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Dale T. Umetsu | |
---|---|
Nationality | American |
Occupation(s) | Academic physician, immunologist and pharmaceutical executive |
Academic background | |
Education | Columbia University (BA) New York University (MD and PhD) |
Academic work | |
Discipline | Immunology Translational medicine |
Institutions | Harvard Medical School Boston Children's Hospital Stanford University University of California,San Francisco |
Dale T. Umetsu is an American academic physician,immunologist and pharmaceutical executive,who currently serves as clinical professor of medicine at Stanford University and clinical professor of pediatrics at the University of California,San Francisco. [1] [2] [3] Previously,he served as the Prince Turki bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and as a tenured professor of pediatrics at Stanford University. [4] [5] [6]
Umetsu earned a Bachelor of Arts in biochemistry from Columbia University,followed by an MD and PhD in medicine and immunology from New York University. [7] [8] He completed his residency at Boston Children's Hospital,affiliated with Harvard Medical School. [7] [8]
Umetsu began his academic career at Stanford University as a professor,where he also served as the director of the Asthma Center. [7]
In 2005,Umetsu joined Harvard Medical School as the Prince Turki Bin Abdul Aziz al Saud Professor of Pediatrics and conducted NIH-funded laboratory research for over two decades. [7] [9] His roles included Treasurer of the Society for Mucosal Immunology from 2007 to 2011,a member of the editorial board of Mucosal Immunology since 2008,and associate editor from 2009 onwards. [10] He also served on the board of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology from 2002 to 2007,as a member of the Allergenic Products Advisory Committee at CBER FDA from 1998 to 2002,and as a Study Section chair with the Center for Scientific Review from 1998 to 2000.
In 2013,Umetsu transitioned from academia to the role of Principal Medical Director in Respiratory and Allergic Diseases and Global Development Lead for Xolair at Genentech. [7]
Umetsu's research primarily focuses on the immunobiology of allergic diseases and asthma,focusing on subsets of CD4 T cells,Natural killer T cells,Treg cells,innate lymphoid cells and the TIM gene family. He has published over 200 manuscripts,holds nine patents,and has been working in translational medicine in asthma and food allergies. [11] [7]
Umetsu's research has shown that omalizumab,an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody,marketed as Xolair by Genentech,can significantly mitigate allergic reactions in individuals with severe food allergies. [12] These studies led to his role at Genentech,as Principal Medical Director and Global Development Lead,where he led efforts that culminated in a successful Phase 3 study (a collaboration between Genentech and the NIH) and subsequent FDA approval of omalizumab for food allergy in 2024. [13]
In 2004,Umetsu led a team that developed vaccines that reduced or eliminated dogs' allergic reactions to peanuts,milk,and wheat. [14] Umetsu's approach,using heat-killed Listeria mixed with allergens,targets the hygiene hypothesis. [15]
Allergies,also known as allergic diseases,are various conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. These diseases include hay fever,food allergies,atopic dermatitis,allergic asthma,and anaphylaxis. Symptoms may include red eyes,an itchy rash,sneezing,coughing,a runny nose,shortness of breath,or swelling. Note that food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions.
Anaphylaxis is a serious,potentially fatal allergic reaction and medical emergency that is rapid in onset and requires immediate medical attention regardless of the use of emergency medication on site. It typically causes more than one of the following:an itchy rash,throat closing due to swelling that can obstruct or stop breathing;severe tongue swelling that can also interfere with or stop breathing;shortness of breath,vomiting,lightheadedness,loss of consciousness,low blood pressure,and medical shock. These symptoms typically start in minutes to hours and then increase very rapidly to life-threatening levels. Urgent medical treatment is required to prevent serious harm and death,even if the patient has used an epipen or has taken other medications in response,and even if symptoms appear to be improving.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody that has been found only in mammals. IgE is synthesised by plasma cells. Monomers of IgE consist of two heavy chains and two light chains,with the εchain containing four Ig-like constant domains (Cε1–Cε4). IgE is thought to be an important part of the immune response against infection by certain parasitic worms,including Schistosoma mansoni,Trichinella spiralis,and Fasciola hepatica. IgE is also utilized during immune defense against certain protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum. IgE may have evolved as a defense to protect against venoms.
