David Alan Johnson | |
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Born | 1952 (age 70–71) |
Academic background | |
Alma mater |
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Academic work | |
Discipline | Philosophy |
Sub-discipline | Epistemology,philosophical logic |
Institutions | University of Nebraska Princeton University Ohio State University University of Connecticut Wesleyan University College of William &Mary Syracuse University UCLA Yeshiva University |
Notable works | Hume,Holism,and Miracles (1999) Truth Without Paradox (2004) |
Website | www |
David Alan Johnson (born 1952) is Associate Professor of Philosophy and chair of the Department of Philosophy at Yeshiva University [1] and has previously taught at UCLA,Syracuse University,Ohio State University,University of Connecticut,Wesleyan University,and College of William &Mary. [2]
He was raised in Lincoln,Nebraska,and earned his BA from the University of Nebraska while studying under Robert Audi. He earned his PhD from Princeton University while studying under Gilbert Harman,and was influenced by Saul Kripke's work. His areas of concentration are Analytic philosophy,Philosophical logic,Epistemology,and Philosophy of Religion,and he is conservative and theist.
In his first book,Hume,Holism,and Miracles, [3] Johnson purports to have refuted David Hume's popular argument for the irrationality of belief in testimony of miracles (as can be found in his essay entitled "Of Miracles") as well as several reconstructions of Hume's argument,such as those of philosophers Jordan Howard Sobel,John Stuart Mill,J. L. Mackie,and Antony Flew. Subsequently,Robert Fogelin (of Dartmouth College) responded to Johnson's critique (among others') of Hume in his book A Defense of Hume on Miracles, [4] claiming that they had misunderstood Hume's argument..
Johnson's second book,Truth Without Paradox, [5] purports to resolve some traditional problems in Metaphysics,including the Liar paradox and the Lottery paradox. In its fifth and final chapter,Johnson presents an ontological argument and a historical argument for the existence of God and the validity of the Bible.
David Hume was a Scottish Enlightenment philosopher,historian,economist,librarian,and essayist,who is best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism,skepticism,and naturalism. Beginning with A Treatise of Human Nature (1739–40),Hume strove to create a naturalistic science of man that examined the psychological basis of human nature. Hume argued against the existence of innate ideas,positing that all human knowledge derives solely from experience. This places him with Francis Bacon,Thomas Hobbes,John Locke,and George Berkeley as an empiricist.
Deism is the philosophical position and rationalistic theology that generally rejects revelation as a source of divine knowledge,and asserts that empirical reason and observation of the natural world are exclusively logical,reliable,and sufficient to determine the existence of a Supreme Being as the creator of the universe. More simply stated,Deism is the belief in the existence of God,specifically in a creator who does not intervene in the universe after creating it,solely based on rational thought without any reliance on revealed religions or religious authority. Deism emphasizes the concept of natural theology.
Foundationalism concerns philosophical theories of knowledge resting upon non-inferential justified belief,or some secure foundation of certainty such as a conclusion inferred from a basis of sound premises. The main rival of the foundationalist theory of justification is the coherence theory of justification,whereby a body of knowledge,not requiring a secure foundation,can be established by the interlocking strength of its components,like a puzzle solved without prior certainty that each small region was solved correctly.
Willard Van Orman Quine was an American philosopher and logician in the analytic tradition,recognized as "one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century". From 1930 until his death 70 years later,Quine was continually affiliated with Harvard University in one way or another,first as a student,then as a professor. He filled the Edgar Pierce Chair of Philosophy at Harvard from 1956 to 1978.
A fact is a datum about one or more aspects of a circumstance,which,if accepted as true and proven true,allows a logical conclusion to be reached on a true–false evaluation. Standard reference works are often used to check facts. Scientific facts are verified by repeatable careful observation or measurement by experiments or other means.
Hilary Whitehall Putnam was an American philosopher,mathematician,and computer scientist,and a major figure in analytic philosophy in the second half of the 20th century. He made significant contributions to philosophy of mind,philosophy of language,philosophy of mathematics,and philosophy of science. Outside philosophy,Putnam contributed to mathematics and computer science. Together with Martin Davis he developed the Davis–Putnam algorithm for the Boolean satisfiability problem and he helped demonstrate the unsolvability of Hilbert's tenth problem.
Richard McKay Rorty was an American philosopher. Educated at the University of Chicago and Yale University,he had strong interests and training in both the history of philosophy and in contemporary analytic philosophy. Rorty had a long and diverse academic career,including positions as Stuart Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University,Kenan Professor of Humanities at the University of Virginia,and Professor of Comparative literature at Stanford University. Among his most influential books are Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (1979),Consequences of Pragmatism (1982),and Contingency,Irony,and Solidarity (1989).
