The ELM-2084 is an Israeli ground-based mobile 3D AESA multi-mission radar (MMR) family produced by ELTA, a subsidiary of Israel Aerospace Industries. [1]
The radar is capable of detecting and tracking both aircraft and ballistic targets and providing fire control guidance for missile interception or artillery air defense.
Several versions of the radar were purchased and are operated by a number of armies, including the Israel Defense Forces, [2] Canadian Army, [3] Republic of Singapore Air Force, [4] Army of the Czech Republic, [5] [6] Slovak Armed Forces. [7]
The MMR's development was launched by Elta and the Administration for the Development of Weapons and Technology (Hebrew abbreviated Maf'at) in 2002 as a response to the growing ballistic threat to Israel.
A prototype of the system was used during IDF operation "Cast Lead" in 2008 as an early warning radar, detecting HAMAS artillery fire and providing accurate alert for the Israeli home front.
The first successful interception using the MMR as a firing control unit took place on April 7, 2011, with the Iron Dome intercepting a rocket fired from the Gaza strip towards Ashkelon, a city in southern Israel. [8]
As a tactical radar, the ELM 2084 is a mobile system consisted of the radar unit, a control module, a cooling unit and a power generator. It can be mounted on a variety of transport platforms.
The radar was designed to accommodate medium range operational needs in the battlefield: detection, classification and tracking of targets.
The Radar's main missions are:
Notable features of the radar:
This variant is the most prominent member of the family, with two sub variants, distinguished by antenna size and range capabilities: The MMR is capable of air surveillance, hostile weapon locating and fire guidance for the medium range.
The M-MMR is a scaled down MMR variant for Medium range threats.
The ELM-2311 is a C-band tactical C-RAM radar built for the battalion level. It is designed for a single vehicle platform, with a small operational crew.
The Radar is designed to operate in Artillery fire ranging and hostile weapons locating roles. [12]
The MF-STAR Radar is a naval implementation of The MMR, made up of four MMR modules mounted around a pyramid shaped mast. The radar provides full 360º coverage for air surveillance, hostile weapons locating and fire guidance capabilities naval platforms. The ELM-2248 is in service in the Israeli and Indian navies. The ELM-2248 is the fire control radar for the Barak 8 system.[ citation needed ]
The MF-STAR LB is a land based variant, consisted of a single rotating module. It is believed to work with a ground version of the Barak-8 Surface to Air missile system.[ citation needed ]
The IDF employs several variants of the MMR as an air defense and artillery detection radar, and Fire Control Radar for its air defense systems. Quantity unknown.
The Radar was declared operational in 2010 and is operated as the main Fire ranging component of the Israeli Artillery Corps' spotting battalion.
The ELM 2084 is an essential component in the Israeli Hostile Weapon Locating, Aerial Surveillance and Early Warning architecture – providing a constant coverage of the Israeli borders both In peacetime and in Israel's recent conflicts.
ELM 2084 Radars are used on the IDF's Iron Dome and David's Sling air defense systems as Fire Control Radars, with an advertised capability to process dozens of threats simultaneously. A notable success rate of 90 percent of over 1000 interceptions is reported for the Iron Dome system.
Azerbaijan has employed ELM-2084 since at least 2019. [13] [14]
Canada has purchased ten ELM-2084 Multi-Mission Radars. They are expected to enter operational service late 2020 with the designation AN/MPQ-504. [15]
The Czech Ministry of Defense is reported to have purchased 8 ELM 2084 Radars scheduled to be delivered by 2023, the first ELM-2084 MMR was delivered in April 2022. [16] After difficulties with the system and lack of delivered manuals for the system by ELTA it passed the army tests on 21 April 2023. [6] In May 2023 the 5 already delivered of the 8 ordered units should be accepted by the Czech Army and put into service.
