Operational area | |
---|---|
Country | United States |
State | Michigan |
City | Detroit [1] |
Agency overview | |
Established | 1860 |
Annual calls | 2022: Detroit EMS: 146,551 Detroit Fire: 23,184 Fire / 30,908 MFR |
Employees | 1200+ (821 firefighters) |
Staffing | Career |
Commissioner | Charles Simms |
EMS level | ALS/BLS/MFR |
IAFF | Local 344 |
Facilities and equipment | |
Divisions | 7 (Fire,EMS,Fire Marshal,Fire Investigations,Training,Communications,Community Relations) |
Battalions | 8 |
Stations | 36 |
Engines | 27 |
Trucks | 13 |
Squads | 6 |
Ambulances | 27 |
HAZMAT | 2 |
Airport crash | 2 |
Fireboats | 2 |
Website | |
IAFF Local 344 |
The Detroit Fire Department (DFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan.
The DFD operates 47 fire companies and 25 ambulances out of 36 fire stations located throughout the city, with a total sworn personnel complement of 1200 members. It is headquartered at the Detroit Public Safety Headquarters on Third Street, which also houses police and additional services.
The DFD responds to approximately 170,000 emergency calls annually, with over 80% being medical emergencies and approximately 2200 working structural fires. There were 4,741 structure fires in Detroit in 2014, compared with 2,736 in 2018, according to data. By the end of 2022, there were 2154 structure fires. As a result, the city is now fighting an average of six structure fires per day. As of 2021, all new members are trained as firefighter/EMT or firefighter/paramedic. [1]
From 2011 to December 31, 2013, the Detroit Fire Department was led by Fire Commissioner Donald R. Austin, a former member of the Los Angeles Fire Department and a Detroit native. Under Mayor Dave Bing, Austin had come to Detroit in May 2011 on the difficult mission to bring change to the DFD. He resigned in November 2013 due to changes in city administration.
The new mayor of Detroit, Mike Duggan, named Jonathan Jackson, a 25-year veteran of the department, and a Second Deputy Fire Commissioner under Austin, as the Interim Fire Commissioner on December 23, 2013. Craig Dougherty, a former member of Engine 50 on the city's East Side and Fire Chief under Austin, became a Second Deputy Commissioner under Jackson. The administration was rounded out by Deputy Commissioner Edsel Jenkins, C.P.A., Second Deputy Commissioner Sydney Zack, LL.M., and Second Deputy Commissioner Orlando Gregory. [2]
By the end of March 2014, Commissioner Jackson resigned due to a life-threatening neural disease. On April 8, 2014, Deputy Commissioner Edsel Jenkins was named as the new Executive Fire Commissioner. He resigned in October 2015, [3] and was succeeded in office by Eric Jones. Executive Fire Commissioner Eric Jones made swift changes and created the new management team of the fire department which included Deputy Commissioner Dave Fornell, 2nd Deputy Commissioner Sydney Zack, and 2nd Deputy Commissioner Charles Simms. [4] [5]
In 2022, Charles Simms was appointed as Interim Fire Commissioner, later becoming the permanent Executive Fire Commissioner in 2023. During his tenure, significant achievements included restructuring the department, resulting in record-low EMS response times, acquiring updated equipment and apparatus, cross-training EMS personnel for firefighting roles, and implementing aggressive hiring initiatives. In July 2023, the department hired 100 Firefighter/EMTs, followed by an additional 27 in September 2023. Simms' executive leadership team comprised 2nd Deputy Commissioners Reginald Jenkins, Derek Holman, and Robert Stokes, alongside Director Anthony Watts.
Detroit Fire Department currently has an ISO score of 2 and is striving to gain the score of 1 by 2025.
As of January 2011, in an effort to reduce costs, the city of Detroit was considering privatizing the Fire Department's EMS Division.
