Dwijendralal Ray

Last updated

Dwijendralal Ray
Dwijendra Lal Roy.jpg
Dwijendralal Ray
Born(1863-07-19)19 July 1863
Krishnanagar, Nadia District, Bengal Presidency, British India (now West Bengal, India)
Died17 May 1913(1913-05-17) (aged 49)
Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India (now West Bengal, India)
OccupationCivil servant, playwright and musician
Language Bengali
Nationality Indian
Period Bengal Renaissance
GenreDrama, Song, Essay
Literary movement Bengal Renaissance
SpouseSurabala Devi
Children2, including Dilip Kumar Roy

Dwijendralal Ray (19 July 1863 – 17 May 1913), also known as D. L. Ray, was an Indian poet, playwright, and musician. [1] He was known for his Hindu mythological and nationalist historical plays and songs known as Dwijendrageeti or the Songs of Dwijendralal, which number over 500, create a separate subgenre of Bengali music. [2]

Contents

Early life and education

Early life

Dwijendralal Ray was born in Krishnanagar, Nadia, in the modern-day Indian state of West Bengal, on 19 July 1863. He was the seventh child of Kartikeyachandra Ray, Dewan (Chief Officer) of Krishnanagar palace. [3] From his mother's side, he was a descendant of Vaishnava ascetic Advaita Acharya, one of the apostles of the medieval Bengali saint Shri Chaitanya. Ray had six elder brothers and a younger sister. [4] [5]

As a child, Ray was temperamental, introverted, thoughtful and a lover of nature, although he possessed the gift of the gab. He passed the Entrance Examination in 1878 and the First Arts Examination in 1880 at the Krishnanagar Collegiate School. Later, he received a B.A. from Hooghly College and subsequently an M.A. in English in 1884 from Presidency College, Calcutta, as a graduating student of the University of Calcutta. Being a brilliant student, he received a scholarship owing to his performance in the Entrance and First Arts examinations, and was second among all students receiving M.A. degrees from the University of Calcutta in 1884. [4]

Aryagatha Part I, a collection of Ray's songs written between the ages of twelve and seventeen, was published in 1882. It was his first publication. [4] [6]

In England

In 1884, Ray got a state scholarship for study of agriculture in England. "His description of the sea-voyage and his keen observation on the manners, customs, food-habits and dresses of British people" was serialised in a weekly named Pataka and later published by his brothers as Bileter Patra (Letters from England).While in England, he received the news of his beloved parents' death. [4] In 1886, he published The Lyrics of Ind, a collection of English lyrical poems written in England. [4]

Ray Passed the examination from the Cirencester College and was enrolled as a member of the Royal Agricultural College and the Royal Agricultural Society. After obtaining a diploma in F.R.A.S., he returned to India in 1886. [7]

Career

On his return from England, Ray was appointed as a Deputy Magistrate in 1886 and worked in the Departments of Survey and Settlement, Excise, Land Records and Agriculture, Administration and Judiciary in different parts of Bengal, Bihar and Central Province. [5] In 1887, Ray married Surabala Devi, daughter of Pratap Chandra Majumdar, a renowned homeopath physician. He was appointed the First Inspector of the Excise Department in 1894, the Assistant Director, Land Records and Agriculture Department in 1898 and the Assistant to the Commissioner, Excise Department in 1900. Later again he was appointed Inspector of Excise Department. [4]

Surabala Devi died in 1903. In 1905, Ray was transferred to Khulna. Later he served at Murshidabad, Kandi, Gaya and Jahanabad also. In 1908, he took long leave to stay in Calcutta. Next year, he was appointed Deputy Magistrate of 24 Parganas. In 1912, he was transferred to Bankura and within three months he was again transferred to Munger where he had fallen seriously ill and due to this illness he took voluntary retirement and returned to Calcutta. [4]

Last days

In the same year, Ray started editing a journal named Bharatbarsha. But he did not live more than two months after his retirement. He died of a sudden attack of epilepsy on 17 May 1913 in Kolkata. [4] [8]

Political activity

Though from a landed Bengali aristocratic family, Ray was known for his pro-peasant sentiments. In 1890, while working for the government, he clashed with the Bengal Governor on the issue of peasant land rights and tithing obligations.

