Tehran is the capital city and the main economic centre of Iran. [1] Tehran's present-day modern industries include the manufacturing of automobiles, electronics and electrical equipment, weaponry, textiles, sugar, cement, and chemical products. It is also a leading center for the sale of carpets and furniture. [2] The oil refining companies of Pars Oil, Speedy, and Behran are based in Tehran. Tehran hosts 45% of Iran's industries. [3]
Few foreign companies operate in Tehran, due to the government's complex international relations. But prior to the 1979 Revolution, many foreign companies were active in Iran. [4]
At the end of the twentieth century, more than one-third of all jobs in Tehran were related to social and personal services, also about one-fifth were in manufacturing and about one-sixth were in sales. construction, Transport and financial services each employed fewer workforce. Overall, services account for almost two-thirds of the workforce, Also fewer people employed in industrial activities and a negligible amount employed in agriculture. [1]
Manufacturing industries include metal machinery and equipment, textiles, chemicals, wood, mining, paper and basic metals. [1]
Design, manufacturing, distribution, marketing, retail, advertising and other sectors of the fashion industry in Tehran have been able to grow significantly according to the needs of the country. In particular, a large number of male and female models are working in Tehran's fashion advertising and promotion sections. Despite the lack of adequate laws to support models, payments to female models have been considered high. Also, modeling of children is usually prohibited in Tehran. Clothing manufacturers are closely related to other fashion sectors in Tehran. For example, the manufacturers of women's boots and bodysuits have strengthened their exports and branding in other countries by using this connection. [5]
The country's economy is heavily dependent on oil and headquarters of one of the world's largest oil companies NIOC is located in Tehran. [6]
Tehran is one of Iran's leading tourism destinations, [8] [9] and the city is home to an array of famous tourist attractions. In 2016, Tehran received 1.64 million foreign tourists. [10] There are several artistic, historic and scientific museums in Tehran, including the National Museum of Iran, and the Carpet Museum.
There is also the Museum of Contemporary Art, which hosts works of artists such as Andy Warhol, Pablo Picasso and Van Gogh. [11]
The Iranian Imperial Crown Jewels, are also on display at Tehran's National Jewelry Museum. A number of cultural and trade exhibitions take place in Tehran and many of them are popular events for tourism. Tehran International Book Fair is known to the international publishing world as one of the most important publishing events in Asia. Also, There are many parks and open spaces in the Tehran area. Access to Tehran is provided by Imam Khomeini and Mehrabad airports. [12] Also Tehran offers many forms of public transportation: Tehran Metro, a bus rapid transit system, trolleybuses, and a large network of highways with taxis. Also, There are high-end restaurants and street food on the many streets.
Tehran is home to many international and regional TV and radio stations. The public broadcaster IRIB has its headquarters in Tehran. Also Tehran has Iran's largest number of daily newspapers. The headquarters of most of Iran's global media is located in Tehran.
Tehran creative arts sector comprises advertising, architecture, art, design, fashion, film, music, performing arts, publishing, software, TV, radio, and video games. Tehran is main center for Persian language film industry. The city is also home of the Fajr International Film Festival and the Shahr International Film Festival. [13]
Tehran is the most prolific centers of higher education and research in the Middle East. The oldest modern university of the city, University of Tehran was established in 1934 and it is one of the most prestigious universities in Asia. [14] [15]
Prior to the 1979 Revolution, there were many foreign companies and employees in Iran. Companies of Tehran were also more international activities. After the 1979 Revolution, workers, employees, and foreign companies left Iran. With Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, The economic situation of Tehran's companies has improved. [16]
The National Iranian Oil Company is a government-owned national oil and natural gas producer and distributor under the direction of the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran. NIOC was established in 1948 and restructured under The Consortium Agreement of 1954. NIOC ranks as the world's second largest oil company, after Saudi Arabia's state-owned Aramco.
Iranian rock refers to rock music produced by Iranian artists. Rock music has been popular in Iran since 1960s, with the emergence of singers such as Kourosh Yaghmaei, Farhad Mehrad, Fereydoon Foroughi and Habib Mohebian, but was largely forgotten after the Iranian Revolution. Like most rock styles, electric guitar and bass guitar and drums are the main instruments in this type of music. In some groups, keyboard and piano are very important.
