Comparison of memory cards

Last updated

This table provides summary of comparison of various flash memory cards, as of 2017.

Contents

Common information

Unless otherwise indicated, all images are to scale.
Card familyStandards organizationsVarietiesEntry dateMaximum commercially available capacityPicture [1] Main features
CompactFlash SanDisk I1994512  GB (CF5 128*250 bytes) Compactflash-512mb.png Thinner (3.3 mm), flash only, now up to 512  GB, although standard goes up to 128  PB since CF 5.0 [2]
IIThicker (5.0 mm), older flash, but usually Microdrives, up to 128 PiB [2]
CFexpress CompactFlash Association 1.020171 TB Delkin CFexpress.png CFexpress Type B: XQD form factor (38.5x29.8x3.8mm), PCIe 3.0 x2 (1.97 GB/s), NVMe
2.02019?CFexpress Type A: 20x28x2.8mm, PCIe 3.0 x1 (1.0 GB/s), NVMe [3]

CFexpress Type C: 54x74x4.8mm, PCIe 3.0 x4 (4.0 GB/s), NVMe [3]

----PCIe 3.0 x8 (8,0 GB/s), NVMe
SmartMedia Toshiba 3.3/5 V1995128 MB Smartmedia card.jpg Very slim (45.0×37.0×0.76 mm), no wear leveling controller, up to 128 MB. This particular example shows the write protect sticker (the silver disc).
MultiMediaCard Siemens AG, SanDisk MMC 199716 GB MMC.png Slim and small (24×32×1.4 mm), up to 16 GB
RS-MMC/MMC Mobile2003/200516 GB RS-MMC.png Compact (24×18×1.4 mm), up to 16 GB
MMCplus200516 GB MMCplus.jpg Compact (24×32×1.4 mm), swifter, optional DRM, up to 16 GB
MMCmicro20054 GB Mmc-micro.PNG Subcompact (14×12×1.1 mm), optional DRM, 16 MB to 4 GB
Secure Digital SanDisk, Panasonic, Toshiba, Kodak, SD Association SD 19992 GB [4] Secure Digital Kingston 512MB.png Small (32×24×2.1 mm), DRM, up to 2 GB. [4] (2 GB cards use larger block sizes and may not be compatible with some host devices. See Article)
miniSD 20032 GB [4] MiniSD Card 256MB.png Compact (15×11×1 mm), DRM, up to 2 GB. [4] (2 GB cards use larger block sizes and may not be compatible with some host devices. See Article)
microSD 20052 GB [4] MicroSD card.jpg Subcompact (15×11×1 mm), DRM, up to 2 GB. [4] (2 GB cards use larger block sizes and may not be compatible with some host devices. See Article)
SDHC 200632 GB [4] SDHC memory card 8GB.png Same build as SD but greater capacity and transfer speed, 4 GB to 32 GB (not compatible with older host devices).
miniSDHC 200832 GB [4] SecureDigitalCard Mini.svg Same build as miniSD but greater capacity and transfer speed, 4 GB to 32 GB. 8 GB is largest in early-2011 (not compatible with older host devices).
microSDHC 200732 GB [4] MicroSDHC-Card.gif Same build as microSD but greater capacity and transfer speed, 4 GB to 32 GB. [5] (not compatible with older host devices)
SDXC 20091 TB Crystal128-sd-mmc-unmount.svg Same build as SD/SDHC, but greater capacity and transfer speed, 32 GB and higher. Standard goes up to 2 TB (not compatible with older host devices).
microSDXC 20092 TB [6] MicroSD Card Bottom.svg Same build as microSD/microSDHC, but greater capacity and transfer speed, 32 GB and higher. Standard goes up to 2 TB (not compatible with older host devices).
SDUC 2018not yet available Crystal128-sd-mmc-unmount.svg Same build as SD/SDHC/SDXC, but greater capacity and transfer speed. Standard goes up to 128 TB (not compatible with older host devices).
Memory Stick Sony, SanDisk Standard1998128 MB Memory Stick 64MB.png Slim and narrow (50×21.5×2.8 mm), optional DRM, up to 128 MB
PRO20034 GB Memory stick.jpg
(not to scale)		Slim and narrow (50×21.5×2.8 mm), swifter, optional DRM, up to 4 GB
Duo2003128 MB MemoryStickDuo32MB.jpg Compact (31×20×1.6 mm), optional DRM, up to 128 MB
PRO Duo2002-200632 GB MS-PRO-DUO.JPG Compact (31×20×1.6 mm), optional DRM, up to 32 GB
PRO-HG Duo2007-200832 GB SDMSHX3-008G-J31.jpg Compact (31×20×1.6 mm), swifter, optional DRM, up to 32 GB
Micro (M2)200616 GB Sony Memory Stick Micro M2 - 1GB-0423.jpg Subcompact (15×12.5×1.2 mm), optional DRM, up to 16 GB
Sony PS Vita Memory Card201264 GB Sony Playstation Vita Memory Card 16GB.jpg Subcompact (15×12.5×1.6 mm [7] ), compulsory DRM, up to 64 GB, proprietary (can be used on PS Vita only)
P2 (storage media) Panasonic MicroP2 201264 GBMicroP2 is a SDXC/SDHC card conforming to UHS-II (Ultra High Speed bus), and can be read by common SDHC/SDXC card readers.
xD Olympus, Fujifilm, SonyStandard2002-2007512 MB XD card 16M Fujifilm front.png Slim and small (20×25×1.78 mm), electrically identical to SmartMedia, no wear-leveling controller, up to 512 MB [8]
Type M20052 GB XD card typeM 1G Fujifilm.png Slim and small (20×25×1.78 mm) but slower read/write, no wear-leveling controller, up to 2 GB [8]
Type H20052 GB XD card typeH 512M Olympus.png Slim and small (20×25×1.78 mm) and swifter, no wear-leveling controller, up to 2 GB [8]
XQD card Sony & NikonStandard2011-2012>2 TB DS7 4260 PK.jpg High-capacity, high-speed standard using PCIe as interface
Universal Flash Storage Card Extensions Samsung UFS Card 2016>256 GBPackages the flash memory, currently soldered in shipping smartphones, into a removable card form factor. Uses the SCSI command set including queuing. The electrical interface makes use of differential signaling, which enables high bus speeds and robustness under noisy conditions and reduced pin count (compared to parallel bus alternatives such as UHS-I).
USB flash drive VariousUSB 1.1/2.0/3.0/3.12000/20011 TB+ Geil David 1GB AB.jpg
(not to scale)		Universally compatible across most non-mobile computer platforms, their greater size suits them better to file transfer/storage instead of use in portable devices

