Comparison of webmail providers

Last updated

The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of notable webmail providers who offer a web interface in English.

Contents

The list does not include web hosting providers who may offer email server and/or client software as a part of hosting package, or telecommunication providers (mobile network operators, internet service providers) who may offer mailboxes exclusively to their customers.

General

General information on webmail providers and products

  1. ↑ Gmail is part of the Google Account, therefore a Google account is required. But a Google Account doesn't require Gmail and can be used with other mail providers
  2. ↑ Must be an Apple (iPod, iPad, &c.) owner to obtain an account, but works on Windows, as well.
  3. ↑ 50 GB cost $0.99/month, 200 GB cost $2.99/month, or 2 TB cost $9.99/month [30] [31]
  4. ↑ shared between file and email storage, customizable ratio
  5. ↑ Outlook mail is part of a Microsoft Account. Although microsoft account is not a requirement, to access account settings, it has to be through done through the microsoft account. Login and sign up is always done through login.live.com domain
  6. ↑ Creation of Proton Mail automatically creates a Proton Account
  7. ↑ Yahoo! Mail lowered its storage limit from 1TB to 20GB in June 2025 [75]
  8. ↑ But doesn't delete them off the server automatically, in contrast to standard POP3 operation. See https://yandex.com/support/mail/mail-clients.html#pop3

Supported protocols

  1. ↑ Requires the user to enable a specific settings in Gmail account ("less secure apps") or, for 2FA-enabled accounts, to generate and use a separate "application password". [87]
  2. ↑ Must be an Apple (iPod, iPad, &c.) owner to obtain an account, but works on Windows, as well.
  3. ↑ Also can be used on non-mobile devices via third-party software. [95]

Digital rights

Verification

How much information users must provide to verify and complete the registration when opening an account (green means less personal information requested):

ProductSMS verificationSecondary email verification
AOL Mail YesUnknown
FastMail YesNo
Gmail Optional [a] Optional
GMX Mail
(gmx.com) 		Yes [97] Yes [97]
Hushmail Yes [98] Yes [98]
iCloud UnknownUnknown
Laposte.net OptionalOptional
Lycos YesNo
Mail.com YesNo
Mailbox.org NoNo
Mail.ru YesUnknown
Mailfence NoYes
Outlook.com Purple question mark.svgNot sure [b] Purple question mark.svgNot sure [b]
Proton Mail Optional [c] Optional [c]
Rediffmail YesYes
Seznam.cz YesUnknown
Tuta NoNo
Yahoo! Mail YesNo
Yandex Mail Yes [d] Unknown
Zoho Mail YesYes

Secure delivery

Features to reduce the risk of third-party tracking and interception of the email content; measures to increase the deliverability of correct outbound messages.

ProductAnti-interception Outbound anti-spoofing and deliverabilityOther [e]
STARTTLS (outbound) [f] STARTTLS (inbound) [g] Tracking content prevention [101] Basic SPF [h] Default DKIM [i]
AOL Mail No [102] ?????
FastMail Yes [103] Yes [103] Yes [104] YesYes [105] ?
Gmail YesYesPartial (only images) [101] [j] YesYesAdds ARC, does not enforce DMARC rejection for Gmail. [106]
GMX Mail
(gmx.com) 		???Yes??
Hushmail ??????
iCloud [k] ?Yes [107] ????
Laposte.net ??????
Lycos ??????
Mail.com ??????
Mail.ru ?Yes [107] ????
Mailbox.org Yes [108] Yes?YesYes?
Mailfence NoYes [109] Yes [110] [111] Yes [112] Yes?
Outlook.com Yes [107] YesYes [101] ??Adds ARC [113]
Proton Mail ??Yes (images and pixel tracking) [114] Yes??
Rediffmail ??????
Tuta ???Yes??
Yahoo! Mail No (yahoo.co.jp) [102] No (yahoo.co.jp) [102] ?Yes?DMARC policies incompatible with most mailing lists. [115]
Yandex Mail ???Yes??
Zoho Mail ??????

