Donboli tribe

Last updated

The Donboli are a Turkic-speaking Kurdish tribe who live around Khoy and Salmas in northwestern Iran. [1] They are currently adherents of Shia Islam, but before that they were reportedly Yazidis for a long time. [2]

According to Sharafkhan Bidlisi (died 1603/04), the Donboli was known as "Donbol-e Bokht" since the "most authentic" theory said that they originated in Bohtan, an area in what is now southeast Turkey between Siirt and Cizre. It appears that one Isa Beg, whose heirs were referred to as the "Isa Begi", was its first leader. A few years before to the formation of the Aq Qoyunlu in 1378, the Isa Begi ruled the district of Sokmanabad (modern-day Zurabad). One of Isa Beg's descendants, Shaikh Ahmad Beg rose to prominence in the Aq Qoyunlu government and took control of both the Hakkari territory southeast of Lake Van and the castle of Bay, which was held by the Donboli for a considerable amount of time. The Safavid shah (king) of Iran, Tahmasp I (r.1524–1576) had Sokmanabad and Khoy merged into a single district and entrusted it to Shaikh Ahmad Beg's grandson Haji Beg as its governor, who was given the title of haji soltan. Haji Beg was also given the responsibility of guarding the realm's borders. [2]

It seems that certain families in southeast Anatolia stayed behind when the Donboli northwestern Iran. Sharafkhan Bidlisi and Carsten Niebuhr (died 1815) both made reference to this group, with the latter reporting that it was situated south of Diyarbakr and that its number of tents was approximately 500. A community of Donboli Kurds—possibly not Turkicized—existed in the Safavid Erivan province in the 18th century. [2]

Today, the Donboli no longer have their tribal identity and become sedentary. [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sharafkhan Bidlisi</span> Kurdish noble and writer (1543-c.1603)

Sharaf al-Din Khan b. Shams al-Din b. Sharaf Beg Bedlisi was a Kurdish Emir of Bitlis. He was also a historian, writer and poet. He wrote exclusively in Persian. Born in the Qara Rud village, in central Iran, between Arak and Qom, at a young age he was sent to the Safavids' court and obtained his education there.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shaki Khanate</span> Khanate under Iranian and Russian control

The Shaki Khanate was a khanate under Iranian and later Russian suzerainty, which controlled the town of Shaki and its surroundings, now located in present-day Azerbaijan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aq Qoyunlu</span> Persianate, Sunni-Muslim Turkoman confederation (1378–1508)

The Aq Qoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Turkoman tribal confederation. Founded in the Diyarbakir region by Qara Yuluk Uthman Beg, they ruled parts of present-day eastern Turkey from 1378 to 1503, and in their last decades also ruled Armenia, Azerbaijan, much of Iran, Iraq, and Oman where the ruler of Hormuz recognised Aq Qoyunlu suzerainty. The Aq Qoyunlu empire reached its zenith under Uzun Hasan.

Heyran Donboli was an Iranian female poet who composed works in Persian, as well as some in Azerbaijani Turkic. Born between 1785–1790, she was a member of the Turkic-speaking Kurdish Donboli tribe in the Azerbaijan region. Her exact name and birthplace remain uncertain, with suggestions including Nakhchivan, Tabriz and Urmia. Following the Iranian cession of Nakhchivan to Russia in 1813, she and her family moved south of the Aras River, settling in the village of Khaneqah Sorkh. Heyran's poetry, characterized by its straightforward language and emotional expression of women's experiences, was a rarity in Qajar Iran, where literacy was low and women's public roles were limited in a male dominated society. She was a proponent of the Bazgasht-e adabi literary movement, advocating a return to classical Persian styles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tabriz Khanate</span> Historic Khanate, located in Iranian Azerbaijan

The Tabriz Khanate was a Caucasian Khanate from 1757 to 1799, centered around Tabriz and led by members of the Turkified Kurdish Donboli tribe.

The Khoy Khanate, also known as the Principality of Donboli, was a hereditary Kurdish khanate around Khoy and Salmas in Iran ruled by the Donboli tribe from 1210 until 1799. The khanate has been described as the most powerful khanate in the region during the second half of the 18th century. The official religion of this principality was originally Yezidism, until some rulers eventually converted to Islam. The principality has its origins under the Ayyubid dynasty and was ultimately dissolved in 1799 by Abbas Mirza. During this period, the status of principality oscillated between autonomous and independent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jafar Qoli Khan Donboli</span> Khan of Khoy & Khan of Tabriz

Jafar Qoli Khan Donboli was the last khan of the Khoy Khanate from 1798 to 1799 and penultimate Khan of Shaki from 1806 to 1814.

