotunda is a rotunda in Christchurch,New Zealand. Created by baking powder manufacturer Thomas Edmonds in 1929 to celebrate his 50th year of living in the city,it was used initially as a place for brass bands to play music. It was converted to a restaurant in the 1980s. The 2010 and 2011 Christchurch earthquakes caused significant damage to the rotunda,and it had to be deconstructed. After being rebuilt,the rotunda re-opened in 2021 and is now used for performances.