Physical details

Note that a memory card's dimensions are determined while holding the card with contact pins upwards. The length of cards is often greater than their width. Most cards show a directional arrow to aid insertion; such an arrow should be upward.

Memory card parameters.svg
CardWidth (mm)Length (mm)Thickness (mm)Volume (mm³)Mass (g) [9]
CompactFlash, Type I43.036.03.35,1083.3
CompactFlash, Type II43.036.05.07,740
SmartMedia 37.045.00.761,2652.0
MMC, MMCplus24.032.01.41,0751.3 [10]
RS-MMC, MMCmobile24.018.01.46051.3
MMCmicro 14.012.01.1185
SD, SDHC, SDXC, SDIO, MicroP2 24.032.02.11,6132.0
miniSD, miniSDHC, miniSDIO20.021.51.46021.0
microSD, microSDHC, microSDXC11.015.01.01650.27
Memory Stick Standard, PRO21.550.02.83,0104.0
Memory Stick Duo, PRO Duo, PRO-HG, XC20.031.01.69922.0
Memory Stick Micro (M2), XC12.515.01.22252.0
Nano Memory 12.3 [11] 8.80.776
PS Vita Memory Card1512.51.63000.6 [7]
XQD card 38.529.83.84,360
xD 25.020.01.788902.8
USB variesvariesvariesvariesvaries