Budget cuts led to the Chief of department closing a total of 10 Engine Companies and 4 Ladder Companies, effective July 4, 2012. Additionally, 200 firefighters and officers were to be demoted and around 150 laid off initially, with more than 100 to be re-hired as funds were to become available. [6] In addition to the 14 permanently closed companies, a number of units were placed out of service ("browned out") on a daily basis. As a consequence, the standard response to a structural fire was reduced by one engine to 2 engines, 1 ladder, 1 squad and 1 chief.
At the beginning and into the first half of 2013, apparatus availability was at a low point[ citation needed ]. An estimated 40 units remained in service, [7] with all three aerial platform trucks damaged or defective, and up to eight engine Companies and seven ladder companies browned out. [7] At the end of January 2013, the entire fleet of aerial ladder trucks was found lacking certification for routine operations. [8] [9]
The City of Detroit declared bankruptcy in July 2013.
By 2014, the established practice of using improvised tools like soda pop cans, doorbells, door hinges or pipes to alert firefighters of incoming alarm faxes made national news. [10] Merely 48 pieces of apparatus were available for service, down from 66 in the year 2010. [11] A number of ladder trucks continued to be pressed into service without working aerials.
In December 2014, the City of Detroit emerged from bankruptcy protection. Funds for replacement and maintenance of parts of the aging fleet and facilities were included with the new budget. Mutual aid arrangements with fire departments in the two enclaves, the cities of Highland Park and Hamtramck, were formalized in October 2014. [12] [13]
In 2015, with a first batch of ten new fire engines going in service. Previously browned out Engine Company 32 was also reopened. New vehicles bolstered the fleet available to EMS and for fire investigators.
Following 2012's reduction, the standard assignment to a structure fire was again increased to 3 Engines, 1 Truck, 1 Squad and 1 Chief. In 2016[ citation needed ], an expanded type of first alarm assignment called Commercial Box Alarm was introduced to better handle fires in structures bigger than a standard dwelling. Six new fire engines were placed in service in 2016, one of them replacing the Quint at Engine Company 48, plus reinstating Ladder Company 13 as a permanently staffed unit. So far, Engine Companies 1, 9, 17, 27, 30, 32, 33, 39, 40, 42, 48, 50, 53, 56, 58, and 59 have all been assigned new Smeal fire apparatus.
For the year 2017, six new HME/Ahrens-Fox Squad trucks, nine Smeal rearmount ladder trucks, two Ferrara platform ladder trucks, eight Ferrara fire engines, fourteen Braun Medic Units and a number of Light and Air units are scheduled to enter service. In 2022, 6 new Smeal engines and 10 new ambulances were placed in service making all frontline fire trucks and ambulances 8 years or newer.
For the year of 2023, Detroit Fire Department responds daily to provide exemplary services to the citizen and visitors of Detroit with a fleet consisting of 27 engines, 13 ladder trucks including 2 platforms, 6 squads, 42 ambulances, 2 Haz Mat vehicles, and an airport rescue engine. 10 new Smeal engines will arrive in fall of 2023 which will replace all the 2015 frontline engines. With this allotment of engines, all frontline apparatus will be 2017 or newer.
TRAINING Since July 2021, all new members will be trained as a Firefighter/EMT or Firefighter/Paramedic prior to graduating the academy. Starting in 2022 each member will cycle through the Regional Training Academy to satisfy 24 hours of training annually in conjunction with daily in service training at every firehouse. All officers are required to satisfy requirements in Officer I and Officer II prior to becoming an officer. The Detroit Regional Training Academy is the hub for southeastern Michigan and trains department members as well as outside agencies by using state of the art technology including simulators for driving and medical response scenarios. A new burn tower and flashover container was purchased to simulate live fire situations. Smart boards were also installed in all classrooms.
Community Engagement The Detroit Fire Department Community Relations Division implemented the Save A Life Initiative in 2022 that includes training every 8th grader in Detroit Hands Only CPR annually. Ensuring within a 10 year span that every residence in Detroit has working smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. In 2023, the Department also implemented the "Community AED" program to ensure an AED is strategically placed in public venues throughout the city to increase the survival rate of cardiac arrest victims. Weekly CPR classes are offered to citizens of Detroit and all employees of the City of Detroit. Detroit educates over 35000 citizens annually in fire safety and installs over 2000 smoke and CO detectors annually.
