Dinozoa

Dinozoa
	Symbiosis between two dinozoans: the perkinsid Dinovorax pyriformis infecting the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Diaphoretickes
Clade:	Sar
Clade:	Alveolata
Clade:	Myzozoa
Clade:	Dinozoa ; Cavalier-Smith 1981 emend. 2004
Phyla
	Dinoflagellata ; Perkinsozoa ;

Last updated June 20, 2025

Dinozoa is a group of microorganisms composed of dinoflagellates and perkinsids.^[1] It was initially coined in 1981 as a synonym of dinoflagellates,^[2] but in 2004 the name was repurposed for the evolutionary lineage or clade of dinoflagellates and their closest relatives, the perkinsids.^[3]

References

1 2 Reñé, Albert; Alacid, Elisabet; Ferrera, Isabel; Garcés, Esther (24 August 2017). "Evolutionary Trends of Perkinsozoa (Alveolata) Characters Based on Observations of Two New Genera of Parasitoids of dinoflagellates, Dinovorax gen. nov. and Snorkelia gen. nov". Frontiers in Microbiology. 8. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01594 . ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 5609580 . PMID 28970818.
↑ Cavalier-Smith, T. (May 1982). "The origins of plastids". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 17 (3): 289–306. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1982.tb02023.x.
↑ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E. (6 September 2004). "Protalveolate phylogeny and systematics and the origins of Sporozoa and dinoflagellates (phylum Myzozoa nom. nov.)". European Journal of Protistology. 40 (3): 185–212. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2004.01.002.

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[Reñé-2017-1] 1 2 Reñé, Albert; Alacid, Elisabet; Ferrera, Isabel; Garcés, Esther (24 August 2017). "Evolutionary Trends of Perkinsozoa (Alveolata) Characters Based on Observations of Two New Genera of Parasitoids of dinoflagellates, Dinovorax gen. nov. and Snorkelia gen. nov". Frontiers in Microbiology. 8. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01594 . ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 5609580 . PMID 28970818.

[2] Cavalier-Smith, T. (May 1982). "The origins of plastids". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 17 (3): 289–306. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1982.tb02023.x.

[3] Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E. (6 September 2004). "Protalveolate phylogeny and systematics and the origins of Sporozoa and dinoflagellates (phylum Myzozoa nom. nov.)". European Journal of Protistology. 40 (3): 185–212. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2004.01.002.

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