SPYDER

Last updated

SPYDER
SPYDER.jpg
A missile firing unit (MFU) of the SPYDER-SR system
Type Short and medium range air defence system
Place of originIsrael
Service history
Used bySee Operators
Wars
Production history
Designer Rafael Advanced Defense Systems
ManufacturerRafael Advanced Defense Systems
Produced2005–present
VariantsSPYDER-SR
SPYDER-MR, SPYDER LR (counter TBM)
Specifications (SPYDER-SR)
Mass105  kg (231  lb) (Python-5)
118 kg (260 lb) (Derby)
Length3.1  m (10  ft 2  in) (Python-5)
3.62 m (11 ft 11 in) (Derby)
Diameter160 mm (6.3 in) (both)
Wingspan640 mm (2 ft 1 in) (both)
Warhead11 kg (24 lb) (Python-5)
23 kg (51 lb) (Derby)
Detonation
mechanism
Active laser and electromagnetic proximity fuse with back-up impact fuse

Main
armament
×4 Python-5 or Derby missiles in any combination per MFU
Operational
range
Python-5: 20 km (12 mi)
Derby: 50 km (31 mi) [1]
Flight altitudePython-5: 9,000 m (30,000 ft)
Derby: 16,000 m (52,000 ft) [1]
Maximum speed Mach 4
Guidance
system
Infrared homing and electro-optical imaging (Python-5)
Active radar homing (Derby)
Launch
platform
Tatra 817 truck
Mercedes-Benz Actros truck
RMMV HX truck
MAN TGS truck
Scania P-series truck
Dongfeng truck
TELAR

The SPYDER ("Surface-to-air Python and Derby") is an Israeli short and medium range mobile air defence system developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems with assistance from Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). Rafael is the prime contractor and IAI is the major subcontractor for the SPYDER program. This system achieved a notable milestone in 2005 when missiles were fired against test targets in Shdema, Israel and scored direct hits. Since then, it has been showcased in multiple military exhibitions throughout the world.

Contents

The SPYDER is a low-level, quick-reaction surface-to-air missile system capable of engaging aircraft, helicopters, unmanned air vehicles, drones, cruise missiles and precision-guided munitions. It provides air defence for fixed assets and for point and area defence for mobile forces in combat areas. The system is fitted atop a Tatra truck, a Mercedes-Benz Actros truck, a MAN TGS truck, Scania P-series truck, Dongfeng truck, or a TELAR. It implements the Python-5 and Derby missiles of the same company. The SPYDER launcher is designed to fire Python-5 and Derby surface-to-air missiles which share full commonality with the air-to-air missiles. There are two variants of the SPYDER: the SPYDER-SR (short range) and the SPYDER-MR (medium range). Both systems are quick reaction, all weather, network-centric, multi-launchers, and self-propelled. A typical battery consists one central command and control unit, six missile firing units, and a resupply vehicle. The SPYDER-SR uses the EL/M-2106 ATAR radar while the SPYDER-MR incorporates the EL/M-2084 MMR radar. The latter is the same radar used by the Iron Dome system currently in service with the Israel Defense Forces.

Current operators of the SPYDER missiles system include India and Singapore. Peru's order for the SPYDER was pending as of 2012. There are reports that claim that Georgia operated the SPYDER-SR during the 2008 Russo-Georgian War but these allegations and assumptions have never been verified.

Development

In 2005, a milestone for the SPYDER air defence system was achieved. The SPYDER successfully fired the Python 5 and Derby in a test range located in Shdema, Israel. The results were two direct kills against a couple of targets. At the trial, the radar and command and control unit engaged the targets at long and short ranges. The trial was part of a greater series of missile firings. [2]