Speed comparison

StandardSDUFS CardCFastXQDCFexpress
Version3.04.06.07.0 [12] 1.0/1.13.01.02.01.02.01.0?
Launched2010 Q22011 Q12017 Q1?2016 Q2 / 2018 Q12020 Q42008 Q32012 Q32011 Q42014 Q12017 Q2?
BusUHS-IUHS-IIUHS-IIIPCIeUFS 2.0UFS 3.0SATA-300SATA-600PCIe 2.0 x1PCIe 2.0 x2PCIe 3.0 x2PCIe 3.0 x8
Speed

(full-duplex)

104 MB/s156 MB/s624 MB/s1970 MB/s (?)600 MB/s1200 MB/s300 MB/s600 MB/s500 MB/s1000 MB/s1970 MB/s7880 MB/s

Technical details

CardVarietiesMax storage capacity (nom. in GiB)Theoretical max. capacity (nom. in GiB)Max read speed (MB/s)Max write speed (MB/s)Read-write cyclesLow-level accessOperating voltage (V) [13] Controller chip [14] # of pins
CompactFlash I512128  PiB [2]
(134,217,728  GiB)		167 [15] 167 [15] NOR/NAND 3.3 and 5Yes50
II12[ citation needed ]128  PiB [2]
(134,217,728  GiB)		167 [15] 167 [15]
SmartMedia 128  MiB
(0.125  GiB)		21,000,000 NAND 3.3 or 5No22
MMC MMC8128221,000,000 [16] 3.3Yes7
RS-MMC22 [17] 2 [17] 3.37
MMCmobile215 [18] 8 [18] 1.8 and 3.313
MMCplus4 [19] 52 [20] 52 [20] 3.313
MMCmicro21.8 and 3.310 [21]
eMMC2  TiB
(2048  GiB)		1041041.8 and 3.3YesVaries
Secure Digital [22] SD (SDSC)512425 [23] 253.3Yes9
miniSD 8252511
microSD 425258
SDHC 32 [24] 32104 (UHS-I)104 (UHS-I)1.8 and 3.3Yes9
miniSDHC 4 [25] 104 (UHS-I)104 (UHS-I)11
microSDHC 32 [5] 104 (UHS-I)104 (UHS-I)8
SDXC 512 [26] 2  TiB
(2048  GiB)		104 (UHS-I)1042.7–3.6 [27] Yes9
microSDXC 1 TiB [28] 104 (UHS-I)104 (UHS-I)8
Memory Stick Standard128  MiB
(0.125  GiB)		128  MiB
(0.125  GiB)		2.51.83.3Yes10
PRO42  TiB
(2048  GiB)		20203.3
PRO Duo32 [29] 20203.3
PRO-HG Duo32 [30] 30 (actual; [31]
theoretical: 60 [32] )		30 (actual; [31] theoretical: 60 [32] )3.3
Micro (M2)16 [33] 3220201.8 and 3.3
xC2  TiB
(2048  GiB)		60603.3
xD 512  MiB
(0.5  GiB)		512  MiB
(0.5  GiB)		533.3No18
Type M2842.5
Type H2854
Type M+2863.75
XQD 642+  TiB
(2+  GiB)		1681685
USB Full speed (USB 1)2048 [34]
(2  TiB)		No hardware limit115Yes4
High speed (USB 2.0)4040
Super speed (USB 3.0)240160

Consumer details

CardWrite protection switch  [35] DRM
CompactFlash NoNo
SmartMedia Partial, stickerPartial (optional)
MMC, RS-MMCNoNo
MMCMobileYes, secureMMC
SD Yes  [36] [37] Yes, CPRM
miniSD No
microSD No
Memory Stick Standard, PROYesOptional, MagicGate
Memory Stick Duo, PRO DuoNoOptional, MagicGate
Memory Stick PRO-HG DuoNoOptional, MagicGate
Memory Stick Micro (M2)NoOptional, MagicGate
PS Vita Memory CardNoYes, Proprietary
xD NoPartial  [38]
USB SometimesNo

Compatibility

Chain of adapters: microSD-miniSD-SD-CF MiNe-KissX 100-7096R (705470547).jpg
Chain of adapters:
microSD→miniSD→SD→CF

The following chart gives details on availability of adapters to put a given card (horizontal) in a given slot or device (vertical). This table does not take into account protocol issues in communicating with the device.