Following the 1905 Partition of Bengal, Ray joined the cultural movement to reunite the two new Bengali provinces. It was during the time he wrote several patriotic songs that are still immensely popular today. [9]

He was known also for his commitment to the uplifting of women, and his strong stance against Hindu religious orthodoxy and ritual. His collection Hanshir Gaan was a satire against upper-caste Hindu dominance of religious practices. [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ashutosh Mukherjee</span> Bengali educator, jurist, barrister and mathematician (1864-1924)

Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee was a prolific Bengali educator, jurist, barrister and mathematician. He was the first student to be awarded a dual degree from Calcutta University. Perhaps the most emphatic figure of Indian education, he was a man of great personality, high self-respect, courage and towering administrative ability. The second Indian Vice-Chancellor of the University of Calcutta for four consecutive two-year terms (1906–1914) and a fifth two-year term (1921–23), Mukherjee was responsible for the foundation of the Bengal Technical Institute in 1906, which was later known as Jadavpur University and the University College of Science of the Calcutta University in 1914.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Music of Bengal</span>

Bengali music comprises a long tradition of religious and secular song-writing over a period of almost a millennium. Composed with lyrics in the Bengali language, Bengali music spans a wide variety of styles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nadia district</span> District in West Bengal, India

Nadia is a district in the state of West Bengal, India. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Purba Bardhaman to the west, and Murshidabad to the north.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prafulla Chandra Ray</span> Bengali chemist, educationist, nationalist, industrialist and philanthropist

Sir Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray, CIE, FNI, FRASB, FIAS, FCS was an Indian chemist, educationist, historian, industrialist and philanthropist. He established the first modern Indian research school in chemistry and is regarded as the Father of Indian Chemistry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krishnanagar, Nadia</span> City in West Bengal, India

Krishnanagar is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Nadia district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dilipkumar Roy</span>

Dilip Kumar Roy, also spelt Dilipkumar Roy, was an Indian musician, singer, musicologist, novelist, poet, essayist and yogi. He was the son of Dwijendralal Ray. In 1965, the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama, awarded him its highest honour for lifetime achievement, the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pramatha Chaudhuri</span> Bengali essayist, poet and writers (1868–1946)

Pramathanath Chaudhuri, known as Pramatha Chaudhuri, aliasBirbal, was a Bengali writer and an influential figure in Bengali literature. He was the nephew of Rabindranath Tagore as his mother was Sukumari Debi, the second sister of Tagore. He married musician and writer Indira Devi Chaudhurani, daughter of Satyendranath Tagore, the first Indian to have joined the Indian Civil Services and a noted author, composer and feminist of his time, who was also the second eldest brother of Rabindranath Tagore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Satabdi Roy</span> Indian actress, director, politician

Satabdi Roy (born 5 October 1969) is an Indian actress, film director and politician. As an actress she is known for her work in Bengali cinema. She is the recipient of BFJA Awards for two times. As an actress, she ruled the array of commercial Bengali cinema during the late 1980s and 1990s. As a director, she has been denounced critically for her use of superfluous themes. She is a Trinamool Congress Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha since 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Birendra Krishna Bhadra</span> Indian broadcaster, playwright, actor, reciter and theatre director

Birendra Krishna Bhadra (1905–1991) was a radio broadcaster, playwright, actor, narrator and theatre director from Kolkata, India and a contemporary of Pankaj Mallick and Kazi Nazrul Islam. He worked for the All India Radio, India's National Radio broadcaster for several years during its early, starting 1930s, and during this period he produced and adapted several plays.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rajanikanta Sen</span>

Rajanikanta Sen, also known as Kantakobi, was a Bengali poet and composer, known for his devotional (bhakti) compositions, as well as his patriotic songs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basanta Choudhury</span> Indian actor (1928–2000)

