David Howard Kaplan | |
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Born | |
Nationality | American |
Occupation(s) | Geographer, academic, and author |
Academic background | |
Education | B.A. (Honors), Humanities M.S., Geography Ph.D., Geography |
Alma mater | The Johns Hopkins University University of Wisconsin - Madison |
Thesis | Nationalism and Population Change: An Analysis of Language and Region in Canada (1991) |
Academic work | |
Institutions | Kent State University |
David Howard Kaplan is an American geographer,academic,and author. He is a professor of geography at Kent State University. [1]
Kaplan is an author/editor of over a dozen books,including Landscapes of the Ethnic Economy;Urban Geography;Nested Identities:Nationalism,Territory,and Scale;Human Geography;and Navigating Ethnicity:Segregation,Place Making,and Difference. He is also the author of more than 70 articles and book chapters. [2] His research is focused in urban and regional ethnicity,dynamics of residential segregation,urban economies,concepts of nationalism,and sustainable transportation. [3] He is a Fellow of the American Association of Geographers (AAG). [4]
Kaplan has served as both Vice President and President of the AAG (elected President from 2019 to 2020 [5] following his vice presidency in the preceding year). In March 2023,Kaplan gave his Past-President’s address calling for greater inclusion in the field of Geography. [6]
In addition to being a Councilor for the American Geographical Society (AGS), [7] he has been the National Co-director of the Race,Ethnicity,and Place Conferences since 2022. [8] He also holds an appointment as the Editor-in-Chief of Geographical Review , [9] Series Editor of Exploring Geography, [10] and Editor of National Identities . [11]
Born on September 28,1960,in Worcester,Massachusetts,Kaplan earned a B.A. in Humanities with a concentration in English Literature and History from The Johns Hopkins University in 1982. He obtained an M.S. (1986) and a Ph.D. (1991) in Geography from the University of Wisconsin –Madison. [1]
Kaplan's academic career began at the University of Southern California and later at the University of St. Thomas. He joined Kent State University in 1995 [1] and has been a Professor there since 2005. He has also held appointments as the LaCoste Chair of Geopolitics at the French Institute of Geopolitics,University of Paris 8 in 2011;Carroll Professor of Urban Studies at the University of Oregon in spring 2014;and as a Distinguished Visiting professor at Henan University's School of Geography and Environment in summer 2022. [1]
Kaplan founded and has since directed Kent State University's Environmental Studies Program starting in fall 2017. [12]
Kaplan has researched four major topics:national identity,borderlands,and separatist movements;urban segregation patterns and their relationship to housing finance and economic opportunity worldwide;urban planning and sustainable transportation;and geography as a discipline. [1]
In one of his early works,Nested identities:Nationalism,Territory,And Scale,Kaplan maintained that national identity cannot be fully comprehended without considering the role of territory,and offered theoretical insights and empirical case studies to support the claim. [13] Building on this work,his co-edited book Scaling Identities:Nationalism and Territory focused on the connections between national identity,territory,and scale. It identified four ways in which scale affects national identity formation,emphasizing the global significance of national identity in geopolitics. [14] This book was praised by Alexander C. Deiner as "core reading" for those interested in the topic [15] and commended for its comprehensive approach,as well as its ability to present new insights. Tamás Illés said that it is most successful "in weaving together wholly different place contexts around a clear-cut lens of investigation," [16] whereas Kofi Johnson noted that the book's strength is its "theoretical scope". [17] Among others,David Ettinger,praised the "unique historical arrangement" [18] of his four-volume book,Nations and Nationalism:A Global Historical Overview,co-edited with Guntram H. Herb,which provided coverage of nationalism from the French Revolution to the contemporary period. [19]
Kaplan has made contributions to the literature on ethnic segregation,examining the social and geographical dimensions of group formation and distribution,analyzing the underlying processes and significance,and proposing a framework for further study. [20] In Navigating Ethnicity:Segregation,Placemaking,and Difference,he demonstrated how spatial arrangements shape cultural identity and opportunities,from segregation to multiculturalism and diasporas,and offered a perspective on the contingent nature of ethnicity. Carlos Teixeira called this book a "rich,well-organized manuscript" that offers an "impressive in-depth analysis of important global concepts..." [21] His work has also focused on how ethnic economies shape urban landscapes by assessing their impact on neighborhood identity and presenting research on their significant role in providing goods and services to local communities. [22] Furthermore,while examining the causal factors associated with ethnic segregation,he highlighted its multifaceted nature,and assessed the complexities and controversies of measuring and eliminating segregation. [23]