Following labels are used:

Card
Slot
 CF CFast SM MMC Memory Stick SDSC SDHC SDXC xD XQD
IIIMMCRS-MMC, MMCmobileStdPROPRO DuoMicroSDSC miniSD microSD SDHC miniSDHC microSDHC SDXC microSDXC StdMH
ExpressCard E [39] E [39] E [40] E [41] E [41] E [40] E [40] E [40] E [42] E [40] E [40] E [40] EM
PCI Express Mini Card EM
mSATA XM
PC Card EM [43] EM [43] E [44] E [45] E [45] E [45] E [45]
PCMCIA EM [43] EM [43] E [44] E [45] E [45] E [45] E [45]
CF I++EE [46] E [47] E [47] E [48] E [46] E [49] E [49] E [49]
CF II+EE [46] E [47] E [47] E [46] E [49] E [49] E [49]
CFast+
SM+X [50] X [50] X [50]
xDE [51] +++
XQD+
MMC+MD [52]
MSX [53] ++MMX [53] X [53] E [54]
SDSCDM+EMEM
miniSD+EM
microSD+
SDHCD [55] EMEM+EMEM
miniSDHCD [55] EM+EM
microSDHCD [55] +
SDXCuscbD [56] EMEMD [56] EMEM+EM
microSDXCD [56] D [56] +
IDE PATAEM [57] EM [57] E [58] [59]
Serial ATAE [60] E [60] EM
PCI ExpressEM
USBX [61] X [61] X [61] X [61] X [61] X [61] E [62] E [62] E [63] E [64] X [61] X [61] X [61] X
FloppyE [65] EE + MEE
Nintendo DS Slot-1 E [66]
Nintendo DS Slot-2 E [67] E [67] E [67]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PC Card</span> Expansion card standard for laptop computers

PC Card is a parallel peripheral interface for laptop computers and PDAs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Memory Stick</span> Sonys removable flash memory card format, launched in July 1998

The Memory Stick is a removable flash memory card format, originally launched by Sony in late 1998. In addition to the original Memory Stick, this family includes the Memory Stick PRO, a revision that allows greater maximum storage capacity and faster file transfer speeds; Memory Stick Duo, a small-form-factor version of the Memory Stick ; the even smaller Memory Stick Micro (M2), and the Memory Stick PRO-HG, a high speed variant of the PRO to be used in high-definition video and still cameras.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Memory card</span> Electronic data storage device

A memory card is an electronic data storage device used for storing digital information, typically using flash memory. These are commonly used in digital portable electronic devices. They allow adding memory to such devices using a card in a socket instead of protruding USB flash drives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CompactFlash</span> Memory card format

CompactFlash (CF) is a flash memory mass storage device used mainly in portable electronic devices. The format was specified and the devices were first manufactured by SanDisk in 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SD card</span> Type of memory storage for portable devices

Secure Digital, officially abbreviated as SD, is a proprietary, non-volatile, flash memory card format the SD Association (SDA) developed for use in portable devices.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MultiMediaCard</span> Memory card format

The MultiMediaCard, officially abbreviated as MMC, is a memory card standard used for solid-state storage. Unveiled in 1997 by SanDisk and Siemens, MMC is based on a surface-contact low pin-count serial interface using a single memory stack substrate assembly, and is therefore much smaller than earlier systems based on high pin-count parallel interfaces using traditional surface-mount assembly such as CompactFlash. Both products were initially introduced using SanDisk NOR-based flash technology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flash drive</span> Computer storage device

A flash drive is a portable computer drive that uses flash memory. Flash drives are the larger memory modules consisting of a number of flash chips. A flash chip is used to read the contents of a single cell, but it can write entire block of cells. They connect to a USB port and function as a folder.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SmartMedia</span> Memory card format

SmartMedia is an obsolete flash memory card standard owned by Toshiba, with capacities ranging from 2 MB to 128 MB. The format mostly saw application in the early 2000s in digital cameras and audio production. SmartMedia memory cards are no longer manufactured.