Prior to bankruptcy, the city of Detroit had to cope with a large number of fires. The number of vacant buildings throughout the city, combined with a dire economic situation, resulted in numerous fires on a daily basis. About 85% of the fires that occur daily in Detroit occur in vacant homes and buildings. In 2011 alone, the DFD responded to over 9,000 working structural fires.
A large number of these fires are believed to be "incendiary" (or arson) [nb 1] , far above the national average of about 7.8%. [15] In the early 2010s, there were no accurate statistics for determining the arson rate in Detroit due to the fact that only a fraction of the fires could be investigated by the limited resources of the DFD Arson Unit. Only fire scenes which have been investigated can be ruled as incendiary or arson fires. Those fires which have not been investigated must be classified as "undetermined" unless an investigation is completed.
Numbers of fires per year declined subsequently, with 4,600 structure fires in 2014 and 3,700 in 2015. On average, Detroit firefighters attended to 11 to 16 fires per day in 2015. By the end of 2015, 8 police officers were added to the Fire Investigation Unit of 16 Fire Investigators bringing the total to 24 members. By the end of 2022, there was a drastic decrease to 2154 structure fires. [5]
The Detroit Fire Department is divided into 7 divisions: Communications, Community Relations, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Firefighting Operations, Fire Marshal, Fire Investigations and Training. [16]
The DFD operates a separate Emergency Medical Services Division. In September 2013, Automated External Defibrillators (AED devices) were put in service on the fire apparatus as a first step into performing life support to citizens as first responders. As of 2015, Detroit firefighters are trained medical first responders and have the ability to handle patient care until Emergency Medical Services units arrive.
This section needs to be updated.(February 2017) |
The Emergency Medical Services division operates with limited manpower. As a result, many calls are handled by the DFD until a unit is available. The availability of Emergency Medical Services units is often compromised due to the number of calls in a city which has a lot of violence, citizens calling 911 for non-emergencies, as well as the breaking down of the Emergency Medical Services rigs due to age, mileage, and lack of proper maintenance.
Thanks to Mayor Bing's collaboration with the business community, Roger Penske sponsored 23 new ambulances for the department, which were put into service in the summer of 2013. Many of these, however, soon developed defects. [17] More new ambulances were purchased throughout the following years.
As of February 2019, there are a total of 38 fire stations in the city of Detroit, not including the Fire Headquarters. There are 27 Engine Companies, 13 Ladder Companies, 6 Tactical Mobile Squads, 2 Fireboats, and 2 Hazardous Material Response Units [1] as well as 24 Medic Ambulances and several specialized units. These fire stations and companies are organized into 8 battalions, each headed by one Battalion Chief each shift. [18]
Engine Company | Ladder Company | Medic unit | Specialized Unit | Battalion Chief Unit | Battalion | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Engine 1 | 1 | 111 Montcalm | ||||
Engine 9 | Ladder 6 (Platform) | Medic 21 | 1 | 3737 E Lafayette | ||
Engine 16 (Curtis Randolph) (Fire Boat-1) | 40 24th St | |||||
Engine 16 (Sivad Johnson) (Fire Boat-2) | 40 24th St | |||||