Other

ProductVerified privacy and legal defense [l] Verified (possibly) neutral technologyClaimed privacy policies [m] Inactivity allowed
LocationNo username recyclingFully free software webmailSecure (TLS) webmail Tor gateway availableTor browser allowed [n] Proxy gateway available Internet censorship (countries) HTTP tracking cookies Personalized ads [o] Email tracking [p] Information sharing Max inactivity (days)
AOL Mail USAUnknownNoYes (default)NoYesUnknownUnknownUnknownYesYesYes365 [116]
FastMail USA / AustraliaNoPartial (Roundcube option) [q] Yes (default)NoYesYes [122] UnknownUnknownNoUnknownUnknownUnknown
Gmail USAYesNo (HTML option, requires proprietary JavaScript [123] for ReCAPTCHA) [124] Yes (default)NoRequires Tor users to confirm their identity with SMSNoUnknownYesYesYesYes730 [125]
GMX Mail
(gmx.com) 		GermanyUnknownNoYesNoYesUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownNo [126] Unknown180 [127] [128]
Hushmail CanadaUnknownNoYes (default)NoYes (2012) [129] UnknownUnknownUnknownNoUnknownNoUnknown
iCloud [r] USAUnknownNoYes (default)NoUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
Laposte.net FranceUnknownNoYesNoUnknownUnknownNoUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
Lycos KoreaUnknownNoYesNoUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
Mail.com USA / GermanyUnknownNoYesNoYesUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown365 [130]
Mail.ru RussiaUnknownNo [131] Yes (default)NoYesUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown515 [132]
Mailbox.org GermanyNoYes [133] Yes (default)Yes [134] YesNoNoNoNoNoNo30 (after contract termination) [135]
Mailfence BelgiumUnknownNoYes (default)NoYes [136] Yes [137] [138] NoNoNoNoNo365 (free), forever (paid) [139]
Outlook.com USAYesNoYes (default)NoRequires Tor users to confirm their identity with SMSUnknownUnknownUnknownNo [126] YesYes [140] 365 [141]
Posteo GermanyUnknownYes (Roundcube) [142] Yes (default)UnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
Proton Mail SwitzerlandYes [143] Yes [144] Yes (default)YesYesNoRussiaNoNoNoNo (blocked in Russia) [145] 365 (free), forever (paid) [146]
Rediffmail IndiaUnknownNoYesNoYesUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
Tuta GermanyYes [147] Yes (GPLv3 [148] )Yes (default)NoYesNoRussiaNoNoNoNo (blocked in Russia) [145] 180 [149]
Yahoo! Mail USANoNoYes (default)NoYesUnknownUnknownUnknownYesYesYes365 [150]
Yandex Mail RussiaUnknownNoYes (default)NoYesUnknownUnknownUnknownYes [126] Yes [126] Unknown912 [151]
Zoho Mail USA / IndiaUnknownNoYesNoUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownNoUnknownUnknown270 [152]
  1. ↑ Required only when abuse detected through undisclosed factors
  2. 1 2 May required to be given. Currently mandatory verification is not enforced to everyone signing up but could be asked later on. When accessing microsoft account through outlook, it does ask for verification of at least one method. If not using microsoft but only outlook, then not required[ citation needed ]
  3. 1 2 Under normal circumstances email or sms verification is not required in Proton Mail. It may be required if trying to create multiple accounts, if using some Tor exit IPs, among other undisclosed factors. [99]
  4. ↑ Yandex mail accounts can be created anonymously. However after approximately 2 months of usage all of a sudden on login Yandex says that your account seems to be hacked (which is not true), and in order to improve security you are not permitted to log in unless you provide a phone number. [100]
  5. ↑ Additional notes like usage of DMARC, ARC
  6. ↑ Ability to use STARTTLS over SMTP
  7. ↑ Verified with https://starttls-everywhere.org/ or other
  8. ↑ SPF is configured and outbound mail passes SPF test from default webmail and SMTP
  9. ↑ Outbound mail has a default DKIM signature by default
  10. ↑ "Gmail uses a proxy to serve images in emails, the privacy tester reveals that using Gmail won't actually protect you from pixel tracking (though it will mask your IP address)" [101]
  11. ↑ Must be an Apple (iPod, iPad, &c.) owner to obtain an account, but works on Windows, as well.
  12. ↑ This information can be verified by anyone with access to internet. Server locations play a role in an investigation and serve thereof for legal defense
  13. ↑ Statement cannot be verified to be actual true as the information is handled by servers not accessed by the public
  14. ↑ It is possible that users cannot log in if they don't enable cookies or JavaScript for the Tor browser.
  15. ↑ For services hosted by companies that also own web search engines: The results of ads are arranged for the user in accordance to his/her interests as determined from previous search queries or other information available to the search engine.
  16. ↑ Tracking the user is not necessarily bad faith behaviour – it has to be conducted in order to provide personalized search results [ broken anchor ].
  17. ↑ Some parts of the FastMail web software have been released as free, open-source software. The front-end JavaScript library is released as Overture JS [117] [118] and the rich-text editor as Squire. [119] [120] The data model and various client code was donated to Roundcube for its JMAP implementation. [121]
  18. ↑ Must be an Apple (iPod, iPad, &c.) owner to obtain an account, but works on Windows, as well.

