| Dukedom of Noailles | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms of the Dukes of Noailles as peers of France | |
| Creation date | 1663 |
| Monarch | Louis XIV |
| Peerage | France |
| First holder | Anne de Noailles |
| Present holder | Hélie de Noailles |
The title of Duke of Noailles was a French peerage created in 1663 for Anne de Noailles, Count of Ayen.
Noailles is the name of a prominent French noble family, derived from the castle of Noailles in the territory of Ayen, between Brive and Turenne in Limousin, and claiming to date back to the 11th century. The family did not obtain fame until the 16th century, when its head, Antoine de Noailles (1504–1562), became admiral of France and was ambassador in England during three important years (1553–1556), maintaining a gallant but unsuccessful rivalry with the Spanish ambassador, Simon Renard. Henri de Noailles (1554–1623), son of Antoine, was a commander in the religious wars and was made comte d'Ayen by Henry IV of France in 1593. [1]
Anne de Noailles (died 1678), the grandson of the first count, played an important part in the Fronde and the early years of the reign of Louis XIV, became captain-general of the newly-won province of Roussillon, and in 1663 was made Duke of Noailles and a peer of France. [2]
The sons of the first duke raised the family to its greatest fame. The eldest son, Anne Jules de Noailles (1650–1708), was one of the chief generals of France towards the end of the reign of Louis XIV. After raising the regiment of Noailles in 1689, he commanded in Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession and was made Marshal of France in 1693. A younger son, Louis Antoine de Noailles (1651–1729), was in 1695 made archbishop of Paris and hence also Duke of Saint-Cloud and peer of France in his own right, holding these high dignities until his death; he was made a cardinal in 1699. [3]
The name of Noailles continued to be prominent throughout the 18th century. Adrien Maurice (1678–1766), the third duke, served in all the most important wars of the reign of Louis XV in Italy and Germany, and became a marshal in 1734. His last command was in the War of the Austrian Succession, when he was beaten by the English at the battle of Dettingen in 1743. He married Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné, a niece of Madame de Maintenon, and two of his sons also attained the rank of Marshal of France. [3]
The elder son of Adrien Maurice, Louis (1713–1793), who bore the title of duc d'Ayen until his father's death in 1766, when he became Duke of Noailles, served in most of the wars of the 18th century without particular distinction, but was nevertheless made a marshal in 1775. He refused to emigrate during the Revolution, but escaped the guillotine by dying in August 1793, before the Terror reached its height. On the 4th Thermidor (July 22), the aged duchesse de Noailles was executed with her daughter-in-law, the duchesse d'Ayen, and her granddaughter, the vicomtesse de Noailles. [3] His younger brother, Philippe (1715–1794), comte de Noailles, afterwards Duke of Mouchy, was a more distinguished soldier than his brother. [3]
Jean Paul François (1739–1824), the fifth duke, was in the army, but his tastes were scientific, and for his eminence as a chemist he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences in 1777. He became Duke of Ayen in 1766 on his grandfather's death, and Duke of Noailles on his father's in 1793. Having emigrated in 1792, he lived in Switzerland until the Restoration in 1814, when he took his seat as a peer of France. [3]
He had no son, and was succeeded as Duke of Noailles by his grand-nephew, Paul (1802–1885), who won some reputation as an author and who became a member of the French Academy in the place of Chateaubriand in 1849. The grandfather of Paul de Noailles, and brother of the fifth duke, Emmanuel Marie Louis (1743–1822), marquis de Noailles, was ambassador at Amsterdam from 1770–1776, at London from 1776–1783, and at Vienna from 1783–1792. [3]
| No. | From | To | Portrait | Duke of Noailles | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1663 | 1678 |  | Anne | Also Count of Ayen |
| 2 | 1678 | 1708 |  | Anne Jules | Also Marshal of France |
| 3 | 1708 | 1766 |  | Adrian Maurice | Also Marshal of France; married Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné, niece of Madame de Maintenon. |
| 4 | 1766 | 1793 |  | Louis | Also Marshal of France |
| 5 | 1793 | 1824 | John Louis | ||
| 6 | 1824 | 1885 |  | Paul | |
| 7 | 1885 | 1895 | Jules Charles | ||
| 8 | 1895 | 1953 | Adrian Maurice | ||
| 9 | 1953 | 2009 | Francis Agenor | ||
| 10 | 2009 | present | Hélie Marie Auguste Jacques Bertrand Philippe | ||
Adrien Maurice de Noailles, 3rd Duke of Noailles was a French nobleman and soldier.
