Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DVL3 gene. [5] [6]
This gene is a member of a multi-gene family which shares strong similarity with the Drosophila dishevelled gene, dsh. The Drosophila dishevelled gene encodes a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein that regulates cell proliferation. [6]
DVL3 has been shown to interact with DAB2, [7] DVL1 [8] and PRPF3. [9]
Catenin beta-1, also known as beta-catenin (β-catenin), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene.
BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog , also known as BAMBI, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BAMBI gene.
Axin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AXIN1 gene.
Proto-oncogene Wnt-1, or Proto-oncogene Int-1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT1 gene.
Frizzled-2(Fz-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FZD2 gene.
Frizzled-5(Fz-5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FZD5 gene.
Frizzled-7(Fd-7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FZD7 gene.
Frizzled-9(Fz-9) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FZD9 gene. Fz-9 has also been designated as CD349.
Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DVL1 gene.
HMG-box transcription factor 1, also known as HBP1, is a human protein.
Serine/threonine protein kinase NLK is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NLK gene. Its name is an abbreviation for Nemo-Like Kinase, Nemo (nmo) being the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian NLK gene. This enzyme is a member of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, although not explicitly designated as such. It is a highly divergent, atypical member of the MAPK group, lacking most features so characteristic of most mitogen-activated protein kinases. Its activation mechanism and downstream targets are still not well characterized.
Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DVL2 gene.
Suppressor of fused homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUFU gene. In molecular biology, the protein domain suppressor of fused protein (Sufu) has an important role in the cell. The Sufu is important in negatively regulating an important signalling pathway in the cell, the Hedgehog signalling pathway (HH). This particular pathway is crucial in embryonic development. There are several homologues of Sufu, found in a wide variety of organisms.
Cleavage stimulation factor 77 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSTF3 gene.
Proto-oncogene FRAT1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FRAT1 gene.
Kelch-like protein 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLHL12 gene.
Protein Wnt-5b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT5B gene.
CXXC-type zinc finger protein 5 is a protein that is encoded by the CXXC5 gene in humans.
Dishevelled (Dsh) is a family of proteins involved in canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways. Dsh is a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein that acts directly downstream of frizzled receptors. It takes its name from its initial discovery in flies, where a mutation in the dishevelled gene was observed to cause improper orientation of body and wing hairs. There are vertebrate homologs in zebrafish, Xenopus (Xdsh), mice and humans. Dsh relays complex Wnt signals in tissues and cells, in normal and abnormal contexts. It is thought to interact with the SPATS1 protein when regulating the Wnt Signalling pathway.
Naked cuticle 1 (NKD1) is a human gene that encodes the protein Nkd1, a member of the Naked cuticle (Nkd) family of proteins that regulate the Wnt signaling pathway. Insects typically have a single Nkd gene, whereas there are two Nkd genes, Nkd1 and Nkd2, in most vertebrates studied to date. Nkd1 binds to the Dishevelled (Dvl) family of proteins. Specific truncating NKD1 mutations identified in DNA mismatch repair deficient colon cancer that disrupt Nkd1/Dvl binding implicate these mutations as a cause of increased Wnt signaling in approximately 1% of human colon cancer, the majority of which have increased Wnt signaling due to mutations the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), AXIN2, or rarely the beta-catenin genes.
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