Unique features

Unique features in webmail products
NameFeatures
FastMail Spam filter; backscatter detection; [153] deletion of selected attachments. Android and iPhone apps.
Gmail Account verification via SMS or voice call in some countries; [154] "Normal" view via Settings; Labels instead of folders; Undo send (implemented as a delayed send)
Laposte.net spam filter, deletion of selected attachments, address book and calendar/agenda, import/export features for mails, contacts and calendar events, custom signatures for each alias, filters (custom rules) for organizing your emails, holiday mode (auto-response), mobile app for smartphones, integration with Digiposte (a virtual safe-deposit box that allows you to safely archive all your documents in a secured place, including legal documents).
Mailfence Client-side encryption with email expiration, Digital signatures, Full OpenPGP inter-operability and support, Integrated account keystore, Multiple PGP keypair support, Public keyserver connection, Full reversibility and key revocation, [155] Full email-suite, Shared mailbox and collaboration with group members
Outlook.com One-time password, Mobile alerts, Account verification via SMS or voice call in some countries, Rules, [156] Scheduled Cleanup, [156] Filter to e.g. only see newsletters or Emails from contacts, [156] Recover deleted emails; [157] Key encryption for paid accounts [158]
Proton Mail Client-side encryption, email expiration, automatic encryption for Proton Mail-Proton Mail emails, optional email encryption for messages from Proton Mail to other providers
Rediffmail sign-in via Google, Yahoo!, Facebook, Twitter, Mobile Sync; Indrive.
Tuta Client-side encryption, automatic encryption of mailbox, automatic encryption of emails between Tuta users, optional email encryption for messages from Tuta to other providers
Yandex Mail Email for own domains (Yandex PDD), scheduled email delivery, SMS verification, sign-in via Twitter, VK, Facebook, Google Profile
Zoho Mail Email Sharing, Folder Sharing, Collaborating with other users by Chat/ Social media for organization, Filters, Schedule and send emails, reminders, Notes, Tasks, Bookmarks and so on.