xD-Picture Card Memory card format

The xD-Picture Card is an obsolete form of flash memory card, used in digital cameras made by Olympus, Fujifilm, and Kodak during the 2000s. The xD in the xD-Picture Card stands for eXtreme Digital.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ExpressCard</span> Specification for expansion and memory cards

ExpressCard, initially called NEWCARD, is an interface to connect peripheral devices to a computer, usually a laptop computer. The ExpressCard technical standard specifies the design of slots built into the computer and of expansion cards to insert in the slots. The cards contain electronic circuits and sometimes connectors for external devices. The ExpressCard standard replaces the PC Card standards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">P2 (storage media)</span> Memory card format

P2 is a professional digital recording solid-state memory storage media format introduced by Panasonic in 2004. The P2 card is essentially a RAID of Secure Digital (SD) memory cards with an LSI controller tightly packaged in a die-cast PC Card enclosure. The system includes cameras, decks as drop-in replacements for videotape decks, and a special 5.25-inch computer drive for random-access integration with non-linear editing systems (NLE). The cards can also be used directly where a PC card (PCMCIA) slot is available, as in most older notebook computers, as a normal hard disk drive, although a custom software driver must first be loaded.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lexar</span> Chinese brand of flash memory products

Lexar International is a brand of flash memory products manufactured by the Chinese memory company Longsys.

AVCHD is a file-based format for the digital recording and playback of high-definition video. It is H.264 and Dolby AC-3 packaged into the MPEG transport stream, with a set of constraints designed around the camcorders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HTC Universal</span>

The HTC Universal is a Windows Mobile 5.0 Pocket PC PDA manufactured by High Tech Computer Corporation. It was the first 3G/UMTS-enabled Pocket PC PDA with a telecommunications function, and also the first to come with Windows Mobile 5.0 pre-installed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SanDisk portable media players</span> Line of portable media players

SanDisk has produced a number of flash memory-based digital audio and portable media players since 2005. The current range of products bears the SanDisk Clip name. SanDisk players were formerly marketed under the Sansa name until 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SxS</span> Memory card format

SxS (S-by-S) is a flash memory standard compliant to the Sony and SanDisk-created ExpressCard standard. According to Sandisk and Sony, the cards have transfer rates of 800 Mbit/s and burst transfer rate of up to 2.5 Gbit/s over the ExpressCard's PCI Express interface. Sony uses these cards as the storage medium for their XDCAM EX line of professional video cameras.

The SD Association (SDA) is an American nonprofit organization that sets standards for the SD memory card format. SanDisk, Panasonic (Matsushita), and Toshiba formed the SD Association in January 2000. In 2010, the SDA had approximately 1,000 member companies involved in the design and development of SD standards. Thousands of device models and hundreds of products across dozens of product categories integrate the small, removable memory cards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BeagleBoard</span> Single board computer

The BeagleBoard is a low-power open-source single-board computer produced by Texas Instruments in association with Digi-Key and Newark element14. The BeagleBoard was also designed with open source software development in mind, and as a way of demonstrating the Texas Instrument's OMAP3530 system-on-a-chip. The board was developed by a small team of engineers as an educational board that could be used in colleges around the world to teach open source hardware and software capabilities. It is also sold to the public under the Creative Commons share-alike license. The board was designed using Cadence OrCAD for schematics and Cadence Allegro for PCB manufacturing; no simulation software was used.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ATP Electronics</span> Manufacturer of NAND based storage DRAM modules

ATP Electronics was a manufacturer of NAND based storage DRAM modules founded in Silicon Valley in 1991, headquarter was later moved to Taipei, Taiwan. ATP’s product line consist of Industrial grade products, such as SSD, SD / microSD memory cards, along with DRAM products that are used in business industries across Networking, Enterprise Mobility, Automotive industry, Military, IPC/Embedded Systems, Health care, Gaming and The Internet of Things (IoT). Intel's CMTL, one of the largest third party testing lab for Intel server platforms, only recommended two memory modules companies to purchase motherboards in Taiwan, one noted to be ATP Electronics.