One study investigated the spatial structure of urban ethnic economies,by identifying four advantages and explaining how spatial patterns may vary based on resources and sectoral composition. [24] In addition,he has explored the impact of the US foreclosure crisis on cities,highlighting how they are often destroyed for cash. It was determined that the subprime-foreclosure crisis in the US was due to lax underwriting and aggressive mortgage practices,whereas deregulation and push for homeownership worsened the crisis,and created uneven geographies of debt,risk,and default. [25]
Kaplan's work on transportation sustainability is focused on the opportunities and challenges in this field. He has proposed initiatives to shift toward sustainable transportation,increase the efficiency of personal automobiles,and increase accessibility,with the goal of promoting a more sustainable transportation future that may combat access disparities and environmental distress. [26]
Kaplan has maintained a broad interest in some of the trends and prospects for U.S. geography. His research has examined how geography has developed as a discipline,the growing presence of women in the field,and geography's institutional position in the United States. [27]
Human geography or anthropogeography is the branch of geography which studies spatial relationships between human communities,cultures,economies,and their interactions with the environment,examples of which include urban sprawl and urban redevelopment. It analyzes spatial interdependencies between social interactions and the environment through qualitative and quantitative methods.This multidisciplinary approach draws from sociology,anthropology,economics,and environmental science,contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the intricate connections that shape lived spaces.
Territorial integrity is the principle under international law where sovereign states have a right to defend their borders and all territory in them from another state. It is enshrined in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter and has been recognized as customary international law. Under this principle,forcible imposition of a border change is an act of aggression.
Regional science is a field of the social sciences concerned with analytical approaches to problems that are specifically urban,rural,or regional. Topics in regional science include,but are not limited to location theory or spatial economics,location modeling,transportation,migration analysis,land use and urban development,interindustry analysis,environmental and ecological analysis,resource management,urban and regional policy analysis,geographical information systems,and spatial data analysis. In the broadest sense,any social science analysis that has a spatial dimension is embraced by regional scientists.
Economic geography is the subfield of human geography that studies economic activity and factors affecting it. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics. There are four branches of economic geography.
Urban geography is the subdiscipline of geography that derives from a study of cities and urban processes. Urban geographers and urbanists examine various aspects of urban life and the built environment. Scholars,activists,and the public have participated in,studied,and critiqued flows of economic and natural resources,human and non-human bodies,patterns of development and infrastructure,political and institutional activities,governance,decay and renewal,and notions of socio-spatial inclusions,exclusions,and everyday life. Urban geography includes different other fields in geography such as the physical,social,and economic aspects of urban geography. The physical geography of urban environments is essential to understand why a town is placed in a specific area,and how the conditions in the environment play an important role with regards to whether or not the city successfully develops. Social geography examines societal and cultural values,diversity,and other conditions that relate to people in the cities. Economic geography is important to examine the economic and job flow within the urban population. These various aspects involved in studying urban geography are necessary to better understand the layout and planning involved in the development of urban environments worldwide.
Feminist geography is a sub-discipline of human geography that applies the theories,methods,and critiques of feminism to the study of the human environment,society,and geographical space. Feminist geography emerged in the 1970s,when members of the women's movement called on academia to include women as both producers and subjects of academic work. Feminist geographers aim to incorporate positions of race,class,ability,and sexuality into the study of geography. The discipline was a target for the hoaxes of the grievance studies affair.
