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The Aberdeen Angus, sometimes simply Angus, is a Scottish breed of small beef cattle. It derives from cattle native to the counties of Aberdeenshire and Angus in north-eastern Scotland.
The Hereford is a British breed of beef cattle that originated in the county of Herefordshire, in the West Midlands of England. It has been exported to many countries, and there are more than five million purebred Hereford cattle in over fifty nations worldwide. The breed was first exported from the United Kingdom in 1817, initially to Kentucky, and spreading across the United States and Canada, through Mexico, to the great beef-raising countries of South America. Today, Hereford cattle dominate the world scene from Australasia to the Russian steppes. They can be found in Israel, Japan and throughout continental Europe and Scandinavia, in the temperate parts of Australia, Canada, the United States, Kazakhstan and Russia, in the centre and east of Argentina, in Uruguay, in Chile, and in New Zealand, where they make up the largest proportion of registered cattle. They are found all around Brazil and they are also found in some Southern African countries. They originally found great popularity among ranchers of the American Southwest, testament to the hardiness of the breed; while originating in cool, moist Britain, they have proven to thrive in much harsher climates on nearly every continent.
Criollo or criolla may refer to:
The Criollo, or Crioulo, is the native horse of the Pampas with a reputation for long-distance endurance linked to a low basal metabolism. The breed, known for its hardiness and stamina, is popular in its home countries.
Corriente cattle are a breed of Criollo cattle descended from Spanish animals brought to the Americas as early as 1493. They are primarily used today as sport cattle for rodeo events such as team roping and bulldogging. Some breeders raise them for their meat, which contains approximately half the fat of the meat from most modern beef cattle.
The Belted Galloway is a traditional Scottish breed of beef cattle. It derives from the Galloway cattle of the Galloway region of south-western Scotland, and was established as a separate breed in 1921. It is adapted to living on the poor upland pastures and windswept moorlands of the region. The exact origin of the breed is unclear, although the white belt for which they are named – and which distinguishes the breed from the native black Galloway cattle – is often surmised to be the result of cross-breeding with the similarly-coloured Dutch Lakenvelder breed.
The British White is a naturally polled British cattle breed, white with black or red points, used mainly for beef. It has a confirmed history dating back to the 17th century.
Santa Gertrudis cattle are a tropical beef breed of cattle developed in southern Texas on the King Ranch. They were named for the Spanish land grant where Captain Richard King originally established the King Ranch. This breed was officially recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1940, becoming the first beef breed formed in the United States. The origin given by King Ranch is that it was formed by mating Brahman bulls with Beef Shorthorn cows, with the final composition being about three-eighths Brahman and five-eighths Shorthorn. In 1918, the King Ranch purchased 52 bulls of three-quarters to seven-eighths Bos indicus breeding to mate with 2500 pure-bred Shorthorn cows on the ranch. At this time, the American Brahman breed as such did not exist, nor were purebred Bos indicus cattle available in the United States.
The Portuguese word crioulo may refer to:
The Florida Cracker Horse is a breed of horse from the state of Florida in the United States. It is genetically and physically similar to many other Spanish-style horses, especially those from the Spanish Colonial horse group. The Florida Cracker is a gaited breed known for its agility and speed. The Spanish first brought horses to Florida with their expeditions in the early 16th century; as colonial settlement progressed, they used the horses for herding cattle. These horses developed into the Florida Cracker type seen today, and continued to be used by Florida cowboys until the 1930s.
Criollo are Latin Americans who are of solely or of mostly Spanish descent; such ancestry distinguishes them both from multi-racial Latin Americans and from Latin Americans of post-colonial European immigrant origin.
Australian Brangus are a polled breed of beef cattle, developed in the tropical coastal areas of Queensland, Australia by crossbreeding Brahman and Angus cattle during the 1950s.
