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Edward Dutton | |
---|---|
Born | Edward Croft Dutton 1980 London, England |
Citizenship | British |
Occupation | Author |
Children | 2 |
Academic background | |
Education | College of St Hild and St Bede, Durham (B.A., 2002) University of Aberdeen (Ph.D., 2005) |
Website | https://edwarddutton.com |
Edward Croft Dutton (born 1980) is a British academic. [1] He has written controversial racialist articles for fringe far-right journals such as Mankind Quarterly and OpenPsych . [2] [3]
Dutton has a degree in Theology from Durham University and a PhD in Religious Studies from the University of Aberdeen. [4]
As of 2012, Dutton was a religious anthropologist employed as a teacher at the University of Oulu in Finland and was also reported to be a freelance editor. [5] By 2016, he was a Docent in anthropology at the same university and had a Finnish wife and two children. [6] [7] In September 2016, Oulu University started an investigation into an article by Dutton and Richard Lynn, "A negative Flynn effect in Finland, 1997–2009", published in Intelligence in 2013. [8] In an announcement made by the university in June 2017, Dutton was found to have conducted scientific misconduct due to plagiarism. [9] The article discussed IQ tests done on Finnish conscripts, and a table of the IQ test results had been compiled by a student for a master's thesis which was not attributed. Dutton stated in his response that the master's thesis was attributed in his original version but that Lynn had removed the attribution. Although Lynn took responsibility for the incident, the university did not investigate Lynn's part because he had never been associated with the institution. [10] Dutton was not employed by the university at the time of the incident either, but the university investigated it due to its name being used in the study. The university informed Lynn's affiliates about the conclusion and asked Intelligence to issue a correction. [9]
In 2018, Dutton published a study of the personal life of the controversial Canadian psychologist J. Philippe Rushton, analysing an autobiographical manuscript written by Rushton and speaking to dozens of people who had known him. He said of this "I was… instinctively sympathetic to him in a way that a lot of his critics aren’t… I was rather less sure he was wrong." [11]
Dutton was previously editor-in-chief of the pseudoscientific [12] [13] racist [14] [15] [16] [17] journal Mankind Quarterly . [18] As of 2021, he was a member of its Advisory Board. [19] Some of the books Dutton has authored have been published by Washington Summit Publishers operated by neo-Nazi Richard B. Spencer. [3] [20] [21] He is currently listed as an editor of the Radix Journal , which was also founded by Spencer. [22]
In May 2021, Dutton was reported to be teaching evolutionary psychology at Asbiro University in Poland, [23] a privately-run business school in Łódź, Poland. [21]
Dutton operates a Youtube channel called "Prof. Edward Dutton: The Jolly Heretic." [24]
Dutton has published work on human intelligence, such as a study he co-authored with Richard Lynn in 2014 which claimed that physical scientists are more intelligent than social scientists. [25] [26] He has co-written a paper with Jan te Nijenhuis about the average IQ in Finland, and the apparent discrepancy between Finland's high average IQ and its relative lack of Nobel Prize-winning scientists. [27] [28]
Dutton wrote in 2014 "… my research finds that it is not only fervent religiousness that is associated with low intelligence, but any fervent advocacy of an ideology - whether it is Marxism, multiculturalism, or conservative nationalism. Indeed, I would argue that ideologies are, in many ways, replacement religions." [29]
In December 2017, an article by Dutton in Evolutionary Psychological Science, "The Mutant Says in His Heart, There Is No God" concluded that academics are overwhelmingly atheist, but that atheists are genetic mutants, most of whom would not have been born if the world had not broken free of pre-industrial conditions of Darwinian selection. It also found that atheists are more likely to be left handed than others. [30]
Dutton's 2018 book At Our Wits' End, coauthored with Michael Woodley, was reviewed by Egyptology student Julien Delhez for the journal Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences in 2020. Delhez described the book's strengths as "its accessibility to the general public and the amount of evidence provided by the authors for a decline in g.h. [heritable general intelligence]". [31]
Dutton wrote a paper in defense of Kevin MacDonald's Culture of Critique series, which claims that Jewish people are biologically ethnocentric to the detriment of other groups. The work was published in the journal Evolutionary Psychological Science in 2018. [32] The article was defended by the journal's editor, Todd K. Shackelford, as a good fit because it was "risky", while board member Steven Pinker criticized the journal's decisions to publish the paper. Pinker said it contributed nothing new, and was unsupported by evolutionary psychology while also repeating old antisemitic canards. [33]
In 2018, Dutton has attended the London Conference on Intelligence, which is associated with eugenics, [33] [34] and was one of fifteen attendees who contributed to a defense of the conference published in Intelligence in response to media coverage of the event. [35]
In 2019, Dutton gave a speech for the white nationalist group Patriotic Alternative operated by neo-Nazi Mark Collett. [20] Dutton has appeared as a guest on the white nationalist [36] podcast Red Ice. [37] [38] In November 2019, Dutton spoke at the far-right Scandza Forum, in Oslo. [39] [40]
On 19 October 2019, Dutton addressed the annual conference of the far-right Traditional Britain Group, where he argued that British inventions and genius placed them at the apex of civilisation. [41] [ non-primary source needed ]
Dutton has lectured in favor of ideas about race and intelligence, such as his belief that people with "blonde hair and blues eyes" have higher intelligence, according to his theories in his book How to Judge People by What They Look Like. According to Aidan Bridgeman, a University of Aberdeen student writing in the Gaudie , Dutton has stated that Black Lives Matter advocates are mentally ill, that Muslims have a natural tendency to want to commit genocide, and that left-handed people are pedophiles. [3]
Dutton is distantly related to Sir Piers Dutton, about whom he wrote a biographical book entitled The Ruler of Cheshire: Sir Piers Dutton, Tudor Gangland and the Violent Politics of the Palatine. [7] A British citizen, in 2017 he was living in Oulu, Finland, and was married to a Finnish woman with whom he had two children. [6]
Dutton has written 16 books, [42] as well as chapters in books The Routledge Companion to Religion and Popular Culture [43] and the Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. [44]
Books
Selected journal articles
Arthur Robert Jensen was an American psychologist and writer. He was a professor of educational psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. Jensen was known for his work in psychometrics and differential psychology, the study of how and why individuals differ behaviorally from one another.