Engine 17 | Ladder 7 (Platform) | Battalion Chief 5 | 5 | 6100 Second Ave | ||
Engine 27 | Ladder 8 | Medic 19 | Battalion Chief 7 | 7 | 4700 Fort St | |
Engine 30 | Medic 3 | 4 | 16543 Meyers Rd | |||
Engine 32 | Medic 23 | Battalion Chief 6 | 6 | 11740 E Jefferson | ||
Engine 33 | Ladder 13 | 7 | 1041 Lawndale | |||
Engine 34 | 2 | 6345 Livernois | ||||
Engine 35 | Medic 20 | 5 | 111 Kenilworth St | |||
Engine 37 | Medic 09 | 7 | 2820 Central | |||
Engine 39 | Medic 1 | 5 | 8700 14th St | |||
Engine 40 | Ladder 17 (Platform) | Medic 10 | 8 | 13939 Dexter | ||
Engine 41 | Medic 14 | 6 | 5000 Rohns | |||
Engine 42 | Medic 02 Medic 26 | 2 | 6324 W Chicago | |||
Engine 44 | Ladder 18 | Battalion Chief 8 | 8 | 35 W 7 Mile | ||
Engine 46 | 3 | 10101 Knodell | ||||
Engine 48 | Medic 11 | 7 | 2300 S Fort St | |||
Engine 50 | Ladder 23 | Medic 15 | Battalion Chief 3 | 3 | 12985 Houston- | |
Engine 52 | Ladder 31 | 6 | 5029 Manistique St | |||
Engine 53 | Ladder 25 | Medic 17 Medic 27 | 4 | 15127 Greenfield | ||
Engine 54 | Ladder 26 | Medic 04 | 4 | 16825 Trinity | ||
Engine 55 | Ladder 27 | Medic 05 Medic 25 | Battalion Chief 2 | 2 | 18140 Joy Rd | |
Engine 56 | Medic 16 | 8 | 18601 Ryan Rd | |||
Engine 57 | 2 | 13960 Burt Rd | ||||
Engine 58 | Medic 24 | 3 | 10801 Whittier | |||
Engine 59 | Medic 22 | Squad 01 | Battalion Chief 4 | 4 | 17800 Curtis | |
Engine 60 | Medic 28 | 3 | 19701 Hoover | |||
Ladder 20 | Medic 06 | Squad 02 | 1 | 433 W Alexandrine | ||
Squad 03 Tac 02 | 6 | 1818 E Grand Blvd | ||||
Medic 07 | Squad 04 | 5 | 1697 W Grand Blvd | |||
Medic 18 | Squad 05 | 8 | 18236 Livernois | |||
Medic 12 | 6 | 2200 Crane | ||||
Medic 13 | Squad 06 | 3 | 10700 Shoemaker | |||
Ladder 22 | 2 | 6830 McGraw | ||||
Medic 08 | Haz-Mat. 1, Decon. 1 Air 1 Foam Trailer 1 Apparatus Division | Battalion Chief 1 | 1 | 3080 Russell St. @ Wilkins St. | ||
Below is the division and rank structure of the Detroit Fire Department, including car/radio callsign designations. [19]
Administration Division (100 callsigns)
Firefighting Division (200 callsigns)
Fireboat
Medical Division (300 callsigns)
Communications Division (400 callsigns)
Apparatus Division (500 callsigns)
Emergency Medical Services Division (1100 callsigns)
Alarm Type | Alarm Level | Companies/Units Assigned |
---|---|---|
Still Alarm | 1st Alarm Assignment | 1 Engine Company, or 1 Engine Company and 1 Ladder Company |
Box Alarm | 1st Alarm Assignment | 3 Engine Companies, 1 Ladder Company, 1 Squad Company, 1 Chief Unit, 1 Ambulance |
Commercial Box Alarm | 1st Alarm Assignment | 4 Engine Companies, 2 Ladder Companies, 2 Squad Companies, 2 Chief Units, 1 Ambulance, 1 EMS Supervisor |
2nd Alarm Fire | 2nd Alarm Assignment | 3 Engine Companies, 2 Ladder Companies (with 1 Platform Truck Company), 1 Squad Company, 1 Chief Unit, Car 203 (Senior Chief), 1 Ambulance, 1 Medic Supervisor |
3rd Alarm Fire | 3rd Alarm Assignment | 3 Engine Companies, 1 Ladder Company, 1 Squad Company, 1 Chief Unit, 1 Deputy Chief Unit (Car 201 or Car 202), 1 Ambulance, 1 EMS Supervisor, Mobile Command Unit |
Motor Vehicle Accident/Elevator Rescue | Special Assignment | 1 Engine Company, 1 Squad Company, 1 Chief Unit, 1 Medic Unit |
Confined-Space Rescue | Special Assignment | 1 Engine Company, 1 Squad Company, 1 Chief Unit, 1 Medic Unit |
Bomb Threat | Special Assignment | 4 Engine Companies, 1 Ladder Company, 1 Squad Company, 1 Chief Unit, Haz-Mat. Unit, 1 Medic Unit |
Police Assist/Access | Special Assignment | 1 Ladder Company or 1 Squad Company, 1 Chief Unit |
Additional EMS units are added at the discretion of Medical Incident Command on scene.