References

  1. ↑ Pictures are given in relative scales; they're sized to be WYSIWYG when viewing using 81 PPI monitor.
  2. 1 2 3 4 CompactFlash Association announces CF 5.0 standard supporting up to 128 PiB of storage Archived 2010-11-22 at the Wayback Machine
  3. 1 2 en:CFexpress, oldid 1048597251 [ circular reference ]
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Capacity (SD/SDHC/SDXC/SDUC) | SD Association". www.sdcard.org. 2020-12-11. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
  5. 1 2 "Why Do microSD Cards Have a Maximum 32GB capacity? - Pocketnow". 31 July 2010.
  6. ↑ "Kioxia 2 TB micro sd".
  7. 1 2 "PS Vita Memory Card Instruction Manual". Sony Computer Entertainment Europe. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  8. 1 2 3 FUJIFILM Global | xD-Picture Card and Adapters Archived 2008-01-28 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ↑ Plexus Outbursts specifications Archived 2006-06-27 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ↑ Apacer's MMC specifications Archived 2006-06-24 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ↑ "Lexar nCARD NM Card - Lexar". Archived from the original on 2021-09-01. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  12. ↑ Pinto, Yosi. "SD + PCIe/NVMe card New Innovations in SD Cards Lead the Way to Mobile Everything" (PDF). Flash Memory Summit.
  13. ↑ Voltage table at All Memory Cards, note that some cards support both voltages (and), and some cards are available in distinct versions (or)
  14. ↑ "Parked at Loopia". www.allmemorycards.com.
  15. 1 2 3 4 CompactFlash Specification Rev. 6.0 Archived 2010-11-21 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ↑ ACP-EP Specifications Archived 2006-06-22 at the Wayback Machine
  17. 1 2 ACP-EP RS-MMC card features list Archived 2006-06-19 at the Wayback Machine
  18. 1 2 ACP-EP MMCmobile card features list Archived 2006-06-19 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ↑ Transcend MMCplus 4 GiB
  20. 1 2 MMC transferred at up to 52 MiB/s Archived 2007-02-08 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ↑ Transcend MMCmicro card (TS128MMCM) datasheet
  22. ↑ Maximum transfer speed is not defined by SD standards. Bus speeds are quoted.
  23. ↑ "Bus Speed - SD Association". Archived from the original on 2014-02-09. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
  24. ↑ "Toshiba : Press Releases 22 August, 2007". www.toshiba.co.jp.
  25. ↑ New 4 GiB miniSDHC card Archived 2007-12-15 at the Wayback Machine
  26. ↑ PNY Technologies. "PNY 512GB Elite Performance Class 10 U3 SDXC Flash Memory Card : Electronics". Amazon. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  27. ↑ "Capacity (SD/SDHC/SDXC) - SD Association". www.sdcard.org.
  28. ↑ "Amazon.com: SanDisk 1TB Extreme MicroSDXC UHS-I Memory Card with Adapter - A2, U3, V30, 4K UHD, Micro SD - SDSQXA1-1T00-GN6MA". www.amazon.com.
  29. ↑ Burns, Matt. "Sony bumps the Memory Stick PRO Duo capacity up to 32GB". Archived from the original on 2009-10-25. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
  30. ↑ http://www.sonystyle.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10551&storeId=10151&langId=-1&productId=8198552921666322869&tab=featuresTab [ dead link ]
  31. 1 2 Sony Introduces Faster MS Pro HG Duo Card Archived 2013-01-21 at archive.today
  32. 1 2 "Sony Global - News Release - SANDISK AND SONY DEVELOP "MEMORY STICK PRO-HG" FORMAT". www.sony.net.
  33. ↑ SanDisk®. "SANDISK MOBILE ULTRA MICROSDHC AND MEMORY STICK MICRO (M2) PREMIUM MOBILE MEMORY CARDS INCREASE CAPACITY TO 16 GIGABYTES". www.sandisk.com.
  34. ↑ "Press". Kingston Technology Company.
  35. ↑ "Write protection switch at All Memory Cards". Archived from the original on 2016-04-20.
  36. ↑ Some early SD cards may not have a write protection switch.