Features

  1. ↑ Most mail services that do not support POP3 access can be accessed through the FreePOPs mail proxy software.
  2. ↑ Through AOL Easy Transfer
  3. ↑ Through AOL My eAddress
  4. ↑ Gmail restricts the FROM field to registered addresses. e.g. Disposable addresses forbidden.
  5. ↑ HTML interface available for legacy browsers or users with JavaScript disabled.
  6. ↑ IMAP access available for $14.99 for the first year and $29.99 yearly thereafter.
  7. ↑ Mailfence provides an internal Instant Messaging feature for group members.
  8. ↑ Yahoo! Mail had automatic forwarding available to all accounts prior to January 15, 2021. [169]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "A Brief Guide to the Tumultuous 30-Year History of AOL". Time. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
  2. ↑ Wenzel, Elsa. "AOL Mail offering unlimited storage, integrated chatting". CNET. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
  3. ↑ Heinz Tschabitscher; Tschabitscher, services since 1997 our editorial process Heinz. "How Big Can Attachments Be for AIM Mail and AOL Mail?". Lifewire. Retrieved November 8, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ↑ "How Do I Change the Language on Aol?". gethuman.com. March 25, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
  5. ↑ "Manage your AOL username". help.aol.com/. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  6. ↑ "A brief history of Fastmail". fastmail.help. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  7. 1 2 "Pricing | Fastmail". www.fastmail.com.
  8. ↑ "Fastmail account limits". Archived from the original on March 3, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
  9. ↑ "Account limits". Fastmail. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  10. ↑ "Help Center: Other". Fastmail.
  11. ↑ Gayomali, Chris (April 2014). "When Gmail Launched On April 1, 2004, People Thought It Was A Joke". fastcompany.com. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  12. ↑ "Compare Flexible Pricing Plan Options | Google Workspace". workspace.google.com.
  13. ↑ "Gmail Features".
  14. ↑ "Gmail: Maximum attachment size". Google Inc.
  15. ↑ "Send Google Drive attachments in Gmail - Computer - Gmail Help".
  16. ↑ "Add or delete an alternate email address (email alias) - Google Workspace Admin Help". support.google.com. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  17. ↑ Hintergrund und Geschichte Archived 2012-05-27 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ↑ GMX FreeMail Archived 2012-03-06 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ↑ "GMX mail storage solution". www.gmx.com.
  20. ↑ "Attachments". support.gmx.com.
  21. ↑ "Installing GMX Search for Windows". support.gmx.com.
  22. ↑ Chen, Brian X. (June 17, 2020). "Tackling the Unsolvable Problem: The Bottomless Email Inbox". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved June 26, 2020– via NYTimes.com.
  23. 1 2 "Two flavors, two prices". HEY.
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  25. 1 2 "Frequently asked questions about HEY". HEY.
  26. ↑ "About Hushmail". hushmail.com. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  27. ↑ "Hushmail for Personal Use". www.hushmail.com.
  28. ↑ "Maximum attachment size". Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  29. ↑ "Steve Jobs to unveil 'iCloud', Mac OS X Lion and iOS 5 at WWDC". the Guardian. May 31, 2011. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
  30. ↑ "Storage Upgrade Options" . Retrieved December 10, 2018.
  31. ↑ "iCloud storage plans and pricing". Apple. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  32. ↑ "Mailbox size and message sending limits in iCloud" . Retrieved January 19, 2026.
  33. ↑ "Mail Drop limits". Apple Support. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
  34. ↑ "Add and manage email aliases for iCloud Mail on iCloud.com". Apple Support. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  35. ↑ "iCloud+ plans and pricing". Apple Support. February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  36. ↑ "How to turn off threaded conversations in… - Apple Community". discussions.apple.com.
  37. ↑ "Sign up for Kolab Now - Kolab Now". kolabnow.com. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  38. ↑ "How much storage comes with my account? – Kolab Now". kb.kolabnow.com. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  39. ↑ "End of free service FAQ: Lycos". lycos.freshdesk.com. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
  40. ↑ "Email pioneer mail.com celebrates 25 years of reliable service and unique domain names". www.mail.com. June 2, 2020.
