DPP9

Last updated

DPP9
Identifiers
Aliases DPP9 , DP9, DPLP9, DPRP-2, DPRP2, dipeptidyl peptidase 9, DPP IX
External IDs OMIM: 608258; MGI: 2443967; HomoloGene: 16385; GeneCards: DPP9; OMA:DPP9 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_139159
NM_001365987

NM_172624
NM_001360284

RefSeq (protein)

NP_631898
NP_001352916

NP_766212
NP_001347213

Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 4.68 – 4.72 Mb Chr 17: 56.49 – 56.53 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DPP9 gene. [5]

Contents

Function

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the S9B family in clan SC of the serine proteases. The protein has been shown to have post-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity, cleaving Xaa-Pro dipeptides from the N-termini of proteins. Although the activity of this protein is similar to that of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), it does not appear to be membrane bound.

In general, dipeptidyl peptidases appear to be involved in the regulation of the activity of their substrates and have been linked to a variety of diseases including type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. Several transcript variants of this gene have been described but not fully characterized. [5] More specifically, DPP9 interacts with the NLRP1 protein and affects the level of activation of the NLRP1 inflammasome. This function involves binding to a complex of full-length NLRP1 and a proinflammatory fragment of NLRP1 after activation by autocleavage. [6] [7] A similar mechanism allows DPP9 to regulate the CARD8 inflammasome. [8]

Animal studies

Genetic analysis of knockout alleles of DPP9 in mice and zebrafish showed a severe phenotype that could be rescued by mutation of NLPR1. [9]

Clinical significance

Mutations in NLRP1 that block DPP9 interaction lead to a rare Mendelian condition called Autoinflammation with Arthritis and Dyskeratosis [10] [11] A homozygous recessive syndrome dubbed Hatipoğlu syndrome is attributed to mutations in DPP9 with a phenotype of failure to thrive, skin manifestations, pancytopenia, and susceptibility to infections. [9]

This gene has also been linked to severe COVID-19. [12]

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000142002 Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000001229 Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: DPP9 dipeptidyl-peptidase 9".
  6. Hollingsworth LR, Sharif H, Griswold AR, Fontana P, Mintseris J, Dagbay KB, et al. (April 2021). "DPP9 sequesters the C terminus of NLRP1 to repress inflammasome activation". Nature. 592 (7856): 778–783. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..778H. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03350-4. PMC   8299537 . PMID   33731932.
  7. Huang M, Zhang X, Toh GA, Gong Q, Wang J, Han Z, et al. (April 2021). "Structural and biochemical mechanisms of NLRP1 inhibition by DPP9". Nature. 592 (7856): 773–777. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..773H. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03320-w. PMC   8081665 . PMID   33731929.
  8. Sharif H, Hollingsworth LR, Griswold AR, Hsiao JC, Wang Q, Bachovchin DA, et al. (July 2021). "Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 sets a threshold for CARD8 inflammasome formation by sequestering its active C-terminal fragment". Immunity. 54 (7): 1392–1404.e10. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.024. PMC   8423358 . PMID   34019797.
  9. 1 2 Harapas CR, Robinson KS, Lay K, Wong J, Moreno Traspas R, Nabavizadeh N, et al. (September 2022). "DPP9 deficiency: An inflammasomopathy that can be rescued by lowering NLRP1/IL-1 signaling". Science Immunology. 7 (75): eabi4611. doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abi4611. hdl: 10754/681562 . PMC   9844213 . PMID   36112693.
  10. "Autoinflammation With Arthritis and Dyskeratosis; AIADK". Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. 617388.
  11. Zhong FL, Robinson K, Teo DE, Tan KY, Lim C, Harapas CR, et al. (December 2018). "Human DPP9 represses NLRP1 inflammasome and protects against autoinflammatory diseases via both peptidase activity and FIIND domain binding". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 293 (49): 18864–18878. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.004350 . PMC   6295727 . PMID   30291141.
  12. Ferreira LC, Gomes CE, Rodrigues-Neto JF, Jeronimo SM (December 2022). "Genome-wide association studies of COVID-19: Connecting the dots". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 106: 105379. Bibcode:2022InfGE.10605379F. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105379. PMC   9584840 . PMID   36280088.

Further reading