A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food. The symptoms of the allergic reaction may range from mild to severe. They may include itchiness,swelling of the tongue,vomiting,diarrhea,hives,trouble breathing,or low blood pressure. This typically occurs within minutes to several hours of exposure. When the symptoms are severe,it is known as anaphylaxis. A food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions,not due to an immune response.
Omalizumab,sold under the brand name Xolair among others,is an injectable medication to treat severe persistent allergic forms of asthma,nasal polyps,urticaria (hives),and immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy.
Allergen immunotherapy,also known as desensitization or hypo-sensitization,is a medical treatment for environmental allergies and asthma. Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger and larger amounts of allergens in an attempt to change the immune system's response.
Peanut allergy is a type of food allergy to peanuts. It is different from tree nut allergies,because peanuts are legumes and not true nuts. Physical symptoms of allergic reaction can include itchiness,hives,swelling,eczema,sneezing,asthma attack,abdominal pain,drop in blood pressure,diarrhea,and cardiac arrest. Anaphylaxis may occur. Those with a history of asthma are more likely to be severely affected.
Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more proteins in cow's milk. Symptoms may take hours to days to manifest,with symptoms including atopic dermatitis,inflammation of the esophagus,enteropathy involving the small intestine and proctocolitis involving the rectum and colon. However,rapid anaphylaxis is possible,a potentially life-threatening condition that requires treatment with epinephrine,among other measures.
Egg allergy is an immune hypersensitivity to proteins found in chicken eggs,and possibly goose,duck,or turkey eggs. Symptoms can be either rapid or gradual in onset. The latter can take hours to days to appear. The former may include anaphylaxis,a potentially life-threatening condition which requires treatment with epinephrine. Other presentations may include atopic dermatitis or inflammation of the esophagus.
Enzyme potentiated desensitization (EPD),is a treatment for allergies developed in the 1960s by Dr. Leonard M. McEwen in the United Kingdom. EPD uses much lower doses of antigens than conventional desensitization treatment paired with the enzyme β-glucuronidase. EPD is approved in the United Kingdom for the treatment of hay fever,food allergy and intolerance and environmental allergies.
Talizumab (TNX-901) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that was under development by Tanox in Houston,Texas as a new-concept therapeutic for allergic diseases. The unique anti-IgE antibody was designed to target immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgE-expressing B lymphocytes specifically,without binding to IgE already bound by the high affinity IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils. Talizumab was tested in clinical trials at National Jewish Medical and Research Center and other medical centers and allergy clinics across the U. S. and shown to be able to prevent allergic reactions to accidental exposure to peanuts,which is contained in many kinds of foods.
Tanox was a biopharmaceutical company based in Houston,Texas. The company was founded by two biomedical research scientists,Nancy T. Chang and Tse Wen Chang in March 1986 with $250,000,which was a large part of their family savings at that time. Both Changs grew up and received college education in chemistry in National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan and obtained Ph.D. degrees from Harvard University. For postdoctoral training,Tse Wen shifted to immunology and did research with Herman N. Eisen at the Center for Cancer Research,M.I.T. The two Changs successively became research managers and worked with a range of monoclonal antibody projects in Centocor,Inc. based in Malvern,Pennsylvania,from 1981 to 1985. The Changs were recruited by Baylor College of Medicine toward the end of 1985 and offered faculty positions in the Division of Molecular Virology. Soon after their arrival,they were encouraged by a high-ranking Baylor official and local business leaders to start a biotech venture in Houston. This was in a period of time when the economy of Houston was in slump as the result of the collapse of the oil industry.
Ann M. Arvin is an American pediatrician and microbiologist. She is the Lucile Salter Packard Professor of Pediatrics and Professor of Microbiology &Immunology Emerita at Stanford University. Arvin is a specialist of the Varicella zoster virus (VZV) and a prominent national figure in health. Arvin is currently the chief of the infectious diseases division of pediatrics at the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital,as well as the former Stanford's Vice Provost and Dean of Research.