  41. ↑ "65 GB of free email storage with mail.com". www.mail.com.
  42. ↑ "Attachments". support.mail.com.
  43. ↑ "The mail.com Search for Windows". support.mail.com.
  44. ↑ Mail.Ru Group: Главная Archived July 5, 2007, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  45. ↑ "Отправить файл в письме — Помощь по сервисам Mail.ru". help.mail.ru (in Russian). Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  46. ↑ "Quantum Computers and Surveillance Capitalism are a Major Threat to Internet Privacy". financialit.net. January 29, 2020. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
  47. ↑ Claudio R. (February 27, 2019). "Mailfence Review – Secure & Private Email Service". anonymster.com. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  48. 1 2 "Secure and private email | Mailfence encrypted email service". Mailfence.
  49. ↑ "Mailfence announces Ultra storage plan". December 10, 2019.
  50. ↑ "Are there any email sending limits?". kb.mailfence.com. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
  51. ↑ "Mailfence Home Page". mailfence.com. September 16, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2022.
  52. 1 2 3 "Plans". Mailfence.com. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
  53. ↑ "Sabeer Bhatiya, Los Angeles, Large Indian Company, Scott Mc Nealy MBA'80, Steve Wozniak and Marc Andreesen, Sabeer Bhatiya: The founder of "Hotmail.com": Is He Great or Is He Lucky..., Sabeer Bhatiya, Los Angeles, Large Indian Company, Scott Mc Nealy MBA'80, Steve Wozniak and Marc Andreesen, Apple Computers, Jack Smith, American Online account, web - HOTMAIL, Microsoft's financial muscles". February 10, 2007. Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
  54. ↑ "Why is Hotmail changing its name?". BBC News. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
  55. ↑ "Storage limits in Outlook.com". December 18, 2017.
  56. 1 2 3 4 5 "Compare Outlook.com". Microsoft.
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  58. ↑ "Email green, secure, simple and ad-free - posteo.de - About Posteo". posteo.de. April 2, 2022. Archived from the original on April 3, 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
  59. ↑ "Email green, secure, simple and ad-free - posteo.de - Features". posteo.de.
  60. ↑ "Email green, secure, simple and ad-free - posteo.de - Features". posteo.de. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  61. ↑ "Proton turns 7". May 19, 2021.
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  66. ↑ "Create a free email account or choose a paid plan". Proton. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  67. ↑ "Tuta - Who we are". Tuta. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  68. ↑ "Free Email Providers". March 2024.
  69. ↑ "Create a free email account today". Tutanota.
  70. ↑ "Tuta Pricing". August 2020.
  71. ↑ "Tuta FAQ". August 2020.
  72. ↑ "Create a free email account today". Tuta. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  73. ↑ Tutanota Support (May 9, 2017). "External IMAP/POP3 connection". Tuta Support. Archived from the original on April 10, 2019. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
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  75. ↑ "Yahoo Mail Storage FAQ" . Retrieved June 25, 2025.
  76. ↑ "How do I use Dropbox with Yahoo Mail?".
  77. ↑ "Ad-free email and a whole lot more with Yahoo Mail Plus - Sign up". www.yahoo.com. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  78. ↑ "Turn Conversations on or off in the Yahoo Mail app | Yahoo Help - SLN26405". help.yahoo.com.
  79. ↑ "Яндекс.Почта — бесплатная почта с web-интерфейсом". Yandex.
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  82. ↑ "Attach files to messages — Yandex.Help. Mail". Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
  83. ↑ "Zoho Mail Pricing & Editions - Free for 5 Users". Zoho. Retrieved October 24, 2022.
  84. 1 2 "POP/IMAP/Activesync no longer free?".
  85. ↑ "Use POP or IMAP to sync AOL Mail on a third-party app or download your email" . Retrieved February 27, 2024.
  86. ↑ "Opportunistic SSL/TLS encryption on outgoing emails". Fastmail. January 29, 2010.
  87. ↑ "New Security Measures Will Affect Older (non-OAuth 2.0) Applications". Google.
  88. ↑ "Serious security". HEY.
  89. 1 2 "iCloud: Mail server settings for email clients" . Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  90. 1 2 3 "Generic IMAP Client Setup Guide – Kolab Now". kb.kolabnow.com. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
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  92. 1 2 "Proton Mail IMAP/SMTP Bridge". Proton Mail. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
