David Dwight Baldwin | |
---|---|
Born | |
Died | June 16, 1912 80) Honolulu | (aged
Resting place | Makawao Union Church |
Alma mater | Yale |
Occupation(s) | Businessman, Educator |
Spouse | Lois Gregory Morris |
Children | 8 |
Parent(s) | Dwight Baldwin Charlotte Fowler |
David Dwight Baldwin (November 26, 1831 – June 16, 1912) [1] was a businessman, educator, and biologist on Maui in the Hawaiian Islands. Within biology he is known for his contributions to the study of Hawaiian land snails, part of malacology. [1]
David Dwight Baldwin was born November 26, 1831, in Honolulu. His father was early missionary doctor Dwight Baldwin (1798–1886), and his mother was Charlotte Fowler Baldwin (1805–1873). After a few years living in Waimea, the family moved to the island of Maui around 1837. From 1841 through 1851, Baldwin attended Punahou School in Honolulu, and graduated from Yale in 1857. He married Lois Gregory Morris (1837–1924) on October 7 of that year at Bridgeport, Connecticut. The couple returned to the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1858, and had nine children, although one died young. [2]
From 1860 to 1862 Baldwin served in the Kingdom House of Representatives. [3] Around 1865 he became manager of the sugarcane plantation in Kohala on the northern coast of Hawaiiʻi Island. This plantation had been founded by the missionary Elias Bond.
In 1872 Baldwin and his family lived in New Haven, Connecticut, while he worked in the Yale Law School library and earned his Master of Arts degree. [4] On his return to Hawaii he started an almost 40-year association with the education department of the Hawaiian government. He was vice-principal of Lahainaluna School from 1874 to 1877. [1] While he was inspector-general of the schools from 1877 to 1885, instruction was changed from the Hawaiian language to English. [5] Baldwin returned to Lahainaluna and served as vice-principal again until 1890.
In 1890 he moved to Haʻikū where his younger brother Henry Perrine Baldwin (1842–1911) had founded the agricultural venture Alexander & Baldwin with his brother-in-law Samuel Thomas Alexander (1836–1904). He organized a small school for the plantation employees. Baldwin had earlier published a list of Hawaiian mosses and liverworts (hepatic plants, or Hepaticae in Latin).
In the 1890s he devoted much of his time to studying mollusks (malacology), specifically the study of Hawaiian land snails, some of which he named and described. In addition, several land snail species in the family Achatinellidae were named in honor of him, as well as a subgenus Baldwinia of the genus Partulina . [1]
He produced the first catalog of Hawaiian land snails and freshwater snails in 1893. [6] His schoolmate from Punahou, J. T. Gulick, had published early theories of evolution which were based on their mollusc shell collections. [7]
In the Hawaiian language, the word for any kind of snail is pūpū. The same word also referred to small bits of fish, chicken, or banana relish served with kava. Because of the mixture of various cultures and cuisines in the islands, the word pupu became associated with any relish, appetizer, canapé, or hors d'oeuvre, and the modern pu pu platter. [8]
Upon David Baldwin's retirement from teaching in 1903, the Baldwin brothers (David and Henry) invested in the first commercial cultivation of pineapple on Maui. [9] Three years later, Belle Dickey, who was the niece of both a brother-in-law and a sister-in-law of Baldwin, married James Dole, who popularized Hawaiian pineapple.
After a cancer operation in February 1911, Baldwin died on June 16, 1912, at the Queen's Medical Center in Honolulu. His remains were shipped to Maui and buried at the Makawao Union Church cemetery. [5]
Gastropods (land snails):
The following mollusks were named in honor of Baldwin.
Land snails:
Freshwater snails:
Sea snails:
Bivalves:
Daughter Lillian Baldwin (1858–1953) married Frank E. Atwater (1851–1919).
Son Erdman Dwight Baldwin was born December 9, 1859, married Nellie Virginia Curtis, became a Civil Engineer and died July 11, 1942. [10] He surveyed Mauna Kea and published one of the first maps of its summit in 1891. [11]
Son Charles Wickliffe Baldwin was born December 20, 1860. In 1909 he married Olive Elvira Steele (1873–1970) at Los Altos, California. [12] He became a principal at various schools on Maui, and published a textbook on Hawaiian geography in 1908. [13] His book was revised and republished several times. [14]
Son Lincoln Mansfield Baldwin was born a twin of Winnifred Morris Baldwin on August 19, 1863. He married Ellen Melbourne Dickenson of Lahaina, daughter of Henry Dickenson, Sr. and Mary Ann Caroline Rowley, on August 7, 1891, and had seven children. He worked for a while in the sugar business and a store. In 1894 he became deputy sheriff of Maui. In November 1896 he was appointed sheriff of Maui island, where he served for 14 years. In 1910 he became treasurer of Maui County, and died on November 18, 1919. [15]
Son Benjamin Douglas Baldwin was born April 12, 1868, managed sugar plantations on Maui and Kauaʻi. [12] [16]
Son William Atwater Baldwin was born July 20, 1869, became manager of three different sugar plantations and then President of Haiku Fruit & Packing Company. In 1902 he married Mina Prime at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. [17] The Baldwin holdings would eventually evolve into the Maui Land & Pineapple Company. [9] Baldwin relatives were involved in the company until 2005. [18]
Daughter Mary W. ("May") Baldwin (1871–1961) married Duncan Bell Murdoch (1860–1964). Daughter Winifred Morris Baldwin married Physician John Weddick in October 1896. [19] [20] Son Nathaniel Hewitt Baldwin was born in 1873 but died age six. [21]
His snail collection was a featured display at the Bailey House Museum. [22] Henry Augustus Pilsbry called Baldwin "the Nestor of Hawaiian conchologists". [23]
Notes
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James Drummond Dole, the "Pineapple King", was an American industrialist who developed the pineapple industry in Hawaii. He established the Hawaiian Pineapple Company (HAPCO) which was later reorganized to become the Dole Food Company that operates in over 90 countries. Dole was a cousin of Sanford B. Dole, President of the Republic of Hawaii.