An ethnocracy is a type of political structure in which the state apparatus is controlled by a dominant ethnic group to further its interests,power,dominance,and resources. Ethnocratic regimes in the modern era typically display a 'thin' democratic façade covering a more profound ethnic structure,in which ethnicity –and not citizenship –is the key to securing power and resources.
A județ is an administrative division in Romania,and was also used from 1940 to 1947 in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and from 1998 to 2003 in Moldova.
The American Association of Geographers (AAG) is a non-profit scientific and educational society aimed at advancing the understanding,study,and importance of geography and related fields. Its headquarters is located in Washington,D.C. The organization was founded on December 29,1904,in Philadelphia,as the Association of American Geographers,with the American Society of Professional Geographers later amalgamating into it in December 1948 in Madison,Wisconsin. As of 2020,the association has more than 10,000 members,from nearly 100 countries. AAG members are geographers and related professionals who work in the public,private,and academic sectors.
British nationalism asserts that the British are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Britons,in a definition of Britishness that may include people of English,Scottish,Welsh,and Irish descent. British nationalism is closely associated with British unionism,which seeks to uphold the political union that is the United Kingdom,or strengthen the links between the countries of the United Kingdom.
Yehua Dennis Wei is a Chinese-American geographer. He is a professor in the Department of Geography and a senior scholar in the Institute of Public and International Affairs at the University of Utah. His research has been funded by the NSF,Lincoln Institute of Land Policy,National Geographic Society,Ford Foundation and Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). He has received awards for research excellence from the NSFC,Association of American Geographers' (AAG) China,Asian and Regional Development and Planning Specialty Groups,and University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
Jennifer R. Wolch is a professor of Urban Planning,Geography and former dean of the UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design.
Eric Sheppard is a British and American geographer,and Professor of Economic geography at UCLA.
Congolese nationalism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was also for a time known as Zairian nationalism during the rule of Mobutu Sese Seko. Congolese nationalism persists among the people of the Democratic Republic of the Congo,in spite of civil war and the lack of a clear definition of what it means to be Congolese.
Kevin R. Cox is an Anglo-American geographer,who holds the position of Distinguished University Professor,in the Department of Geography,of The Ohio State University
William Arthur Valentine Clark is Distinguished University Research Professor in the Geography Department at the University of California,Los Angeles. His research focuses on housing markets and residential mobility and migration,and the impacts of local residential change on neighborhood outcomes,including segregation and ethnic and racial patterns.
Environmental,ecological or green gentrification is a process in which cleaning up pollution or providing green amenities increases local property values and attracts wealthier residents to a previously polluted or disenfranchised neighbourhood. Green amenities include green spaces,parks,green roofs,gardens and green and energy efficient building materials. These initiatives can heal many environmental ills from industrialization and beautify urban landscapes. Additionally,greening is imperative for reaching a sustainable future. However,if accompanied by gentrification,these initiatives can have an ambiguous social impact. For example,if the low income households are displaced or forced to pay higher housing costs. First coined by Sieg et al. (2004),environmental gentrification is a relatively new concept,although it can be considered as a new hybrid of the older and wider topics of gentrification and environmental justice. Social implications of greening projects specifically with regards to housing affordability and displacement of vulnerable citizens. Greening in cities can be both healthy and just.
Mei-Po Kwan is a geographer known for her research contributions in Geographic Information Science,and human geography,particularly as they apply to time geography and human mobility. She is the Choh-Ming Li Professor of Geography and Resource Management at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK),Director of the Institute of Space and Earth Information Science (ISEIS) of CUHK,Director of the Institute of Future Cities of CUHK,and Head of Chung Chi College of CUHK.
Spaces of Hope is a book by British Marxist geographer David W. Harvey. It was published in 2000 by the Edinburgh University Press.
Geraldine Pratt is a Canadian geographer,researcher,and professor.