Description

Command and control

EL/M-2106 ATAR

The Elta EL/M-2106 Advanced Tactical Acquisition Radar (ATAR) 3D Active electronically scanned array (AESA) surveillance radar is the Command and Control Unit (CCU) for the SPYDER-SR. This radar can track and engage multiple targets simultaneously and can control the missile firing units at a distance of up to 10 km away from the CCU. [3] The E/LM-2106 ATAR is a fourth generation defence radar designed by Elta and operates in the L-band wavelength. It is a field proven design that has operated in undesirable environments according to the designers and manufacturers. The range of detection for a fighter aircraft is 70–110 km. It can detect hovering helicopters at a range of 40 km and UAVs at 40–60 km. [4]

EL/M-2084 MMR

An EL/M-2084 multi-mission radar besides a SPYDER-MR MFU of Vietnam. SPYDER-MR MFU alongside ELM-2084 of Vietnam.png
An EL/M-2084 multi-mission radar besides a SPYDER-MR MFU of Vietnam.

The radar sensor unit of the SPYDER-MR comprises the EL/M-2084 Multi Mission Radar (MMR) 3D AESA radar. The EL/M-2084 operates in the S-band. It can process up to 1200 targets when in air surveillance mode and also detects targets located 250 km away. When the radar is static, it covers 120° in the azimuth. [5]

Surface-to-air missiles

Ranges of Interception

As a short range air defence system, the SPYDER-SR has a short range of interception. The maximum altitude of interception is 9 km and the maximum range of interception is 15 km. [3] The SPYDER-MR has a greater operation range of 35 km and an altitude engagement of 16 km due to the missiles being equipped with boosters. [6] [a]

Python-5

The Python-5 is currently the most capable air-to-air missile (AAM) in Israel's inventory and one of the most advanced AAMs in the world. It is capable of "lock-on after launch" (LOAL), and has all-aspect/all-direction (including rearward) attack ability. The missile features an advanced electro-optical infrared homing (with imaging infrared) seeker which scans the target area for hostile aircraft, then locks-on for terminal chase. [8]

Derby

The Derby is an active radar homing AAM that provides the SPYDER missile system with a fire-and-forget option due to its active radar guidance. [9]

  • Length: 362 cm
  • Span: 64 cm
  • Diameter: 16 cm
  • Weight: 118 kg
  • Guidance: Active radar homing
  • Warhead: 23 kg
  • Speed: Mach 4

In January 2023, Rafael announced that they had upgraded the Spyder to be able to counter tactical ballistic missiles by performing hardware and software upgrades to the Derby LR missile interceptor. [10]

Variants

Spyder missile system.jpg
The inclined, rotatable launcher used by the SPYDER-SR and SPYDER-ER variants
SPYDER-MR MFU of Vietnam.png
The vertical, non-rotatable launcher of the booster-featured SPYDER-MR and SPYDER-LR

SPYDER-SR and SPYDER-ER 360° slant launching missile systems provide quick reaction, lock-on-before-launch (LOBL) and lock-on-after launch (LOAL) capabilities, while extending the range of defense to up to a 40 km radius. [11]

SPYDER-MR and SPYDER-LR offer medium & long range target interception through vertical launch while pushing the defense envelope up to an 80 km radius. [11]

Both systems enable a 360° launch within seconds of the target being declared hostile ‒ and provide all-weather, multi-launch, and net-centric capabilities. [11]

The SPYDER systems have advanced ECCM capabilities and use electro-optical observation payloads as well as wireless data link communication. [11]

Operational use

Operators

Map with SPYDER operators in blue SPYDER operators.png
Map with SPYDER operators in blue

Current operators

Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic
Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia
Flag of India.svg  India
SPYDER quick reaction air defence system of Indian Air Force firing a Derby missile IAF SPYDER.jpg
SPYDER quick reaction air defence system of Indian Air Force firing a Derby missile
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco

Possible operator

Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania

See also

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References

Notes

  1. The official brochure of the SPYDER missile system by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems contradicts the figures for the interception range for both the SPYDER-SR and SPYDER-MR. The brochure mentions that the interception range of the SPYDER-SR is 20 km instead of the 15 km and 50 km instead of 35 km for the SPYDER-MR. [7]

Citations

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