Daventry Academy

Last updated

Daventry Academy was a dissenting academy, that is, a school or college set up by English Dissenters. It moved to many locations, but was most associated with Daventry, where its most famous pupil was Joseph Priestley. It had a high reputation, and in time it was amalgamated into New College London.

Contents

History

An academy was started in Kibworth around 1715, and moved at some point to Market Harborough, where Philip Doddridge was chosen as its principal. The academy moved to Northampton in 1729. Doddridge was frequently travelling and it was his wife Mercy Doddridge who looked after the school's finances. [1] She corresponded her her husband but she sacked an employee on her own authority. The academy had at its largest seven employees to look after sixty-three students. [1]

The academy attracted the support of the Coward Trust, funded through the philanthropy of William Coward (died 1738), a London merchant who used his money to train ministers for the "protestant dissenters". After the death of Doddridge in 1751, his wife tidied up his affairs [1] and the trustees took over the academy. In 1752 the academy was moved to Daventry, back to Northampton, then to Wymondley, and finally in 1833 to London.

Northampton

While known as the Northampton Academy, several notable English Unitarian ministers were trained there, including Hugh Farmer and Lant Carpenter who studied there for a year in 1797, before the academy was closed by the trustees in 1798. When the school returned to Northampton in 1789, it was run by John Horsey with various assistant tutors. It had 38 or 39 students. The school, which was supposed to teach an Arian Christology, was probably closed due to growing Socinian influence in the Northampton Academy. [2]

In the second quarter of the 18th century, it was "undoubtedly one of the best dissenting academies" according to Priestley's most recent biographers. [3]

Subsequently

The academy later moved to Little Wymondley in Hertfordshire, in 1799, where it was known as Wymondley College. In 1833, it relocated again, this time to London, and was re-named Coward College. That proved to be the last incarnation as in 1850 it merged with Highbury College and Homerton College to form New College London.

Principals and alumni

Two of its principals were the Rev. Thomas Morell and Dr. Thomas William Jenkyn. [4] Caleb Ashworth (died 1775) and Samuel Clark (died 1769) took over after Doddridge died in 1751. [3]

Joseph Priestley studied theology there in the 1750s. Because he had already read widely, Priestley was allowed to skip the first two years of coursework. He continued his intense study; this, together with the liberal atmosphere of the school, shifted his theology further leftward and he became a Rational Dissenter. Abhorring dogma and religious mysticism, Rational Dissenters emphasized the rational analysis of the natural world and the Bible. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Price</span> British philosopher, preacher and mathematician (1723–1791)

Richard Price was a Welsh moral philosopher, Nonconformist minister and mathematician. He was also a political reformer, pamphleteer, active in radical, republican, and liberal causes such as the French and American Revolutions. He was well-connected and fostered communication between many people, including Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, George Washington, Mirabeau and the Marquis de Condorcet. According to the historian John Davies, Price was "the greatest Welsh thinker of all time".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philip Doddridge</span>

Philip Doddridge D.D. was an English Nonconformist minister, educator, and hymnwriter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lant Carpenter</span>

Lant Carpenter, Dr. was an English educator and Unitarian minister.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Job Orton</span>

Job Orton was an English dissenting minister.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New College London</span>

New College London (1850–1980) was founded as a Congregationalist college in 1850.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Warrington Academy</span> Dissenting academy in Warrington, Lancashire, England

Warrington Academy, active as a teaching establishment from 1756 to 1782, was a prominent dissenting academy, that is, a school or college set up by those who dissented from the established Church of England. It was located in Warrington, a town about half-way between the rapidly industrialising Manchester and the burgeoning Atlantic port of Liverpool. Formally dissolved in 1786, the funds then remaining were applied to the founding of Manchester New College in Manchester, which was effectively the Warrington Academy's successor, and in time this led to the formation of Harris Manchester College, Oxford.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph Priestley and education</span>

Joseph Priestley was a British natural philosopher, Dissenting clergyman, political theorist, and theologian. While his achievements in all of these areas are renowned, he was also dedicated to improving education in Britain; he did this on an individual level and through his support of the Dissenting academies. His grammar textbook was innovative and highly influential. More importantly, though, Priestley introduced a liberal arts curriculum at Warrington Academy, arguing that a practical education would be more useful to students than a classical one. He was also the first to advocate the study and teaching of modern history, an interest driven by his belief that humanity was improving and could bring about Christ's Millennium.