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a systemic,non IgE-mediated response to a specific trigger within food –most likely food protein. FPIES presents in two different forms:an acute form and a chronic form. In its acute form,FPIES presents with vomiting that usually begins 1 to 4 hours after trigger food ingestion. Vomiting is often followed by a paleness to the skin,lethargy,and potentially watery,perhaps blood-tinged diarrhea. In the severe form of acute FPIES,a person will vomit until dehydration and until a shock-like state,which occurs in 15% of patients. In its chronic form,which can be difficult to diagnose until a person has already met diagnostic criteria for acute FPIES,after repeated or regular ingestion of the trigger food,the person presents with chronic or episodic vomiting,failure to thrive,and watery,perhaps blood-tinged diarrhea. FPIES can potentially develop at any age but seems most commonly to develop within the first few years of life. FPIES has mainly been documented in young infants,but can exist in older children and adults. Some people develop both FPIES and an IgE-mediated type of reaction to the same food,and having FPIES can increase a person's risk of also developing IgE-mediated food allergies.
Nancy Tang Chang,née Tang Nanshan,is a biochemist who cofounded Tanox in 1986 to address medical needs in the areas of allergy,asthma,inflammation and diseases affecting the human immune system. Tanox took an innovative approach in developing an asthma drug that focused on the allergy-related basis of asthma,Xolair. In June 2003,the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Xolair,the first biotech product cleared for treating those with asthma related to allergies. Tanox was also active in the development of TNX-355,an antibody for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. In 2007,Tanox was sold to Genentech for $919 million. Dr. Chang grew Tanox from an idea to a substantial publicly traded company,doing innovative science. Following her success with Tanox,she has become an angel investor in health-care entrepreneurships and performs philanthropic work in community health-education projects.
Kari C. Nadeau is the Chair of the Department of Environmental Health at Harvard School of Public Health and John Rock Professor of Climate and Population Studies. She is adjunct professor at Stanford University in the Department of Pediatrics and the co-chair of the Medical Societies Consortium for Climate Change and Health. She practices Allergy,Asthma,Immunology in children and adults. She has published over 400+ papers,many in the field of climate change and health. Her team focuses on quantifying health outcomes of solutions as they pertain climate change mitigation and adaptation at the local,regional,country,and global levels. Dr. Nadeau,with a team of individuals and patients and families,has been able to help major progress and impact in the clinical fields of immunology,infection,asthma,and allergy. Dr. Nadeau is a member of the National Academy of Medicine and the U.S. EPA Children’s Health Protection Committee.
Tse Wen Chang is an immunology researcher,whose career spans across academia and industry. His early research involving the Immunoglobulin E (IgE) pathway and antibody-based therapeutics lead to the development of omalizumab,a medication that has been approved for the treatment of severe allergic asthma and severe chronic spontaneous urticaria. Chang is a cofounder of Tanox,a biopharmaceutical company specialized in anti-IgE therapies for the treatment of allergic diseases. After Tanox's tripartite partnership with Genentech and Novartis was forged in 1996,Chang returned to his alma mater,the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan and served as the Dean (1996–1999) of the College of Life Sciences. Chang was appointed by the Taiwanese government as President of the Development Center for Biotechnology (DCB) in 2000,and served as a Science and Technology Advisor of the Executive Yuan from 2002 to 2006. From 2006 to 2016,he was tenured as Distinguished Research Fellow at the Genomics Research Center,Academia Sinica. He founded Immunwork,Inc. in 2014.
Frances Estelle Reed Simons is a Canadian physician and researcher. She was named to the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame in 2017.
Mariana Castells is a Spanish-American allergist who focuses on mast cell diseases,including mastocytosis,mast cell activation syndrome and hereditary alpha tryptasimia. Mastocytosis is a rare disease with limited treatment options. Castells works at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Massachusetts in the Department of Allergy,Rheumatology,and Immunology and at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute. She is also a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School.
Peanut allergen powder,sold under the brand name Palforzia,is an oral medication used for the treatment of children who have confirmed cases of peanut allergy. It is taken by mouth.