Finland has purchased a "significant" number of ELM-2311 radars for mainly counter-battery use in 2019, with deliveries scheduled for 2021. They are to be used also for secondary air surveillance purposes. The radar system was tested in summer 2018, and was deemed the best of the systems which FDF had selected for the competition. [17] [18] [19]
On December 11, 2020 the Hungarian government announced [20] they have ordered multiple (5+6) [21] ELM-2084 radar systems from Israel Aerospace Industries with Rheinmetall's Canadian subsidiary providing sales and integration and Rheinmetall Canada also establishing assembly and future manufacturing as well as system development in Hungary. The unknown number of various M-MMR and F-MMR configuration are expected to start replacing Soviet-made but modernized P-37, PRV-17 and ST-68U locators from 2022, serving as both augmenting the RAT-31DL-based backbone of NATO airspace surveillance and Hungary's national air defense network, as well as providing state-of-the-art counter-battery capabilities for artillery regiments of the Hungarian Defence Forces. [22] [23]
India operates the MF-STAR naval radar, quantity unknown. [24]
ELM 2084 are used by the Singapore Armed Forces for air surveillance and air defense roles. Quantity unknown.
ELM 2311 are mounted on Bronco ATTC as the 'SAFARI' radar.
Acquired with SPYDER air-defense systems, sources claim that they are the EL/M-2084 MMR variant. Publicised pictures showed that there was at least one system was commissioned and operated. [25] [26] [27]
The Arrow or Hetz is a family of anti-ballistic missiles designed to fulfill an Israeli requirement for a missile defense system that would be more effective against ballistic missiles than the MIM-104 Patriot surface-to-air missile. Jointly funded and produced by Israel and the United States, development of the system began in 1986 and has continued since, drawing some contested criticism. Undertaken by the MALAM division of the Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and Boeing, it is overseen by the Israeli Ministry of Defense's "Homa" administration and the U.S. Missile Defense Agency. It forms the long-range layer of Israel's multi-tiered missile defence system, along with David's Sling and Iron Dome and Iron Beam [experimental].
Israel Aerospace Industries, is Israel's major aerospace and aviation manufacturer, producing aerial and astronautic systems for both military and civilian usage. It has 14,000 employees as of 2021. IAI is state-owned by the government of Israel.
A counter-battery radar or weapon tracking radar is a radar system that detects artillery projectiles fired by one or more guns, howitzers, mortars or rocket launchers and, from their trajectories, locates the position on the ground of the weapon that fired it. Such radars are a subclass of the wider class of target acquisition radars.
Rajendra is a passive electronically scanned array radar developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). This acts as the Fire-control radar for Akash weapon system. It is a multifunction radar, capable of surveillance, tracking and engaging low radar cross section targets. It is a ground surveillance radar and is a great source of surveillance operating at frequency around 20 GHz. It is mainly used to track enemy's installations.
Trophy is a protection system for military armored vehicles. It is termed an active protection system (APS) and is designed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems.
The F124 Sachsen class is the German Navy's latest class of air-defense frigates. The design of the hull is based on that of the F123 Brandenburg class but with enhanced stealth features designed to deceive an opponent's radar and acoustic sensors. The class incorporates an advanced multifunction radar APAR and a SMART-L long-range radar which is purported to be capable of detecting stealth aircraft and stealth missiles.
Skyshield air-defence system is a modular, light weight, short range air defense (SHORAD) system developed by the Swiss corporation Oerlikon Contraves. The successor to the Skyguard defense system, Skyshield is intended to rapidly acquire and destroy threatening aircraft and missiles, as well as to fulfill a C-RAM role.
A radar system has look-down/shoot-down capability if it can detect, track and guide a weapon to an air target that is silhouetted against the ground.
ELTA Systems Ltd (ELTA) is a leading Israeli defense technology company specializing in designing, developing, and producing advanced electronic systems and sensors. A group and subsidiary of the government-owned Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) offers an extensive product portfolio encompassing Radar, ELINT, COMINT, C4STAR, Electronic Warfare, Communications, Autonomous Ground vehicles and Cyber systems. The company's products are utilized by Defense forces, Homeland Security, and law enforcement organizations utilize the company's products worldwide.