John Leslie Mackie was an Australian philosopher. He made significant contributions to the philosophy of religion,metaphysics,and the philosophy of language.
Critical rationalism is an epistemological philosophy advanced by Karl Popper on the basis that,if a statement cannot be logically deduced,it might nevertheless be possible to logically falsify it. Following Hume,Popper rejected any inductive logic that is ampliative,i.e.,any logic that can provide more knowledge than deductive logic. In other words if we cannot assert it logically,we should at the least try to logically falsify it,which led Popper to his falsifiability criterion.
Robert C. Solomon was a philosopher and business ethicist,notable author,and "Distinguished Teaching Professor of Business and Philosophy" at the University of Texas at Austin,where he held a named chair and taught for more than 30 years,authoring The Passions:Emotions and the Meaning of Life (1976) and more than 45 other books and editions. Critical of the narrow focus of Anglo-American analytic philosophy,which he thought denied human nature and abdicated the important questions of life,he instead wrote analytically in response to the continental discourses of phenomenology and existentialism,on sex and love,on business ethics,and on other topics to which he brought an Aristotelian perspective on virtue ethics. He also wrote A Short History of Philosophy and others with his wife,Professor Kathleen Higgins.
Pyrrhonism is an Ancient Greek school of philosophical skepticism which rejects dogma and advocates the suspension of judgement over the truth of all beliefs. It was founded by Aenesidemus in the first century BCE,and said to have been inspired by the teachings of Pyrrho and Timon of Phlius in the fourth century BCE. Pyrrhonism is best known today through the surviving works of Sextus Empiricus,writing in the late second century or early third century CE. The publication of Sextus' works in the Renaissance ignited a revival of interest in Skepticism and played a major role in Reformation thought and the development of early modern philosophy.
Laurence BonJour is an American philosopher and Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Washington.
David Schmidtz is a Canadian-American philosopher. He is Presidential Chair of Moral Science at West Virginia University's Chambers College of Business and Economics. He is also editor-in-chief of the journal Social Philosophy &Policy. Previously,he was Kendrick Professor of Philosophy and Eller Chair of Service-Dominant Logic at the University of Arizona. While at Arizona,he founded and served as inaugural head of the Department of Political Economy and Moral Science.
Gary Robert Habermas is an American New Testament scholar and theologian who frequently writes and lectures on the resurrection of Jesus. He has specialized in cataloging and communicating trends among scholars in the field of historical Jesus and New Testament studies. He is distinguished research professor and chair of the department of philosophy and theology at Liberty University.
Metaphysical naturalism is a philosophical worldview which holds that there is nothing but natural elements,principles,and relations of the kind studied by the natural sciences. Methodological naturalism is a philosophical basis for science,for which metaphysical naturalism provides only one possible ontological foundation. Broadly,the corresponding theological perspective is religious naturalism or spiritual naturalism. More specifically,metaphysical naturalism rejects the supernatural concepts and explanations that are part of many religions.
Robert N. Audi is an American philosopher whose major work has focused on epistemology,ethics,rationality and the theory of action. He is O'Brien Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame,and previously held a Chair in the Business School there. His 2005 book,The Good in the Right,updates and strengthens Rossian intuitionism and develops the epistemology of ethics. He has also written important works of political philosophy,particularly on the relationship between church and state. He is a past president of the American Philosophical Association and the Society of Christian Philosophers.
"Of Miracles" is the title of Section X of David Hume's An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748).
Epistemology or theory of knowledge is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope (limitations) of knowledge. It addresses the questions "What is knowledge?","How is knowledge acquired?","What do people know?","How do we know what we know?",and "Why do we know what we know?". Much of the debate in this field has focused on analyzing the nature of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as truth,belief,and justification. It also deals with the means of production of knowledge,as well as skepticism about different knowledge claims.
Robert John Fogelin was an American philosopher,and advocate and leading scholar of modern Pyrrhonism. He was a professor of philosophy and Sherman Fairchild Professor in the humanities (emeritus) at Dartmouth College where he had taught since 1980. He was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2005.
The Quine–Putnam indispensability argument is an argument in the philosophy of mathematics for the existence of abstract mathematical objects such as numbers and sets,a position known as mathematical platonism. It was named after the philosophers Willard Quine and Hilary Putnam,and is one of the most-important arguments in the philosophy of mathematics. It is widely considered to be one of the best arguments for platonism.
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