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Over the centuries, due to technological and economic change, Luton's economy has changed and developed to keep pace with the rest of the UK. Major industries that are related to Luton include Brickmaking, Millinery or Hat making, Automobile production and its airport, London Luton Airport.
Luton has a long history of automotive manufacturing. Many firms have used Luton as a base for production including Commer, Marcos Engineering and General Motors.
Vauxhall came to Luton in 1905, just two years after the company had started to make cars. [1] The company was taken over by GM in 1925 but continued to develop and build its own vehicles in Luton. In 1931 the truck and bus arm Bedford was created, the first Bedford vehicles were reworked Chevrolet vehicles but Bedford soon became a unique marque in its own right. During the Second World War, Vauxhall became a major supplier of lorries and also produced the Churchill Tank which were tested in the grounds of nearby Luton Hoo. The lake at Wardown Park was even used for testing vehicles to be used on D-Day.
During the 1960s the factory in Luton employed 37,000 people but from the end of the 1960s production and employment in the town was reduced, due to advances in production methods, as well as the opening of a second Vauxhall factory at Ellesmere Port in Cheshire, and the fact that General Motors was importing Vauxhall-badged cars from its West German Opel factories from them in the 1970s, as well as a new factory in Spain from 1982, as part of the integration of its Vauxhall and Opel ranges.
In 2000 the company announced that car production would end and the factory finally closed in March 2002, leaving the Ellesmere Port plant in Cheshire as the company's only remaining car plant in Britain; the remaining Vauxhall-badged models are imported from Opel factories in the rest of Europe. IBC Vehicles still has a factory in the town, producing the Vauxhall Vivaro, Peugeot Expert and Citroen Jumpy vans. [2]
According to the Luton Borough Council, [3] the principal employers in the town are:
| # | Employer | # of Employees |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Luton Borough Council | 8,000+ |
| 2 | Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust | 4,000+ |
| 3 | Aircraft Service International Group | 1,000–1,999 |
| 3 | Carlisle Security Services | 1,000–1,999 |
| 5 | EasyJet | 1,000–1,999 |
| 6 | Menzies Aviation | 1,000–1,999 |
| 7 | Randstad | 1,000–1,999 |
| 8 | TUI | 1,000–1,999 |
| 9 | University of Bedfordshire | 1,000–1,999 |
This table shows regional gross value added of Luton at current basic prices published [4] with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.
| Year | Regional Gross Value Added [note 1] | Agriculture [note 2] | Industry [note 3] | Services [note 4] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 2,067 | 1 | 902 | 1,165 |
| 2000 | 2,614 | 1 | 850 | 1,763 |
| 2003 | 3,090 | 1 | 811 | 2,278 |
Notes
Opel Automobile GmbH, usually shortened to Opel, is a German automobile manufacturer which has been a subsidiary of Stellantis since 16 January 2021. It was owned by the American automaker General Motors from 1929 until 2017 and the PSA Group, a predecessor of Stellantis, from 2017 until 2021. Most of the Opel lineup is marketed under the Vauxhall Motors brand in the United Kingdom since the 1980s. Some Opel vehicles were badge-engineered in Australia under the Holden brand until 2020, in North America and China under the Buick, Saturn, and Cadillac brands, and in South America under the Chevrolet brand.
Luton is a town and unitary authority with borough status, in Bedfordshire, England. The 2021 census gives the population of the Borough of Luton as 225,262 and the population of the Luton/Dunstable urban area as 286,450.
Vauxhall Motors Limited is a British car company headquartered in Chalton, Bedfordshire, England. Vauxhall became a subsidiary of Stellantis in January 2021.
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