Design 1023 ship

Last updated
Transport Coast Farmer AWM.jpg
Coast Farmer, yard #103 completed as Riverside Bridge (1920).
Class overview
NameEFC Design 1023
Builders
Built1918–20 (USSB)
1920–21 (private)
Planned
  • 150 SBC
  • 4 (Bayles)
Completed
  • 118 for USSB
  • 32 by SBC for own account
  • 4 Bayles hulls purchased on ways incomplete, later completed
Cancelled
  • 32 Submarine Boat Corporation completed privately
  • 4 Bayles, bought on ways incomplete
Lost30
Scrapped124
General characteristics
Type Cargo ship
Tonnage
Length324.0 ft (98.8 m) registry length [1]
Beam46.2 ft (14.1 m) [1]
Draft25 ft (7.6 m) [2]
Depth25.0 ft (7.6 m) [1]
Installed power386 NHP
Propulsion
  • 2 oil fired boilers, steam turbine, single screw propeller
  • 4 Bayles vessels: triple expansion steam engine
Speed10.5 kn (12.1 mph; 19.4 km/h)
Range10,080 nmi (18,670 km; 11,600 mi)

The Design 1023 ship (full name Emergency Fleet Corporation Design 1023) was a steel-hulled cargo ship design approved for mass production by the United States Shipping Board 's (USSB) Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) in World War I. Like many of the early designs approved by the EFC, the Design 1023 did not originate with the EFC itself but was based on an existing cargo ship designed by Theodore E. Ferris for the United States Shipping Board (USSB). [3] [4] The ships, to be built by the Submarine Boat Corporation of Newark, New Jersey, were the first to be constructed under a standardized production system worked out by Ferris and approved by the USSB. [5]

Contents

The first contract envisioned construction of fifty vessels and was placed by USSB with Submarine Boat Corp. on 14 September 1917 and included EFC hulls 547-596. Two months later, on 16 November 1917, USSB placed two additional optional orders with the same shipbuilder for sixty eight and thirty two vessels, respectively. This brought the total number of ships ordered from Submarine Boat Corp. to 150 and included EFC hulls 785-884. In addition on 8 November 1917 USSB also placed a small order for four vessels with Bayles Shipyard in Port Jefferson, New York (EFC hulls 773-776). USSB chose to exercise their first optional contract for sixty eight extra vessels planned for Submarine Boat Corp. and 118 ships, yard numbers 1-118, were completed for the USSB between 30 May 1918 and 27 Mar 1920.

The second optional contract for thirty two vessels was never exercised by USSB and the contract was officially rescinded by the Shipping Board on 28 February 1920. The Shipping Board also decided not to build any ships at Bayless Shipyard and officially canceled their order on 1 February 1920. However, Submarine Boat Corp. elected to proceed with construction and completed the remaining thirty two vessels for Submarine Boat's shipping subsidiary, Transmarine, between 30 March 1920 and 11 April 1921. All the Submarine Boat ships were steam turbine propelled. [3] [6] [7] The first vessel, Agawam, was completed in 1918. [1] [2] The government and Submarine Boat reached an agreement by which the company would take over the USSB owned yard that it had been operating. It would pay a rental of $4,000,000 for three years and then buy the plant. It would also buy the fabricated steel at the plant for half price and complete the 32 cancelled hulls on its own account. [8]

Four Design 1023 hulls, EFC 773-776, were under construction by New York Harbor Drydock Company, formerly Bayles Shipyards, when they were cancelled and sold on the ways. [2] [9] The ships were powered by triple expansion steam engines rather than the steam turbine of the basic design. [2]

A number of the ships were lost and known or presumed captured by the Japanese in World War II. For example, Surico, later Admiral Gove and Ramona, was sunk at Shanghai, salvaged and named Hitora Maru. The ship survived the war after being burned out, salvaged again to be repaired in Panama and operating as Valles into the late 1950s. [10] [11] Another became a Japanese ship and a casualty of the war. Buffalo Bridge went to Japan for break up under the temporary name Buffalo Bridge Maru but was not scrapped and became Kosei Maru which was sunk by the USS Sunfish [12] 13 March 1943.

Many of the ships were broken up or otherwise lost between 1929 and 1945 but a few survived the war. An example of surprising survival is Sunewco, one of the ships completed in 1920 for Transmarine as was Surico. Renamed Admiral Y. S. Williams in 1934 the ship was scuttled in Hong Kong in December 1941. The hull was salvaged by the Japanese and operated as Tatsutama Maru which survived the war but was found to be unfit for service in 1945. In 1952 the ship was put back in service as Yamahagi Maru until disappearing from registry in 1956. [10]

Notable ships of the class

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Shipping Board</span> Emergency agency by the 1916 Shipping Act

The United States Shipping Board (USSB) was established as an emergency agency by the 1916 Shipping Act, on September 7, 1916. The United States Shipping Board's task was to increase the number of US ships supporting the World War I efforts. United States Shipping Board program ended on March 2, 1934.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emergency Fleet Corporation</span>

The Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) was established by the United States Shipping Board, sometimes referred to as the War Shipping Board, on 16 April 1917 pursuant to the Shipping Act to acquire, maintain, and operate merchant ships to meet national defense, foreign and domestic commerce during World War I.