<i>Institutes of Natural and Revealed Religion</i>

The Institutes of Natural and Revealed Religion, written by 18th-century English Dissenting minister and polymath Joseph Priestley, is a three-volume work designed for religious education published by Joseph Johnson between 1772 and 1774. Its central argument is that revelation and natural law must coincide.

The dissenting academies were schools, colleges and seminaries run by English Dissenters, that is, those who did not conform to the Church of England. They formed a significant part of England's educational systems from the mid-seventeenth to nineteenth centuries.

Hugh Farmer was an English Dissenter and theologian.

John Aikin (1713–1780) was an English Unitarian scholar and theological tutor, closely associated with Warrington Academy, a prominent dissenting academy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New College at Hackney</span>

The New College at Hackney was a dissenting academy set up in Hackney in April 1786 by the social and political reformer Richard Price and others; Hackney at that time was a village on the outskirts of London, by Unitarians. It was in existence from 1786 to 1796. The writer William Hazlitt was among its pupils, sent aged 15 to prepare for the Unitarian ministry, and some of the best-known Dissenting intellectuals spent time on its staff.

William Coward (1648–1738) was a London merchant in the Jamaica trade, remembered for his support of Dissenters, particularly his educational philanthropy.

Caleb Ashworth, D.D. (1722–1775) was an English dissenting tutor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caleb Rotheram</span>

Caleb Rotheram D.D. (1694–1752) was an English dissenting minister and tutor.

Henry Moore (1732–1802) was an English Unitarian minister and hymn-writer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wymondley College</span>

Wymondley College was a dissenting academy at Wymondley House in Little Wymondley, Hertfordshire, England. Intended for the education of future nonconformist ministers of religion, it was in operation from 1799 to 1833, when it relocated to Byng Place in London and became known as Coward College. It was also known as Wymondley Academy and Wymondley House.

Samuel Clark (1727–1769) was an English nonconformist minister at the Old Meeting, Birmingham.

Timothy Kenrick (1759–1804) was a Welsh Unitarian minister, biblical commentator, and dissenting academy tutor.

Coward College was a dissenting academy at Byng Place, Torrington Square, London. Intended for the education of future nonconformist ministers of religion, it was in operation from 1833 to 1850. It was the successor to Wymondley College in Little Wymondley, Hertfordshire and the precursor, via a merger with two other colleges, of New College London.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B., eds. (23 September 2004), "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. ref:odnb/71065, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/71065 , retrieved 14 February 2023
  2. Larsen, Timothy, A People of One Book: The Bible and the Victorians 2011 "Lant Carpenter recurringly found himself in Unitarian contexts in which he was considered the liberal. At the age of seventeen, he entered Northampton Academy. Here, Arianism was taught (the belief that Jesus was the incarnation of a pre-existent, exalted being who is, ... Lant Carpenter, however, was identified as 'a determined Socinian' ... This conviction was so radical that the trustees eventually took the drastic step of shutting Northampton Academy down for a period in order to keep the liberal, Socinian virus from infecting more students."
  3. 1 2 Joseph Priestley, scientist, philosopher, and theologian. Ed. Isabel Rivers and David L. Wykes. OUP: 2008, p 26
  4. 'Coward College, Byng Place', Survey of London: volume 21: The parish of St Pancras part 3: Tottenham Court Road & neighbourhood (1949), pp. 91. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=65179 Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Date accessed: 15 January 2010
  5. McEvoy, John G., "Enlightenment and Dissent in Science: Joseph Priestley and the Limits of Theoretical Reasoning". Enlightenment and Dissent 2 (1983): 48–49.