The Los Angeles Fire Department provides firefighting services as well as technical rescue services, hazardous materials services and emergency medical services to the citizens of the city of Los Angeles, California, United States. The LAFD is responsible for approximately four million people who live in the agency's 471 square miles (1,220 km2) jurisdiction. The Los Angeles Fire Department was founded in 1886 and is the third largest municipal fire department in the United States, after the New York City Fire Department and the Chicago Fire Department. The department is sometimes also referred to as the Los Angeles City Fire Department or "LA City Fire" to distinguish it from the Los Angeles County Fire Department, which serves unincorporated areas and, via contracts, other incorporated municipalities within Los Angeles County without their own fire departments. The department is currently under the command of Chief Kristin Crowley.
The New York City Fire Department, officially the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) is the full-service fire department of New York City, serving all five boroughs. The New York City Fire Department is responsible for providing Fire Suppression Services,Specialized Hazardous Materials Response Services,Emergency Medical Response Services and Specialized Technical Rescue Services in the entire city.
The Chicago Fire Department (CFD) provides firefighting services along with emergency medical response services, hazardous materials mitigation services, and technical rescue response services in the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States, under the jurisdiction of the Mayor of Chicago. The Chicago Fire Department is the second-largest municipal fire department in the United States after the New York City Fire Department (FDNY). It is also one of the oldest major organized fire departments in the nation. It has numerous general purpose and specialized vehicles and equipment to accomplish its missions.
The Los Angeles County Fire Department (LACoFD) provides firefighting and emergency medical services for the unincorporated parts of Los Angeles County, California, as well as 59 cities through contracting, including the city of La Habra, which is located in Orange County and is the first city outside of Los Angeles County to contract with LACoFD.
The Arlington County Fire Department (ACFD) provides fire, emergency medical, and allied public safety services for Arlington County and the City of Falls Church in Virginia, USA. It is highly regarded within the profession as an innovator and leader in enhancing the industry. Among its many firsts are the hiring of the first female career firefighter in the world in 1974 and partnering with the United States Public Health Service to develop America's first Metropolitan Medical Strike Team to respond to the consequences of a chemical, biological or radiological terrorist attack.
Palm Beach County Fire Rescue (PBCFR) is one of the largest fire departments in the state of Florida. With 52 stations, Palm Beach County Fire Rescue provides fire protection, Advanced Life Support, emergency medical services, technical rescue, hazardous materials' mitigation, aircraft rescue/firefighting, fire investigation, and 911 dispatching for unincorporated parts of Palm Beach County, Florida as well as 19 cities under contract.
The Seattle Fire Department provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Seattle, Washington, United States. The department is responsible for an area of 142.5 square miles (369 km2), including 193 miles (311 km) of waterfront, with a population of 713,700. There is a total of 1,065 employees with 981 uniformed personnel and 84 civilian employees.
Vancouver Fire and Rescue Services (VFRS) was founded in 1886 and today serves the city of Vancouver, British Columbia. The Vancouver Fire And Rescue Services provides Fire Suppression Services,Medical Response Services,Technical Rescue Services and Hazardous Materials Response Services. In 2017, VFRS responded to 67,000 emergency calls.