Henry Alexander Baldwin or Harry Alexander Baldwin was a sugarcane plantation manager, and politician who served as Congressional Delegate to the United States House of Representatives representing the Territory of Hawaii. He was one of the earliest leaders of the Hawaii Republican Party.
Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. is an American company that was once part of the Big Five companies in territorial Hawaii. The company currently operates businesses in real estate, land operations, and materials and construction. It was also the last "Big Five" company to cultivate sugarcane. As of 2020, it remains one of the State of Hawaii's largest private landowners, owning over 28,000 acres (11,000 ha) and operating 36 income properties in the state.
Maui Land & Pineapple Company, Inc. is a land holding and operating company founded in 1909 and based in Kapalua, Hawaii, United States. It owns approximately 24,300 acres (100 km2) on the island of Maui. It develops, sells, and manages residential, resort, commercial and industrial real estate; and operates retail, golf and utility operations at the Kapalua Resort. ML&P also owns and manages the 8,304-acre (33.61 km2) Puʻu Kukui Watershed Preserve, one of the largest private nature preserves in the state of Hawaii. It formerly grew pineapples.
The island of Maui with a relatively central location has given it a pivotal role in the history of the Hawaiian Islands.
Charles William “C.W.” Dickey was an American architect famous for developing a distinctive style of Hawaiian architecture, including the double-pitched Dickey roof. He was known not only for designing some of the most famous buildings in Hawaiʻi—such as the Alexander & Baldwin Building, Halekulani Hotel, Kamehameha Schools campus buildings—but also for influencing a cadre of notable successors, including Hart Wood, Cyril Lemmon, Douglas Freeth, Roy Kelley, and Vladimir Ossipoff.
William Hyde Rice was a businessman and politician who served in the Kingdom of Hawaii, during the Kingdom's Overthrow, and in the following Republic of Hawaii and Territory of Hawaii governments. He collected and published legends of Hawaiian mythology.
Kapalua Resort is a golf and beach resort in Kapalua, Hawaii on the northwest shore of the island of Maui near Lahaina, Hawaii. It is owned by Maui Land & Pineapple Company.
Dwight Baldwin was an American Christian missionary and medical doctor on Maui, one of the Hawaiian Islands, during the Kingdom of Hawaii. He was patriarch of a family that founded some of the largest businesses in the islands.
Ulumāheihei Hoapili was a member of the nobility during the formation of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He was a trusted military and political advisor to King Kamehameha I, known as "Kamehameha the Great". Although trusted with one of the last symbolic rites of the Hawaiian religion, he later became a supporter of Christian missionaries.
Henry Perrine Baldwin was a businessman and politician on Maui in the Hawaiian Islands. He supervised the construction of the East Maui Irrigation System and co-founded Alexander & Baldwin, one of the "Big Five" corporations that dominated the economy of the Territory of Hawaii.
Makawao Union Church is a church near Makawao on the Hawaiian island of Maui. It was founded by New England missionary Jonathan Smith Green during the Kingdom of Hawaii. The third historic structure used by the congregation was designed by noted local architect C.W. Dickey and dedicated in 1917 as the Henry Perrine Baldwin Memorial Church. In 1985, Makawao Union Church was placed on the Hawaii and National Register of Historic Places.
Jonathan Smith Green was a missionary from New England to the Kingdom of Hawaii.
Samuel Thomas Alexander co-founded a major agricultural and transportation business in the Kingdom of Hawaii.
William Patterson Alexander was an American missionary to the Kingdom of Hawaii. His family continued to influence the history of Hawaii.
William Owen Smith was a lawyer from a family of American missionaries who participated in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He was attorney general for the entire duration of the Provisional Government of Hawaii and the Republic of Hawaii.
The Fred Baldwin Memorial Home was built in 1910 and endowed by Emily and Henry Perrine Baldwin to provide housing for elderly Hawaiian and haole men. It is named for their son Fred Baldwin (1881-1905). Its architect was H. L. Kerr, who had earlier designed the Old Wailuku Courthouse. In 2011, it was restored by Xorin Balbes to operate as an educational retreat named Lumeria Maui. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 1 December 2011.
Alexander & Baldwin Sugar Museum is located in the small sugarcane growing and milling community of Puʻunene, Hawaii, Kahului, Maui. The museum exhibits the history of Hawaiian sugarcane plantations and Alexander & Baldwin and its role in the sugarcane industry in Hawaii. The company itself continues in business and though it has diversified, it continues to produce sugarcane. The museum itself in the former mill manager's house.
Zorobabela Kaʻauwai was an early politician and judge in the Kingdom of Hawaii. Beginning as an assistant to the Hoapili, Governor of Maui, he served many political posts including Assistant Judge of the first Supreme Court of Hawaii, an original member of the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles, a multiple-term representative in the Hawaiian legislature and circuit judge for Maui. An early convert to Christianity and devout adherent of the Protestant faith, his first name is a Hawaiian form of the Biblical name Zerubbabel.