SS <i>Admiral Halstead</i>

SS Admiral Halstead was a merchant ship built in 1920 by the Submarine Boat Corporation, Newark, New Jersey, and operating originally as Suwordenco. The ship's history illustrates the state of the industry as the massive World War I shipbuilding program transitioned to an effort to sell and operate hulls in a market glutted by wartime shipbuilding. By the outbreak of World War II Suwordenco was one of the few ships operating as its owners went bankrupt. The ship was bought for operation from the Puget Sound to California ports until it was caught up in the prelude to the United States' entry into the war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Submarine Boat Company</span> Shipyard in Newark, New Jersey, United States

Submarine Boat Company was a large-scale World War I ship manufacturing shipyard, located at Newark, New Jersey's Port of Newark. Submarine Boat Company operated as a subsidiary of the Electric Boat Company, now General Dynamics Electric Boat. Submarine Boat Company was founded in April 1915 to meet the demand for ships for World War I. Submarine Boat Corporation built the Design 1023 ships, this was a steel-hulled cargo ship. Submarine Boat Company built merchant cargo ships from 1917 to 1922. Submarine Boat Company was to able to complete ships quickly as they had other shipyards prefabricate about 80% of the hull. Submarine Boat Company worked with: Merchant Shipbuilding Corporation in Bristol, Pennsylvania, and American International Shipbuilding, in Hog Island, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. During World War I, at its peak, the shipbuilding the company employed 25,000 people. The Submarine Boat Company received a 150 shipbuilding contract from the United States Shipping Board (USSB)'s Emergency Fleet Corporation, and 118 ships were completed before the contract was canceled. Submarine Boat Company built and sold the last 32 ships on their own for the Transmarine shipping line. After the war in 1920, Submarine Boat built 30 206-ton barges for Transmarine. With no more contracts, the shipyard closed in 1922 and the company went into receivership in 1929. For World War II the shipyard was reopened by Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company. Federal Shipbuilding operated its main shipyard 2.8 miles (4.5 km) north of the Submarine Boat Company shipyard, where Uncommon Carrier Inc. in Kearny, New Jersey is now located. The location of the former Submarine Boat Company shipyard is at the Toyota Logistics Services Inc. automobile terminal, 390 E. Port Street, Newark, just south of Interstate 78. Notable ships: SS Mopang, SS Admiral Halstead, SS Coast Trader and SS Coast Farmer.

Lakeside Bridge was a steam cargo ship built in 1919 by Submarine Boat Company of Newark for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was chiefly employed on the East Coast and Gulf to Europe routes throughout her short career. In December 1920 the vessel went ashore in strong gale and was wrecked without loss of life.

The Design 1017 ship was a steel-hulled cargo ship design approved for production by the United States Shipping Board's Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFT) in World War I. They were referred to as the "Downey-type" as they were built by Downey Shipbuilding on Staten Island. 10 ships were completed for the USSB in late 1918 and through 1919. An additional ship was completed in 1920 for a private shipping company.

Design 1019 ship World War I steel-hulled cargo ship design

The Design 1019 ship was a steel-hulled cargo ship design approved for mass production by the United States Shipping Board's Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFT) in World War I.

Rock Island Bridge was a steam cargo ship built in 1919 by Submarine Boat Company of Newark for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. In March 1920 while on her maiden voyage the vessel collided with another steamer and subsequently had to be beached to avoid sinking. She was later abandoned and sold for scrap.

Kenwood Bridge was a steam cargo ship built in 1919 by Submarine Boat Company of Newark for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. In early 1920 the vessel was sold to Spanish company and renamed Leonita. In March 1921 while on passage to Italy with a cargo of coal she developed a leak and foundered.

Milwaukee Bridge was a steam cargo ship built in 1918–1919 by Submarine Boat Company of Newark for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was first briefly employed on the East Coast to United Kingdom route during the first two years of her career before being laid up at the end of 1921. In 1927 she was acquired by Matson Navigation Company to operate between California and Hawaii and renamed Malama. On New Year's day 1942 while en route to New Zealand under U.S. Army operation with cargo of military supplies she was discovered by Japanese merchant raiders and was scuttled by her crew to prevent capture.

Suremico was a Design 1023 cargo ship built for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) immediately after World War I. She was later named the Nisqually and converted into a barge and later a scow. She was bombed and sunk during the Battle of Wake Island.