  93. 1 2 "Thunderbird IMAP with SSL without SSL". support.rediff.com. July 10, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
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  95. ↑ "Yahoo IMAP Connector" . Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  96. ↑ "How to secure Yahoo Mail Web sessions with SSL". CNET. January 14, 2013.
  97. 1 2 "GMX Help & Contact". hilfe.gmx.net (in German). Retrieved March 29, 2019.
  98. 1 2 "The 5 Best Secure Email Services for 2018". Lifewire. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
  99. ↑ "Human verification — checking you're a human when you sign up for Proton Mail". Proton.
  100. ↑ "12 Free Email Services (Without Phone Verification)".
  101. 1 2 3 4 Sydney Li; Bennett Cyphers (January 9, 2019). "(Don't) Return to Sender: How to Protect Yourself From Email Tracking".
  102. 1 2 3 "Google transparency report for safer email" . Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  103. 1 2 "Getting STARTTLS Everywhere". Fastmail blog. June 27, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  104. ↑ "Fastmail Keeps You Safe From Spy Pixels". Fastmail blog. February 26, 2021. Retrieved November 3, 2021.
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  107. 1 2 3 "Google transparency report for safer email" . Retrieved April 12, 2020.
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  113. ↑ "Office 365 Enables ARC for Enhanced Anti-Spoofing Detection" . Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  114. ↑ "Enhanced tracking protection". Protonmail. November 30, 2022.
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  126. 1 2 3 4 "Best known email providers by email tracking and privacy reputation". September 24, 2018.
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  131. ↑ Some free software available at https://github.com/mailru
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  134. ↑ "How to configure the Tor Browser". mailbox.org knowledge base.
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  140. ↑ "United States v. Microsoft – EPIC – Electronic Privacy Information Center".
  141. ↑ "Microsoft Services Agreement". www.microsoft.com. Retrieved December 27, 2024.
  142. ↑ updated, Daniel Blechynden last (November 12, 2020). "Posteo secure email review". TechRadar . Archived from the original on April 2, 2022. Retrieved April 2, 2022.{{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  143. ↑ "How to delete your account" . Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  144. ↑ "The Proton Mail Android app is open source". April 23, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  145. 1 2 Gareth Corfield (February 17, 2020). "Tutanota cries 'censorship!' after secure email biz blocked – for real this time – in Russia". www.theregister.co.uk. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  146. ↑ "Terms of Service". Proton. Retrieved December 27, 2024.
  147. ↑ "Do you delete inactive accounts / recycle email addresses?" . Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  148. ↑ "The open source email service Tutanota fights for your right to privacy". Tutanota.
  149. ↑ "Tuta Support". Tuta. Retrieved December 27, 2024.
  150. ↑ "Inactive mailboxes in Yahoo Mail | Yahoo Help - SLN29338". help.yahoo.com. Retrieved December 27, 2024.
  151. ↑ "Freezing inactive mailboxes - Mail. Support". yandex.com. Retrieved December 27, 2024.
  152. ↑ "Inactive Accounts in Zoho Mail". Zoho. Retrieved December 27, 2024.
  153. ↑ "Backscatter". FastMail.
  154. ↑ "Verify your account - Google Account Help".
  155. ↑ "Why mailfence is a unique, secure and private email service". September 20, 2016.
  156. 1 2 3 Clean, clutter-free inbox Outlook.com
  157. ↑ Recover deleted messages Outlook.com
  158. ↑ "Learn about encrypted messages in Outlook.com". support.office.com. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
  159. ↑ "Shutting down our XMPP chat service". Fastmail blog. November 16, 2015. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  160. ↑ "Plus addressing and subdomain addressing" . Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  161. ↑ "Use Custom Email Domain with iCloud Mail". January 10, 2023.
  162. ↑ "iCloud Email Address: One Productivity Tip You Probably Didn't Know". January 10, 2023.
  163. ↑ "Plus addressing to track spammers". October 20, 2016.
  164. ↑ "Password encrypted messages based on symmetric encryption". December 12, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
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