The San Diego Fire-Rescue Department (SDFD) is the full-service fire department of San Diego, California. It was established on August 5, 1889. The department responds to over 183,000 calls per year. It covers 343 square miles of service area, including 17 miles of coastline. It is the second-largest municipal fire department in California, after the Los Angeles Fire Department.
Fort Lauderdale Fire-Rescue Department is the fire and rescue service provider for the City of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, as well as the cities of Wilton Manors and Lazy Lake through service contracts. Additionally the FLFRD is responsible for ARFF at Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport. In 2013, the department responded to 44,387 calls for service.
Winnipeg Fire Paramedic Service (WFPS) provides fire and EMS services to the City of Winnipeg, Manitoba. It operates from 27 fire stations, and 3 administration offices across the city.
The Prince George's County Fire/EMS Department (PGFD) is a combination career/volunteer county-level agency that provides fire prevention, fire protection, emergency medical services, rescue services and community outreach programs for residents of Prince George's County, Maryland. The department is composed of volunteers from 33 fire companies throughout the county, that are represented by the Prince George's County Volunteer Fire & Rescue Association, as well as career firefighters affiliated with the Prince George's County Professional Firefighters and Paramedics Association, IAFF Local 1619. According to the Firehouse Magazine 2010 Combination Fire Department Run Survey, the Prince George's County Fire/EMS Department covers a response area of approximately 580 miles, protects approximately 900,000 people, and has an annual operating budget of $132 million. Prince George's County Fire/EMS Department responded to 148,506 calls in 2016 according to the 2016 National Run Survey. 29,702 of those calls were fire related and 118,804 that were EMS calls, making Prince George's County Fire/EMS Department the busiest combination fire department in the United States to submit statistics.
Firefighting in the United States dates back to the earliest European colonies in the Americas. Early firefighters were simply community members who would respond to neighborhood fires with buckets. The first dedicated volunteer fire brigade was established in 1736 in Philadelphia. These volunteer companies were often paid by insurance companies in return for protecting their clients.
The District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department, established July 1, 1804, provides fire protection and emergency medical service for the District of Columbia, in the United States. An organ of the devolved district government, Fire & EMS is responsible for providing fire suppression, ambulance service and hazardous materials containment for the federal district.
The Loudoun County Combined Fire-Rescue System (LC-CFRS) is made up of the career Loudoun County Fire and Rescue (LCFR) and 16 volunteer organizations. LC-CFRS has the responsibility of protecting the citizens and property of the towns, villages, and suburbs of Loudoun County, Virginia, from fires and fire hazards, providing emergency medical services, and technical rescue response services, including Hazardous Materials mitigation, Mass Casualty Incident response services, environmental danger response services and more. The headquarters and training facilities of the department are in Leesburg, off Sycolin Road.
The New Haven Fire Department (NHFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of New Haven, Connecticut. The New Haven Fire Department currently serves a population of over 130,000 people living in 19 square miles of land and is one of the largest fire departments in the state.
The San Rafael Fire Department (SRFD) provides fire and emergency medical services to the City of San Rafael, California. The San Rafael Fire Department serves an estimated population of 72,000 people with approximately 70 firefighting and emergency medical field personnel. The ISO Class 1 department responds to, on average, approximately 9,000 emergency calls annually, with about 70% being emergency medical calls. EMS patients are transported to the hospital of their choice, unless the call is urgent.
The Yonkers Fire Department (YFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Yonkers, New York, United States.
The history of the District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department, which grew gradually as volunteer companies formed between 1770 and 1860, then more rapidly with the addition of paid members starting in 1864 and the transition to a fully paid department in 1871, has been marked in recent years by various controversies and scandals.
The Vancouver Fire Department (VFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Vancouver and, by contract to Clark County Fire District 5, in Washington, United States. The VFD's response area is 89.2 square miles (231 km2) with a population of over 297,400. The VFD has the highest call volume per firefighter in the state. ALS transport is provided by AMR, making the VFD's service area population by far the largest in Western Washington without public ALS ambulance service.
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