DKK2

DKK2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2JTK
Identifiers
Aliases	DKK2 , DKK-2, dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2
External IDs	OMIM: 605415 MGI: 1890663 HomoloGene: 8681 GeneCards: DKK2
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (human)
End	107,283,806 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (mouse)
End	132,180,304 bp
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• co-receptor binding ; • receptor antagonist activity ;
Cellular component	• extracellular region ; • extracellular space ;
Biological process	• positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway ; • multicellular organism development ; • negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway ; • Wnt signaling pathway ; • negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway ; • extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction ; • negative regulation of signaling receptor activity ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	27123
	56811
	ENSG00000155011
	ENSMUSG00000028031
	Q9UBU2
	Q9QYZ8
	NM_014421
	NM_020265
	NP_055236
	NP_064661
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated July 02, 2021

Dickkopf-related protein 2 is a protein in the Dickkopf family that in humans is encoded by the DKK2 gene.^[5]^[6]

Related Research Articles

The Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways which begin with proteins that pass signals into a cell through cell surface receptors. The name Wnt is a portmanteau created from the names Wingless and Int-1. Wnt signaling pathways use either nearby cell-cell communication (paracrine) or same-cell communication (autocrine). They are highly evolutionarily conserved in animals, which means they are similar across animal species from fruit flies to humans.

Axin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AXIN1 gene.

Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LEF1 gene.

Proto-oncogene Wnt-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT1 gene.

Frizzled-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FZD5 gene.

Frizzled-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FZD1 gene.

Frizzled-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FZD8 gene.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRP5 gene. LRP5 is a key component of the LRP5/LRP6/Frizzled co-receptor group that is involved in canonical Wnt pathway. Mutations in LRP5 can lead to considerable changes in bone mass. A loss-of-function mutation causes osteoporosis-pseudoglioma, while a gain-of-function mutation causes drastic increases in bone mass.

Dickkopf-related protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DKK1 gene.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRP6 gene. LRP6 is a key component of the LRP5/LRP6/Frizzled co-receptor group that is involved in canonical Wnt pathway.

Protein Wnt-3a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT3A gene.

Dickkopf-related protein 3 is a protein in the Dickkopf family that in humans is encoded by the DKK3 gene.

Protein Wnt-7a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT7A gene.

Sorting nexin-17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNX17 gene.

Spectrin beta chain, brain 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPTBN2 gene.

Kremen protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KREMEN1 gene. Kremen1 is conserved in chordates including amphioxus and most vertebrate species. The protein is a type I transmembrane receptor of ligands Dickkopf1, Dickkopf2, Dickkopf3, Dickkopf4, EpCAM and Rspondin1.

R-spondin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RSPO3 gene.

R-spondin 2 also known as roof plate-specific spondin-2 is a protein that in humans that is encoded by the RSPO2 gene.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP-4), also known as multiple epidermal growth factor-like domains 7 (MEGF7), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRP4 gene. LRP-4 is a member of the Lipoprotein receptor-related protein family and may be a regulator of Wnt signaling.

Dickkopf (DKK) is a family of proteins consisting of five members as of 2020. The most well-studied is Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1). DKK proteins inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway coreceptors LRP5 and LRP6. They bind with high affinity as ligands to KREMEN1 and KREMEN2, which are transmembrane proteins. DKK proteins have important roles in the development of vertebrates.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000155011 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028031 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, Robison K, Chickering TW, Amaravadi L, et al. (October 1999). "Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family". Gene. 238 (2): 301–13. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00365-0. PMID 10570958.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: DKK2 dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis)".
↑ Song Y, Boncompagni AC, Kim SS, Gochnauer HR, Zhang Y, Loots GG, et al. (December 2018). "Regional Control of Hairless versus Hair-Bearing Skin by Dkk2". Cell Reports. 25 (11): 2981–2991.e3. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.017. PMC 6345517 . PMID 30509557.

Wu W, Glinka A, Delius H, Niehrs C (2001). "Mutual antagonism between dickkopf1 and dickkopf2 regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signalling". Current Biology. 10 (24): 1611–4. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00868-X. PMID 11137016. S2CID 6397269.
Mao B, Wu W, Li Y, Hoppe D, Stannek P, Glinka A, Niehrs C (May 2001). "LDL-receptor-related protein 6 is a receptor for Dickkopf proteins". Nature. 411 (6835): 321–5. doi:10.1038/35077108. PMID 11357136. S2CID 4323027.
Li L, Mao J, Sun L, Liu W, Wu D (February 2002). "Second cysteine-rich domain of Dickkopf-2 activates canonical Wnt signaling pathway via LRP-6 independently of dishevelled". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (8): 5977–81. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111131200 . PMID 11742004.
Brott BK, Sokol SY (September 2002). "Regulation of Wnt/LRP signaling by distinct domains of Dickkopf proteins". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 (17): 6100–10. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.17.6100-6110.2002. PMC 133995 . PMID 12167704.
Mao B, Niehrs C (January 2003). "Kremen2 modulates Dickkopf2 activity during Wnt/LRP6 signaling". Gene. 302 (1–2): 179–83. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01106-X. PMID 12527209.
Kuphal S, Lodermeyer S, Bataille F, Schuierer M, Hoang BH, Bosserhoff AK (August 2006). "Expression of Dickkopf genes is strongly reduced in malignant melanoma". Oncogene. 25 (36): 5027–36. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209508 . PMID 16568085.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000155011 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028031 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10570958-5] Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, Robison K, Chickering TW, Amaravadi L, et al. (October 1999). "Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family". Gene. 238 (2): 301–13. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00365-0. PMID 10570958.

[entrez-6] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: DKK2 dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis)".

[7] Song Y, Boncompagni AC, Kim SS, Gochnauer HR, Zhang Y, Loots GG, et al. (December 2018). "Regional Control of Hairless versus Hair-Bearing Skin by Dkk2". Cell Reports. 25 (11): 2981–2991.e3. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.017. PMC 6345517 . PMID 30509557.

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DKK2

Contents

See also

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading