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A council of state is a governmental body in a country, or a subdivision of a country, with a function that varies by jurisdiction. [1] It may be the formal name for the cabinet or it may refer to a non-executive advisory body associated with a head of state. [2] In some countries it functions as a supreme administrative court [3] and is sometimes regarded as the equivalent of a privy council. [4] [5]
Belgian Council of State is a judicial and advisory body that assists the executive with obligatory legal advice on each draft law and is the supreme court for administrative justice
Chinese State Council is the country's highest executive body
Colombian Council of State 
Cuban Council of State 
Danish Council of State is similar to a privy council with a largely ceremonial role
Dutch Council of State is an advisory body that consists of one or two members of the royal family and other members appointed by the Crown
East Timorese Council of State is the political advisory body of the President of East Timor 
Egyptian Council of State 
Finnish Government is literally referred to as council of state in Finnish (valtioneuvosto) and Swedish (statsrådet)
French Council of State is a judicial and advisory body. It assists the executive with legal advice and is the supreme court for administrative justice
Ghanaian Council of State advises the President of Ghana in the exercise of most of his/her reserve powers
Greek Council of State is the supreme administrative court of Greece and also examines all presidential decrees before they are issued
Irish Council of State advises the President of Ireland in the exercise of most of his/her reserve powers
Italian Council of State is a legal and administrative consultative body that ensures the legality of public administration.
Luxembourg Council of State 
Nigerian Council of State 
North Carolina Council of State 
Norwegian Council of State 
South Korean State Council is a national council constituted by South Korean cabinet, constitutionally empowered to deliberate important policies of executive branch of South Korean government
Spanish Council of State 
Swedish Council of State (1975-present)
Philippine Council of State 
Portuguese Council of State is an advisory body of the President of the Republic 
Thai Council of State advises the executive branch on legal matters and until the establishment of the administrative courts in 1999, it also served as the supreme administrative court
Turkish Council of State is the supreme court for administrative justice
Brazilian Empire's Council of State (1822–1889)
Council of State of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1974-1988)
Council of State of the People's Republic of Kampuchea (1981–1993)
Chilean Council of State (1976–1980)
English Council of State (1649–1660)
State Council of the German Democratic Republic (1960–1990)
Indian Council of State (1919–1947)
Ethiopian Council of State (1987–1991)
Israeli Provisional State Council (1948–1949)
Japanese Great Council of State (689–1885)
Liberian Council of State was an interim governing body in the mid-1990s
Manchukuon General Affairs State Council (1934–1945)
Montenegrin Council of State (1879–1905)
Ottoman Council of State (1868–1922)
Persian Council of State (1858–)
Poland: 
Romanian State Council (1961–1989)
Siamese Supreme Council of State (1925–1932) Swedish Council of State (1809–1974)
Tunisian Council of State (1959–2014)
Vietnamese Council of State (1980–1992)
The Government of Barbados (GoB), is a unitary parliamentary republic, where the President of Barbados is the head of state and the Prime Minister of Barbados is the head of government.
The politics of the Falkland Islands takes place in a framework of a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary representative democratic dependency as set out by the constitution, whereby the Governor exercises the duties of head of state in the absence of the monarch and the Chief Executive is the head of the Civil Service, with an elected Legislative Assembly to propose new laws, national policy, approve finance and hold the executive to account.
His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a formal body of advisers to the sovereign of the United Kingdom. Its members, known as privy counsellors, are mainly senior politicians who are current or former members of either the House of Commons or the House of Lords.
Separation of powers is the division of a state's government into branches, each with separate, independent powers and responsibilities, so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with others. The typical division into three branches of government, sometimes called the trias politica model, includes a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. It can be contrasted with the fusion of powers in monarchies, but also parliamentary and semi-presidential systems where there can be overlap in membership and functions between different branches, especially the executive and legislative.
The Government of Botswana often abbreviated as GOB, is the union government created by the constitution of Botswana having the executive, parliament, and the judiciary. The Seat of the Government is located in Gaborone, Botswana. The government is led by the president.