The Tipo Carora or Carora is a Venezuelan breed of dairy cattle. It was bred in the early part of the twentieth century by artificial insemination of local Criollo cows with imported semen from Brown Swiss bulls. It is named for its place of origin, the town of Carora in the Venezuelan state of Lara.
The Florida Cracker cow is a breed of cattle developed in the state of Florida, and named for the Florida cracker culture in which it was kept. Also known as the Florida scrub cattle or just as the cracker cow, these cattle are one of the criollo-type breeds originally brought to the Southern U.S. by the Spanish Conquistadors. The breed is very closely related to the Pineywoods cattle breed, but purebred Crackers have not been crossbred with any English breeds, like the Pineywoods has. Other related breeds include the Corriente and Texas Longhorn.
The Argentine Criollo is one of the Criollo type cattle found in the Americas. Criollo cattle are descended from the first bovines brought by Christopher Columbus in his travels to America. These cattle are known for their docility and workability in addition to tremendous genetic variability. Like their Criollo relatives, the Argentine Criollo exhibits the full range of Bos taurus color patterns. These animals are highly adapted to their environment due to feral - naturally selective breeding regimes over the past 500 years, therefore they are extremely desirable for crossbreeding with traditional European breeds to assure incredible hybrid vigor. The Asociación Argentina de Criadores de Ganado Bovino Criollo was established in 1990 as the official breed society. Owners who wish to register their livestock with the Criollo Association must have their cattle tested and examined for pureness of origin, before they can be considered purebred Argentine Criollo cattle.
The Romosinuano is a breed of cattle native to Colombia. Its name derives from the fact that the breed is polled (romo) and that it originated from the Sinú River valley (sinuano). Romosinunao are a criollo type, developed from the horned Costeño con Cuernos breed of Spanish origin. It is unclear whether the polled nature of the Romosinuano was due to natural mutation or to cross-breeding with European types such as the Angus or Red Poll.
The Rarámuri Criollo is a landrace biotype of Criollo cattle indigenous to the Sierra Tarahumara region of the Copper Canyon, Mexico. In 2005 a small group was introduced to the Jornada Experimental Range (JER) in New Mexico, in the United States for scientific study.
The Guzerá or Guzerat is a Brazilian breed of domestic cattle. It derives from cross-breeding of Indian Kankrej cattle, imported to Brazil from 1870 onwards, with local taurine Crioulo cattle of European origin. The name is a Portuguese spelling of that of the western Indian state of Gujarat.
Venezuelan Criollo or Criollo Limonero, are a landrace breed of Bos taurus that have adapted over the past 400 years to the tropical dry forests of Zulia, Venezuela. Criollo Limonero, like other Criollo cattle bio-types, have descended from Andalusian breeds of cattle brought to the Americas by early explorers to the New World. Criollo Limonero are prized for having good milk yields, high fertility, and a docile temperament. Criollo Limonero are considered national patrimony to Venezuela; some studies show a high genetic diversity among the breed which researchers view as a resource for conserving the sustainable, locally adapted dairy breed.
References
- ↑ Rouse, John E. (1977). The Criollo: Spanish cattle in the Americas (1st ed.). University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0806114040.
- ↑ Appendices 1, “Cattle breeds by country,” and 2, “Breed names in local language and English,” supplementary material to Marleen Felius, Bert Theunissen, Johannes A Lenstra, “Conservation of cattle genetic resources: The role of breeds,” The Journal of Agricultural Science, volume 153, issue 01, January 2015, pp 152-162.
- 1 2 3 Mason, Ian Lauder: A world dictionary of livestock breeds, types and varieties. 4th edition. CAD International, Wallingford 1996, ISBN 0-85199-102-5, p. 32
- ↑ Anderson, Dean M., Rick E. Estell, Alfredo L. Gonzalez, Andres F. Cibils, and L A. Torell. "Criollo cattle: Heritage Genetics for Arid Landscapes." Rangelands 37.2 (2015): 62-67. Print.
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