Design 1014 ship World War I steel-hulled cargo ship design

The Design 1014 ship was a steel-hulled cargo ship design approved for production by the United States Shipping Board's Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFT) in World War I. They were referred to as the "Cascade"-type. They were all built by Todd Drydock and Construction Company, at their Tacoma, Washington shipyard. 20 ships were completed for the USSB in 1919 and 1920; and additional 2 were completed in 1920 for private companies. 12 ships were cancelled.

SSNew England was a Design 1023 cargo ship built for the United States Shipping Board immediately after World War I.

SSSuedco was a Design 1023 cargo ship built for the United States Shipping Board immediately after World War I.

SSSuboatco was a Design 1023 cargo ship built for the United States Shipping Board immediately after World War I.

SSSuportco was a Design 1023 cargo ship built for the United States Shipping Board immediately after World War I.

SSCambridge was a Design 1023 cargo ship built for the United States Shipping Board immediately after World War I.

The Design 1041 ship was a steel-hulled tanker ship design approved for production by the United States Shipping Board's Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFT) in World War I. A total of 13 ships were ordered and completed for the USSB from 1919 to 1920. The ships were constructed at the Oakland, California shipyard of Moore Shipbuilding Company. An additional 5 ships were completed separately by the shipyard.

Design 1065 ship Standard ship types of the US

The Design 1065 ship was a wooden-hulled cargo ship design approved for production by the United States Shipping Board's Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFT) in World War I. A total of 7 ships were ordered and completed for the USSB from 1918 to 1919. The ships were constructed at the Bellingham, Washington shipyard of Pacific American Fisheries. The USSB originally wanted Pacific American Fisheries to follow its standard "Ferris-type" design used by other shipyards but PAF was successful in convincing them to use their own design which they felt was more seaworthy. The cost was $50,000 per ship.

SS <i>Arcata</i> Ship built in Portland, Oregon, United States

SS Arcata, was built in 1919 as the SS Glymont for the United States Shipping Board as a merchant ship by the Albina Engine & Machine Works in Portland, Oregon. The 2,722-ton cargo ship Glymont was operated by the Matson Navigation till 1923 in post World War I work. In 1923 she was sold to Cook C. W. of San Francisco. In 1925 she was sold to Nelson Charles Company of San Francisco. In 1937 she was sold to Hammond Lumber Company of Fairhaven, California. For World War II, in 1941, she was converted to an US Army Troopship, USAT Arcata. She took supplies and troops to Guam. On July 14, 1942, she was attacked by Japanese submarine I-7 and sank. She was operating as a coastal resupply in the Gulf of Alaska, south of the Aleutian Islands at, approximately 165 nautical miles southeast of Sand Point, when she sank. She was returning after taking supplies to Army troops fighting in the Aleutian Islands campaign.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fifty Second Annual List of Merchant Vessels of the United States, Year ended June 30, 1920. Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce, Bureau of Navigation. 1920. p. 70. hdl:2027/nyp.33433023733920 . Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 McKellar, p. Part III, 74.
  3. 1 2 McKellar, p. Part III, 74—78.
  4. ↑ Mercogliano, Salvatore R. (October 2016). "The Shipping Act of 1916 and Emergency Fleet Corporation: America Builds, Requisitions, and Seizes a Merchant Fleet Second to None" (PDF). The Northern Mariner. XXVI (4): 407–424. doi:10.25071/2561-5467.230. S2CID   246796503.
  5. ↑ Pacific American Steamship Association; Shipowners Association of the Pacific Coast (September 1918). "The Contribution of Mr. Ferris to Shipping Board Designs". Pacific Marine Review. San Francisco: J.S. Hines: 75. Retrieved 7 December 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ Colton, Tim (March 12, 2016). "Submarine Boat, Newark NJ". ShipbuildingHistory. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  7. ↑ Submarine Boat Corporation (November 15, 1923). "Explaining the Names of Transmarine Steamers". Speed Up. Vol. 6, no. 11. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  8. ↑ Pacific American Steamship Association; Shipowners Association of the Pacific Coast (February 1920). "Notes From the East". Pacific Marine Review. San Francisco: J.S. Hines: 60. Retrieved 7 December 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ Colton, Tim (August 22, 2017). "Bayles Shipyard, Port Jefferson NY". ShipbuildingHistory. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  10. 1 2 3 McKellar, p. Part III, 77.
  11. ↑ Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2012). "Kokai Hokan!: USSB 1023 design "Sub boats" Class Auxiliary Gunboats". combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  12. ↑ McKellar, p. Part III, 75.
  13. ↑ Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2014). "IJN Aikoku Maru". Combined Fleet.
  14. ↑ "US ships lost in the Pacific during World War II". USMM.org. Retrieved 3 January 2014.

Bibliography

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