Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DGAT2 gene. [5]
Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DGAT2 gene. [5]
This gene encodes one of two enzymes which catalyzes the final reaction in the synthesis of triglycerides in which diacylglycerol is covalently bound to long chain fatty acyl-CoAs.
The encoded protein catalyzes this reaction at low concentrations of magnesium chloride while the other enzyme has high activity at high concentrations of magnesium chloride. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Hormone-sensitive lipase (EC 3.1.1.79, HSL), also previously known as cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH), sometimes referred to as triacylglycerol lipase, is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the LIPE gene, and catalyzes the following reaction:
Diglyceride acyltransferase, DGAT, catalyzes the formation of triglycerides (triacylglycerols) from diacylglycerol and acyl-CoA. The reaction catalyzed by DGAT is considered the terminal and only committed step in the acyl-CoA depedent triglyceride synthesis, univerally important in animal, plants, and microorganisms. The conversion is essential for intestinal absorption and adipose tissue formation in mamalian. DGAT1 are homologous to other membrane-bound O-acyltransferases, but other DGATs are not.
Galanin receptor 1 (GAL1) is a G-protein coupled receptor encoded by the GALR1 gene.
In enzymology, a long-chain-alcohol O-fatty-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Sterol O-acyltransferase 1, also known as SOAT1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SOAT1 gene.
Sterol O-acyltransferase 2, also known as SOAT2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SOAT2 gene.
Diacylglycerol kinase gamma is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DGKG gene.
LYPLA3, also known as Group XV phospholipase A2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G15 gene.
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2-gamma is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PNPLA8 gene.
The human gene AGK encodes the enzyme mitochondrial acylglycerol kinase.
Phosphatidylcholine:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SGMS1 gene.
Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 11 also known as StAR-related lipid transfer protein 14 (STARD14) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACOT11 gene. This gene encodes a protein with acyl-CoA thioesterase activity towards medium (C12) and long-chain (C18) fatty acyl-CoA substrates which relies on its StAR-related lipid transfer domain. Expression of a similar murine protein in brown adipose tissue is induced by cold exposure and repressed by warmth. Expression of the mouse protein has been associated with obesity, with higher expression found in obesity-resistant mice compared with obesity-prone mice. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) also known as adiponutrin (ADPN), acylglycerol O-acyltransferase or calcium-independent phospholipase A2-epsilon (iPLA2-epsilon) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PNPLA3 gene.
2-Acylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 also known as acyl-CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (MGAT2) or Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase candidate 5 (DC5) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MOGAT2 gene.
Lipid droplets, also referred to as lipid bodies, oil bodies or adiposomes, are lipid-rich cellular organelles that regulate the storage and hydrolysis of neutral lipids and are found largely in the adipose tissue. They also serve as a reservoir for cholesterol and acyl-glycerols for membrane formation and maintenance. Lipid droplets are found in all eukaryotic organisms and store a large portion of lipids in mammalian adipocytes. Initially, these lipid droplets were considered to merely serve as fat depots, but since the discovery in the 1990s of proteins in the lipid droplet coat that regulate lipid droplet dynamics and lipid metabolism, lipid droplets are seen as highly dynamic organelles that play a very important role in the regulation of intracellular lipid storage and lipid metabolism. The role of lipid droplets outside of lipid and cholesterol storage has recently begun to be elucidated and includes a close association to inflammatory responses through the synthesis and metabolism of eicosanoids and to metabolic disorders such as obesity, cancer, and atherosclerosis. In non-adipocytes, lipid droplets are known to play a role in protection from lipotoxicity by storage of fatty acids in the form of neutral triacylglycerol, which consists of three fatty acids bound to glycerol. Alternatively, fatty acids can be converted to lipid intermediates like diacylglycerol (DAG), ceramides and fatty acyl-CoAs. These lipid intermediates can impair insulin signaling, which is referred to as lipid-induced insulin resistance and lipotoxicity. Lipid droplets also serve as platforms for protein binding and degradation. Finally, lipid droplets are known to be exploited by pathogens such as the hepatitis C virus, the dengue virus and Chlamydia trachomatis among others.
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic, also known as cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACAT2 gene
Lysophospholipid acyltransferase 7 also known as membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing protein 7 (MBOAT7) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MBOAT7 gene. It is homologous to other membrane-bound O-acyltransferases.
Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DGAT1 gene.
Lysocardiolipin acyltransferase 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LCLAT1 gene.
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4 is a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase that in humans is encoded by the GPAT4 gene.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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