Ahmad Khan Donboli was the second khan of the Khoy Khanate from 1763 to 1786.

Hosayn Qoli Donboli was the third khan of the Khoy Khanate from 1786 to 1798.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chegini (tribe)</span> Kurdish tribe

The Chegini tribe is a mostly sedentary Kurdish tribe which lives in Lorestan Province and scattered around Qazvin Province and Fars Province in Iran. The tribe also lives in Kurdistan Region and Kirkuk in Iraq. While the tribe migrated to Lorestan from Northwestern Iran, not much info exist on its origins.

Mawsillu was one of the most active Turkic tribes that operated during the Aq Qoyunlu and Safavid empires. During the Safavid Empire, it was one of the Turkmen tribes that formed the Qizilbash tribes. The Mosul tribe, more commonly referred to as Turkmen in the Safavid Empire, originated from the region of Mosul.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Principality of Mahmudi</span> Kurdish principality

Mahmudi Principality or Mahmudis was a Kurdish principality founded in 1406 by the Mahmudi tribe. This principality ruled effectively in strategic areas such as Hakkari and Donboli. However, it collapsed in 1829 after a siege by Han Mahmud,Prıncıpalıty of Müküs, and other Kurdish beys.

The Divan-begi was a high-ranking official in Judicial system of Safavid Iran (1501–1736), who acted as chief justice of Safavid capital and all over the kingdom's courts. It was the Persian form of Turkic Diwan-begi office, also known as the Imperial Chief Justice or Lord High Justice. Divan-begis presided over an appeals court for the kingdom, except for cases involving military officers or religious officials. Divan-begis had deputies to assist them.

Baba Fighani Shirazi was a Persian poet active in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Born and raised in the southern city of Shiraz, Fighani belonged to a family of craftsmen, working as a cutler for his father and brother during his youth. It is unknown how Fighani rose to prominence as a poet, but by the time the Aq Qoyunlu Ya'qub Beg ruled, he had become a notable figure, and was thus was given the honorific title of bābā shāʿir or bābā al-shuʿarā by the latter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahmad Beg</span> Aq Qoyunlu sultan

Ahmad Göde or Gövde Ahmad, born Sultanzade Ahmed and commonly known as Ahmad Beg or Sultan Ahmad, was a ruler of the Aq Qoyunlu.

Abd al-Razzaq Beg Donboli was an Iranian literary biographer, poet, and historian active during the early Qajar period. He belonged to the Donboli, a Turkic-speaking Kurdish tribe, which played a leading role in the areas of Khoy and Salmas in Azerbaijan, northern Iran.

Emirate of Çemişgezek was a hereditary and autonomous Kurdish emirate existing from the 13th century to 1663, centered around Çemişgezek including Mazgirt, Pertek and Sağman. The emirate was populated by both Muslims and non-Muslims, and moreover had a significant Kurdish Alevi population which flourished and expanded due to the secured self-governance under Ottoman rule, despite Ottoman antagonism towards the minority. Beside Kurds, the emirate had a Bozulus population. According to Sharafnama, the 12–13th-century rulers of the emirate were of Turkic origin.

Kangarlu is a Turkic tribe that resides in the Azerbaijan and Qom-Varamin regions of Iran. They were originally a clan of the prominent Ustajlu tribe of the Qizilbash tribal confederacy.

Agacheri was a Turkmen tribe that inhabited parts of Anatolia until the 14th century. They were allied with the Qara Qoyunlu during the 14–15th centuries but shifted their allegiance to the Aq Qoyunlu upon the downfall of the former. A portion of the tribe remained in Anatolia, while another migrated to Iran, where they additionally incorporated Lurs. The tribe is known by its historical name in Iran, while it is thought to be connected to the Tahtacı in Turkey.

Bayburdlu, or Bayburtlu (بایبورتلو), is a Turkoman tribe inhabiting the region of Arasbaran in northwestern Iran. The tribe presumably had its roots in the area around the city of Bayburt. According to Karamanname, the Bayburdlu tribe attained land between Konya and Ankara in central Anatolia upon its conquest by the Karamanids, and the tribe's name was reflected in that of a local Ottoman-era district. The loyalty of the Bayburdlu tribe changed to Iran with the rise of the Safavids, under whom many tribesmen served as governors and military commanders.

References

Sources