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Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) was a nuclear fusion experiment, testing a spherical tokamak nuclear fusion reactor, and commissioned by EURATOM/UKAEA. The original MAST experiment took place at the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Oxfordshire, England from December 1999 to September 2013. A successor experiment called MAST Upgrade began operation in 2020.
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Low to High Confinement Mode Transition, more commonly referred to as L-H transition, is a phenomenon in the fields of plasma physics and magnetic confinement fusion, signifying the transition from less efficient plasma confinement to highly efficient modes. The L-H transition, a milestone in the development of nuclear fusion, enables the confinement of high-temperature plasmas. The transition is dependent on many factors such as density, magnetic field strength, heating method, plasma fueling, and edge plasma control, and is made possible through mechanisms such as edge turbulence, E×B shear, edge electric field, and edge current and plasma flow. Researchers studying this field use tools such as Electron Cyclotron Emission, Thomson Scattering, magnetic diagnostics, and Langmuir probes to gauge the PLH and seek to lower this value. This confinement is a necessary condition for sustaining the fusion reactions, which involve the combination of atomic nuclei, leading to the release of vast amounts of energy.
References
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- ↑ Halpern, F D; Leblond, D; Lütjens, H; Luciani, J-F (2010-11-30). "Oscillation regimes of the internal kink mode in tokamak plasmas". Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. 53 (1): 015011. doi:10.1088/0741-3335/53/1/015011. ISSN 0741-3335. S2CID 122868427.
- 1 2 Choi, Charles Q. (20 October 2022). "Controlled chaos may be the key to unlimited clean energy". Inverse. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
- ↑ Lee, Chris (13 September 2018). "A third dimension helps Tokamak fusion reactor avoid wall-destroying instability". Ars Technica . Retrieved 2018-09-17.
- ↑ Leonard, A.W. (11 September 2014). "Edge-localized modes in tokamaks". Physics of Plasmas . 21 (9): 090501. Bibcode:2014PhPl...21i0501L. doi:10.1063/1.4894742. OSTI 1352343.
- ↑ T.E. Evans; et al. (2008). "RMP ELM suppression in DIII-D plasmas with ITER similar shapes and collisionalities". Nucl. Fusion . 92 (48): 024002. Bibcode:2008NucFu..48b4002E. doi:10.1088/0029-5515/48/2/024002. hdl: 11858/00-001M-0000-0026-FFB5-4 . S2CID 54039023.
- 1 2 Harrer, G. F.; Faitsch, M.; Radovanovic, L.; Wolfrum, E.; Albert, C.; Cathey, A.; Cavedon, M.; Dunne, M.; Eich, T.; Fischer, R.; Griener, M.; Hoelzl, M.; Labit, B.; Meyer, H.; Aumayr, F. (2022-10-10). "Quasicontinuous Exhaust Scenario for a Fusion Reactor: The Renaissance of Small Edge Localized Modes". Physical Review Letters. 129 (16): 165001. arXiv: 2110.12664 . Bibcode:2022PhRvL.129p5001H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.165001. PMID 36306746. S2CID 239768831.
- ↑ "Fusion-reactor instabilities can be optimized by adjusting plasma density and magnetic fields". Physics World. Nov 4, 2022.
- ↑ T.E. Evans; et al. (2004). "Suppression of Large Edge-Localized Modes in High-Confinement DIII-D Plasmas with a Stochastic Magnetic Boundary". Physical Review Letters . 92 (23): 235003. Bibcode:2004PhRvL..92w5003E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.235003. PMID 15245164.
- ↑ Kwon, Eunhee (2011-11-10). "KSTAR announces successful ELM suppression" . Retrieved 2011-12-11.
- ↑ Park, Jong-Kyu; Jeon, YoungMu; In, Yongkyoon; Ahn, Joon-Wook; Nazikian, Raffi; Park, Gunyoung; Kim, Jaehyun; Lee, HyungHo; Ko, WonHa; Kim, Hyun-Seok; Logan, Nikolas C.; Wang, Zhirui; Feibush, Eliot A.; Menard, Jonathan E.; Zarnstroff, Michael C. (2018-09-10). "3D field phase-space control in tokamak plasmas". Nature Physics . 14 (12): 1223–1228. Bibcode:2018NatPh..14.1223P. doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0268-8. ISSN 1745-2473. OSTI 1485109. S2CID 125338335.
- ↑ Orain, François; Bécoulet, M; Morales, J; Huijsmans, G T A; Dif-Pradalier, G; Hoelzl, M; Garbet, X; Pamela, S; Nardon, E (2014-11-28). "Non-linear MHD modeling of edge localized mode cycles and mitigation by resonant magnetic perturbations" (PDF). Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion . 57 (1): 014020. doi:10.1088/0741-3335/57/1/014020. ISSN 0741-3335. S2CID 44243673.