ARTHUR is a counter-battery radar system originally developed jointly for and in close co-operation with the Norwegian and Swedish armed forces by Ericsson Microwave Systems in both Sweden and Norway. It is also used by the British Army, under the designation TAIPAN.
Counter rocket, artillery, and mortar, abbreviated C-RAM or counter-RAM, is a set of systems used to detect and/or destroy incoming rockets, artillery, and mortars before they hit their targets, or provide early warning.
The SPYDER is an Israeli short and medium range mobile air defence system developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems with assistance from Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). Rafael is the prime contractor and IAI is the major subcontractor for the SPYDER program. This system achieved a notable milestone in 2005 when missiles were fired against test targets in Shdema, Israel and scored direct hits. Since then, it has been showcased in multiple military exhibitions throughout the world.
Short range air defense (SHORAD) is a group of anti-aircraft weapons and tactics that have to do with defense against low-altitude air threats, primarily helicopters and low-flying aircraft such as the A-10 or Sukhoi Su-25. SHORAD and its complements, HIMAD and THAAD divide air defense of the battlespace into domes of responsibility based on altitude and defensive weapon ranges.
Electronics and Radar Development Establishment (LRDE) is a laboratory of the Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO), India. Located in C.V. Raman Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, its primary function is research and development of radars and related technologies. It was founded by S. P. Chakravarti, the father of Electronics and Telecommunication engineering in India, who also founded DLRL and DRDL.
Iron Dome is an Israeli mobile all-weather air defense system, developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and Israel Aerospace Industries. The system is designed to intercept and destroy short-range rockets and artillery shells fired from distances of 4 to 70 kilometres (2–43 mi) away and whose trajectory would take them to an Israeli populated area. From 2011 to 2021, the United States contributed a total of US$1.6 billion to the Iron Dome defense system, with another US$1 billion approved by the US Congress in 2022.
David's Sling, also formerly known as Magic Wand, is an Israel Defense Forces military system jointly developed by the Israeli defense contractor Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and the American defense contractor Raytheon, that became operational in 2017. It is designed to intercept enemy planes, drones, tactical ballistic missiles, medium to long-range rockets and cruise missiles, fired at ranges from 40 to 300 km. David's Sling is intended to replace the MIM-23 Hawk and MIM-104 Patriot in the Israeli arsenal.
The EL/M-2080 Green Pine is an Israeli ground-based missile defense radar produced by Elta Systems, a subsidiary of Israel Aerospace Industries, to operate mainly with the Arrow theater missile defense system of Israel, which is jointly funded and produced with the United States. The system was exported to India, and its advanced version, the Green Pine Block-B, was delivered to South Korea at a cost of $83 million per unit, and to Azerbaijan. The Israeli Air Defense Command within the Israeli Air Force (IAF) of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) operates both Green Pine radars and Green Pine Block-B radars as an integral part of the Arrow system.
Barak 8, also known as LR-SAM or MR-SAM, is an Indian-Israeli jointly developed surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, designed to defend against any type of airborne threat including aircraft, helicopters, anti-ship missiles, and UAVs as well as ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and combat jets. Both maritime and land-based variants of the system exist.
The EL/M-2248 MF-STAR is a GaN based multifunction active electronically scanned array naval radar system developed by IAI Elta for maritime installation on warships. It is capable of tracking both air and surface targets and providing fire control guidance. MF-STAR is an acronym of Multi-Function Surveillance, Track And Guidance Radar.
The Joint Ground-based Air Defence Command is a joint command of the Royal Netherlands Army, formed in 2012 after amalgamation of the Commando Luchtdoelartillerie of the Royal Netherlands Army and the Groep Geleide Wapens of the Royal Netherlands Air Force. The command is responsible for all ground-based air defence tasks and consists of both army and air force personnel. The DGLC employs an integrated layered air-defence approach featuring FIM-92 Stinger, NASAMS II and MIM-104 Patriot systems.