  37. ↑ The write protect switch signals to the host, which is responsible for write protection. The write protect switch is not connected to the internal circuitry of the card. (SD Card Simplified Physical Layer Specification Archived 2010-07-07 at the Wayback Machine )
  38. ↑ "Fujifilm accessories xD-Picture Card". Archived from the original on July 11, 2007.
  39. 1 2 "DataFab Systems Inc.-The Leader of Innovative Technology in Portable Storage Systems". www.datafab.com.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DataFab EXP 12 in 2 Archived 2007-11-13 at the Wayback Machine
  41. 1 2 DataFab exp 12 in 1 Archived 2007-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
  42. ↑ DataFab exp M2+microSD Archived 2007-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
  43. 1 2 3 4 "Loading..." www.transcendusa.com.
  44. 1 2 "Loading..." www.transcendusa.com.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Loading..." www.transcendusa.com.
  46. 1 2 3 4 "Minolta SD-CF1 SD-to-CompactFlash adapter". Archived from the original on 2006-06-16. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
  47. 1 2 3 4 "Transcend MemoryStick-to-CompactFlash adapter". Archived from the original on 2007-02-24. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
  48. ↑ "Shortage everywhere! Sony MSAC-MCF1N Memory Stick Duo Adaptor for CompactFlash Slot". www.camerahacker.com.
  49. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Olympus MACF-10 xD-to-CompactFlash adapter Archived 2006-12-10 at the Wayback Machine
  50. 1 2 3 "Hama xD-to-SM adapter". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
  51. ↑ In March 2008, Olympus started shipping the MASD-1 microSD-to-xD adapter along with its latest compact digital cameras, with a shape designed to fit only in those latest cameras Archived 2011-06-25 at the Wayback Machine . The physical adapter is in fact purely electromechanical, although the xD and SD protocols are completely incompatible. This demonstrates that the cameras themselves must understand the SD protocol, and thus the adapter is more properly termed an electronic adapter, with the electronic logic contained in the camera rather than the physical accessory.
  52. ↑ SD cards are usually thicker than MMC ones, and although it uses perfectly compatible pins, not every MMC slot may allow thick SD card to be inserted
  53. 1 2 3 "PSP Expand Memory Converter" – via Amazon.
  54. ↑ KingMax microSD to MS PRO Duo Adapter [ permanent dead link ]
  55. 1 2 3 SDHC devices are backward-compatible with normal SD cards. ( "About Compatibility with Host Devices - SD Association". Archived from the original on 2011-11-21. Retrieved 2012-01-03.)
  56. 1 2 3 4 SDXC devices are backward-compatible with SD and SDHC cards. ( "About Compatibility with Host Devices - SD Association". Archived from the original on 2011-11-21. Retrieved 2012-01-03.)
  57. 1 2 "PC Engines flash storage solutions". www.pcengines.ch.
  58. ↑ Star Empery PT110 SD Card To ATA IDE 3.5 inch Hard Drive Adapter
  59. ↑ "The do-it-yourself SSD adapter".
  60. 1 2 "Tom's Hardware Articles - Find and Filter Our Latest Articles". Tom's Hardware.
  61. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 There are many USB-connected "n-in-1" memory card readers, for example Belkin's "Hi-Speed USB 2.0 15-in-1 Media Reader & Writer".
  62. 1 2 MS Duo and M2 adapters have appeared in the last 12 months which look like USB memory sticks
  63. ↑ "SanDisk @ CES - SD card with built-in USB adapter".
  64. ↑ A-Data microSD to USB Adapter Archived 2007-09-15 at the Wayback Machine
  65. ↑ DCRP Special Report: FlashPath Adapter Archived 2007-10-26 at the Wayback Machine by Tom Beardmore
  66. ↑ R4 microSD to NDS Slot-1 Adapter Archived 2007-10-31 at the Wayback Machine
  67. 1 2 3 Supercard to NDS Slot-2 Adapter Archived 2008-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
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