Proven oil reserves in Iran, according to its government, rank fourth largest in the world at approximately as of 2013, although it ranks third if Canadian reserves of unconventional oil are excluded. This is roughly 10% of the world's total proven petroleum reserves. At 2020 rates of production, Iran's oil reserves would last 145 years if no new oil was found.
Naft Tehran Football Club is an Iranian football club based in Tehran, Iran. They competed in the Persian Gulf Pro League. They were owned by the National Iranian Oil Company previously. Naft Tehran was founded in 1950 and played in the Takhti Stadium until 2018.
Sahar Dolatshahi is an Iranian actress. She is best known for her role in Ice Age (2015), Istanbul Junction (2018), The Frog (2020–2021) and I Want to Live (2021). She has received various accolades, including two Crystal Simorghs and an Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Award.
Reza Aliari is an Iranian football defender, who plays for Saipa in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
Elham Fakhari is a psychologist, Politician, writer, painter, poet, member of the Central Council of the National Trust Party, and a former member of the City Council of Tehran, Ray, and Tajrish.
The 2018–2019 Iranian general strikesand protests were a series of strikes and protests that took place across Iran from early 2018 until mid-2019 against the country's economic situation, as well as the Iranian government, as part of the wider Iranian Democracy Movement.
Sanam Pasha is an Iranian songwriter, vocalist and vocal coach in rock and metal music. As a child, she learned Persian folk music and later went on to learn classical piano, vocals, and solfeggio. She also has an online Masters's certificate in Songwriting and Vocals from the Berklee College of Music. She founded Sanam Pasha, an all-female rock band, in 2012.
Tehran is one of Iran's leading tourism destinations, and the city is home to an array of famous tourist attractions. In 2016, Tehran received 1.64 million foreign tourists. There are several artistic, historic and scientific museums in Tehran, including the National Museum of Iran, and the Carpet Museum. There is also the Museum of Contemporary Art, which hosts works of artists such as Andy Warhol, Pablo Picasso and Van Gogh.
The Tehran International Auto Show is an annual auto show that takes place at Shahr-e- Aftab International Exhibition Center, Tehran, Iran. The show attracts many major car manufactures, luxury-tuning companies and other related companies, including super car manufacturers.
Laleh-Zar street is one of the oldest streets of Tehran, Iran. This street is bordered to the south by Imam Khomeini square, and to the north by Enqelab Street.
Salim Neisari was an Iranian Professor of Persian literature and a permanent member of Academy of Persian Language and Literature. He was born on 12 December 1920 in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Azerbaijan (Iran), Iran and died on 12 January 2019 in Paris, France. He authored the first books on teaching Persian to non-Persian speakers.
The several branches of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran are represented by flags. Within the Iranian military, various flags fly on various occasions, and on various ships, bases, camps, and military academies.
Rasul Jafarian is an Iranian clergyman and researcher in field of Iranian history. He is currently the Professor of the Department of History at the University of Tehran, the Director of The specialized library on Islam and Iran, and the Director of the Central Library of the University of Tehran. Rasul Jafarian became a permanent member of the Academy of Sciences of Iran in June 2018 with the vote of the members of the General Assembly of the Academy of Sciences.
Payam Ghobadi Oughaz is Iranian-born Azerbaijani taekwondo practitioner who currently plays for the Azerbaijani national taekwondo team.
Shahin Farhat is an Iranian musician, composer and music teacher. As one of the most famous composers of classical music in Iran, he has created numerous works based on common forms in Western music, such as: symphony, concerto, suite, cantata, prelude, fugue, symphonic poem, rhapsody and other traditional methods, which often add space. Romantic music is near and at the same time it has not been without the influence of Iranian music. About twenty symphonies of his works have been recorded and published so far, which is the most numerous among the works of Iranian composers, which is why he is referred to as the "Father of the Iranian Symphony".
Mina Jafari is an Iranian chorister. She began her work with Tehran Symphony Orchestra and went on to be part of several important choirs like National Orchestra Choir and Damour Vocal Band led by Faraz Khosravi Danesh. Her work as a female singer in Iran was groundbreaking at the time, she and her choir performed in national TV which was dubbed "breaking yet another taboo" by the media because women are not allowed to sing in Islam. Her performance made way for more female choirs to perform in national TV.
Roshanak Saberan is a member of the national kickboxing team of the Islamic Republic of Iran.