Basanta Choudhury was an Indian actor in Bengali and Hindi films. He worked with directors Asit Sen, Rajen Tarafdar, Ajay Kar and Bijay Bose, often in leading roles. He is a former Sheriff of Kolkata.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nihar Ranjan Gupta</span>

Nihar Ranjan Gupta was an Indian dermatologist and a popular Bengali novelist. He is the creator of the fictional detective character Kiriti Roy. Some of his writings were made into films of Bengal and Bollywood.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krishnagar Government College</span> Undergraduate college in West Bengal, India

Krishnagar Government College, established in 1846, is the oldest college in Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It offers undergraduate courses in arts and sciences and also some postgraduate courses. At first, the college was under the affiliation of University of Calcutta. Presently, it is affiliated to University of Kalyani (KU), National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) and University Grant Commission (UGC).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atul Prasad Sen</span> Bengali composer

Atul Prasad Sen was a Bengali composer, lyricist and singer, and also a lawyer, philanthropist, social worker, educationist and writer.

Krishna Chattopadhyay was an Indian singer, who along with her contemporary Manju Gupta, was the leading exponent of the songs composed by Atulprasad Sen, Dwijendralal Ray and Rajanikanta Sen. She also sang compositions by Himangshu Dutta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sudhir Chakraborty</span> Bengali writer (1934–2020)

Sudhir Chakravarti was a Bengali educationist and essayist. He made a vast contribution in Bengal's folk culture development and research. Chakravarti had completely changed the style of colonial prose with his new narrative style. He successfully had replaced the prevailing idea of essay-based writing being something of heavy scholarly matter with his graceful and humorous prose language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jaladhar Sen</span> Bengali writer

Rai Bahadur Jaladhar Sen was a Bengali writer, poet, editor and also a philanthropist, traveler, social worker, educationist and littérateur. He was awarded with the title Ray Bahadur by the British Government.

Abhijit Gangopadhyay is an Indian judge presently posted in the Calcutta High Court. Gangopadhyay started his career as a West Bengal Civil Service (WBCS) officer. Then he resigned from the position and practiced as a State Advocate in the Calcutta High Court. In the High Court on 2 May 2018, he joined as an additional judge, and on 30 July 2020, he became a permanent judge.

<i>Aparajito</i> (2022 film) 2022 Indian film

Aparajito, also known as Aparajito – The Undefeated, is a 2022 Indian Bengali-language biographical film directed and co-written by Anik Dutta. It was produced by Firdausul Hasan and Probal Halder under the banner of Friends Communication, and is based on the making of the film Pather Panchali by Satyajit Ray. The film, being shot in black and white, stars Jeetu Kamal in the titular role of Aparajito Ray.

References

  1. Murshid, Ghulam (25 January 2018). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years. Niyogi Books. ISBN   978-93-86906-12-0.
  2. Bhattacharyya, Sudip (26 December 2015). Over The Years. Educreation Publishing.
  3. বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়, সুদীপ. "কিরণ-মাখা রঙ্গমঞ্চের ক্লান্ত নায়ক দ্বিজেন্দ্রলাল". www.anandabazar.com (in Bengali). Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ghosh, Ajit Kumar (2001). Dwijendralal Ray. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 1. ISBN   81-260-1227-7.
  5. 1 2 Bhowmik, Arindam. "মেদিনীপুরে দ্বিজেন্দ্রলাল রায় | Dwijendralal Roy in Kajlagarh, Purba Medinipur". www.midnapore.in. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  6. Bengaliportal (25 August 2020). "দ্বিজেন্দ্রলাল রায় এর জীবন পরিচয়: Dwijendralal Ray Biography In Bengali - Bengaliportal 2023" . Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  7. "আনন্দবাজার পত্রিকা - কল-eকাতা". archives.anandabazar.com. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  8. "DL Roy's death anniv today". New Age | The Most Popular Outspoken English Daily in Bangladesh. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  9. Mallick, Sadya Afreen (19 July 2016). "DL ROY Patriotism to the fore". The Daily Star. Retrieved 11 May 2023.