Louis-Marie, vicomte de Noailles was the second son of Philippe, duc de Mouchy, and a member of Mouchy branch of the famous Noailles family of the French aristocracy.
Philippe de Noailles, comte de Noailles and later prince de Poix, duc de Mouchy, and duc de Poix à brevêt, was a younger brother of Louis de Noailles, and a more distinguished soldier than his brother. He was the son of Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné, niece of Madame de Maintenon.
Jean-Louis-Paul-François de Noailles, 5th Duke of Noailles was a French nobleman and scientist.
Louis de Noailles, 4th Duke of Noailles was a French peer and Marshal of France. He was the son of Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné, niece of Madame de Maintenon, and a nephew of Marie Victoire de Noailles, daughter-in-law of Louis XIV of France.
Anne Jules de Noailles, 2nd Duke of Noailles was one of the chief generals of France towards the end of the reign of Louis XIV, and, after raising the regiment of Noailles in 1689, he commanded in Spain during both the War of the Grand Alliance and the War of the Spanish Succession, and was made marshal of France in 1693.
The title of duke of Mouchy is a Spanish title and a French peerage held by members of a cadet branch of the Noailles family.
Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, a legitimated prince of the blood royal, was the son of Louis XIV and of his mistress Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan. At the age of five, he became grand admiral of France.
Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon was the son of Louis Alexandre de Bourbon and his wife Marie Victoire de Noailles. He was therefore a grandson of Louis XIV of France and his mistress, Madame de Montespan. From birth he was known as the Duke of Penthièvre. He also possessed the following titles: Prince of Lamballe ; Prince of Carignano; Duke of Rambouillet; Duke of Aumale (1775); Duke of Gisors; Duke of Châteauvillain; Duke of Arc-en-Barrois; Duke of Amboise; Count of Eu; Count of Guingamp. He was the father in law of Philippe Égalité.
The Life Guards was the senior formation of the King of France's Household Cavalry within the Maison militaire du roi de France.
Anne d'Arpajon, comtesse de Noailles was a French noblewoman and court official. She served as the dame d'honneur of two Queens of France, Marie Leszczyńska and Marie Antoinette. She was called "Madame Etiquette" by Marie Antoinette for her insistence that no minutia of court etiquette ever be altered or disregarded.
Marie Victoire Sophie de Noailles, Countess of Toulouse, was a French noble and courtier. She was the daughter of Anne Jules de Noailles, the 2nd Duke of Noailles, and Marie-Françoise de Bournonville. Her second spouse was Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Count of Toulouse, the youngest legitimized son of King Louis XIV of France and his maîtresse-en-titre, Madame de Montespan.
Antonin Claude Dominique Just de Noailles, 7th Prince of Poix then 4th Spanish Duke of Mouchy, 3rd French Duke of Mouchy and Duke of Poix, was a French politician.
Charles Arthur Tristan Languedoc de Noailles (1771-1834) was a French aristocrat and politician.
Philippe François Armand Marie de Noailles, Duc de Mouchy, Prince-Duc de Poix was a cadet of the French ducal house of Noailles, and second in succession to the senior title. He was the eldest son of Henri-Antoine-Marie de Noailles, Duc de Mouchy, Prince-Duc de Poix, and of Marie de La Rochefoucauld. Following his marriage to Joan Dillon, he became managing director of Domaine Clarence Dillon. Together, the couple acquired Château La Mission Haut-Brion, Château Laville Haut-Brion and Château La Tour Haut-Brion.
Françoise Charlotte Amable d'Aubigné, Duchess of Noailles was a French aristocrat, the wife of Adrien Maurice de Noailles, 3rd Duke of Noailles. She was the niece of Françoise d'Aubigné, Madame de Maintenon, and her heiress.
Marie Charlotte de La Tour d'Auvergne, was a French noblewoman and member of the House of La Tour d'Auvergne. Married into the House of Beauvau, a powerful family originating in Anjou, she had a daughter at the age twenty, and died of smallpox at the age of thirty three. The present Duke of Mouchy branch of the Noailles family are descended from her.
Anne de Noailles, 1st Duke of Noailles was the great-grandson of Antoine, 1st comte de Noailles. He played an important part in the Fronde and the early years of the reign of Louis XIV, became captain-general of the newly won province of Roussillon, and in 1663 was created duc de Noailles and peer of France.
Philippe-Louis-Marc-Antoine, comte de Noailles, prince-duc de Poix, and 2nd Spanish and 1st French duc de Mouchy, was a French soldier, and politician of the Revolution.
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