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References
- 1 2 3 François Bougard, "Entre Gandolfinigi et Obertenghi: les comtes de Plaisance aux Xe et XIe siècles", Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome: Moyen-Âge, 101,1 (1989), pp. 11–66.
- ↑ Charles E. Odegaard, "The Empress Engelberge", Speculum , 26, 1 (1951), pp. 77–103, at p. 88.
- ↑ Alexander O'Hara and Faye Taylor, "Aristocratic and Monastic Conflict in Tenth-Century Italy: The Case of Bobbio and the Miracula sancti Columbani", Viator, 44, 3 (2013), pp. 43–62.
- ↑ Piacenza entry (in Italian) by Mario Longhena, Alda Levi Spinazzola, Arturo Pettorelli, Luigi Pairig, Tammaro De Marinis and Natale Carotti in the Enciclopedia italiana (1935).
- ↑ Chris Wickham, Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900–1150 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), p. 253.
- ↑ John W. Barker and Christopher Kleinhenz, "Piacenza", in Christopher Kleinhenz, ed., Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia (New York and London: Routledge, 2004), pp. 892–93.