The Government of Brunei is the union government created by the constitution of Brunei where by the Sultan of Brunei is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Brunei has a legislative council with 36 appointed members, that only has consultative tasks. Under Brunei's 1959 constitution, His Majesty Hassanal Bolkiah, is the head of state with full executive authority, including emergency powers since 1962. The Sultan's role is enshrined in the national philosophy known as "Melayu Islam Beraja" (MIB), or Malay Islamic Monarchy. The country has been under hypothetical martial law since a rebellion occurred in the early 1960s and was put down by British troops from Singapore. The Seat of the Government is located in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
In France, the Conseil d'État is a governmental body that acts both as legal adviser to the executive branch and as the supreme court for administrative justice, which is one of the two branches of the French judiciary system. Established in 1799 by Napoleon as a successor to the King's Council, it is located in the Palais-Royal in Paris and is primarily made up of top-level legal officers. The Vice President of the Council of State ranks as the ninth most important civil servant in France.
A decree is a legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state such as the president of a republic, or a monarch, according to certain procedures. It has the force of law. The particular term used for this concept may vary from country to country. The executive orders made by the President of the United States, for example, are decrees.
The Government of India, also known as the Central Government or simply the Centre, is the national authority of the Republic of India, a federal democracy located in South Asia, consisting of 28 union states and eight union territories.
The Council of State is a body established by the Constitution of Ireland to advise the President of Ireland in the exercise of many of their discretionary, reserve powers. It also has authority to provide for the temporary exercise of the duties of the president if these cannot be exercised by either the president or the Presidential Commission.
The Caribbean Court of Justice is the judicial institution of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). Established in 2005, it is based in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
The government of the Philippines has three interdependent branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The Philippines is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative and democratic constitutional republic in which the president functions as both the head of state and the head of government of the country within a pluriform multi-party system.
The Privy Council of England, also known as HisMajesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, was a body of advisers to the sovereign of the Kingdom of England. Its members were often senior members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons, together with leading churchmen, judges, diplomats and military leaders.
In most legal jurisdictions, a supreme court, also known as a court of last resort, apex court, and highcourt of appeal, is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts. Broadly speaking, the decisions of a supreme court are not subject to further review by any other court. Supreme courts typically function primarily as appellate courts, hearing appeals from decisions of lower trial courts, or from intermediate-level appellate courts.
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the Kingdom of Spain. Originally established pursuant to Title V of the Constitution of 1812 to replace —in all matters that affected justice— the System of Councils, and currently regulated by Title VI of the Constitution of 1978, it has original jurisdiction over cases against high-ranking officials of the Kingdom and over cases regarding illegalization of political parties. It also has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all cases. The Court has the power of judicial review, except for the judicial revision on constitutional matters, reserved to the Constitutional Court.
The Supreme Court of Ghana is the highest judicial body in Ghana. Ghana's 1992 constitution guarantees the independence and separation of the Judiciary from the Legislative and the Executive arms of government.
The Ministry of Law and Justice in the Government of India is a cabinet ministry which deals with the management of the legal affairs, legislative activities and administration of justice in India through its three departments namely the Legislative Department and the Department of Legal Affairs and the Department of Justice respectively. The Department of Legal Affairs is concerned with advising the various Ministries of the Central Government while the Legislative Department is concerned with drafting of principal legislation for the Central Government. The ministry is headed by Cabinet Minister of Law and Justice Arjun Ram Meghwal appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of the Prime Minister of India. The first Law and Justice minister of independent India was Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, who served in the Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet during 1947–51.
The Privy Council of Tonga is the highest ranking council to advise the Monarch in the Kingdom of Tonga. It is empowered to advise the King in his capacity as Head of State and Fountain of Justice under the provisions of Clause 50 of the Constitution of Tonga:
A cabinet is a group of members usually from the executive branch. Cabinets are typically the body responsible for the day-to-day management of the government and response to sudden events, whereas the legislative and judicial branches work in a measured pace, in sessions according to lengthy procedures.
The Supreme Court of Mauritius is the highest court of Mauritius and the final court of appeal in the Mauritian judicial system. It was established in its current form in 1850, replacing the Cour d'Appel established in 1808 during the French administration and has a permanent seat in Port Louis. There is a right of appeal from the Supreme Court of Mauritius directly to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) is the court of final appeal for Mauritius.