The Flynn effect is the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts of the world over the 20th century. When intelligence quotient (IQ) tests are initially standardized using a sample of test-takers, by convention the average of the test results is set to 100 and their standard deviation is set to 15 or 16 IQ points. When IQ tests are revised, they are again standardized using a new sample of test-takers, usually born more recently than the first. Again, the average result is set to 100. However, when the new test subjects take the older tests, in almost every case their average scores are significantly above 100.
John Philippe Rushton was a Canadian psychologist and author. He taught at the University of Western Ontario until the early 1990s, and became known to the general public during the 1980s and 1990s for research on race and intelligence, race and crime, and other purported racial correlations.
Discussions of race and intelligence – specifically, claims of differences in intelligence along racial lines – have appeared in both popular science and academic research since the modern concept of race was first introduced. With the inception of IQ testing in the early 20th century, differences in average test performance between racial groups were observed, though these differences have fluctuated and in many cases steadily decreased over time. Further complicating the issue, modern science has shown race to be a social construct rather than a biological reality, and intelligence has no undisputed definition. The validity of IQ testing as a metric for human intelligence is itself disputed. Today, the scientific consensus is that genetics does not explain differences in IQ test performance between groups, and that observed differences are therefore environmental in origin.
Richard Lynn is a controversial English psychologist and author. He is a former professor emeritus of psychology at Ulster University, having had the title withdrawn by the university in 2018. He is former assistant editor and current editor-in-chief of the journal Mankind Quarterly, which has been described as a white supremacist journal and purveyor of scientific racism. Lynn studies intelligence and is known for his belief in sexual and racial differences in intelligence. Lynn was educated at King's College, Cambridge, in England. He has worked as lecturer in psychology at the University of Exeter and as professor of psychology at the Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, and at the University of Ulster at Coleraine.
Spearman's hypothesis has two formulations. The original formulation was that the magnitudes of the black-white differences on tests of cognitive ability positively correlate with the tests' g-loading. The subsequent formulation was that the magnitude of the black-white difference on tests of cognitive ability is entirely or mainly a function of the extent to which a test measures general mental ability, or g.
The study of religiosity and intelligence explores the link between religiosity and intelligence or educational level. Religiosity and intelligence are both complex topics that include diverse variables, and the interactions among those variables are not always well understood. For instance, intelligence is often defined differently by different researchers; also, all scores from intelligence tests are only estimates of intelligence, because one cannot achieve concrete measurements of intelligence due to the concept’s abstract nature. Religiosity is also complex, in that it involves wide variations of interactions of religious beliefs, practices, behaviors, and affiliations, across a diverse array of cultures.
Linda Susanne Gottfredson is an American psychologist and writer. She is professor emeritus of educational psychology at the University of Delaware and co-director of the Delaware-Johns Hopkins Project for the Study of Intelligence and Society. She is best known for writing the 1994 letter "Mainstream Science on Intelligence", which was published in the Wall Street Journal in defense of Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray's controversial book The Bell Curve (1994).
Tatu Vanhanen was a Finnish political scientist, sociologist, and writer. He was a professor of political science at the University of Tampere in Tampere, Finland. Vanhanen was a coauthor with Richard Lynn of IQ and the Wealth of Nations (2002) and IQ and Global Inequality (2006), and author of Ethnic Conflicts Explained by Ethnic Nepotism (1999) and many other works.
Race Differences in Intelligence: An Evolutionary Analysis is a 2006 book by controversial race and intelligence writer Richard Lynn reviewing selected literature on IQ testing and arguing for in part genetic racial differences and with a discussion on the causes and consequences.
Race, Evolution, and Behavior: A Life History Perspective is a book by Canadian psychologist and author J. Philippe Rushton. Rushton was a professor of psychology at the University of Western Ontario for many years, and the head of the controversial Pioneer Fund. The first unabridged edition of the book came out in 1995, and the third, latest unabridged edition came out in 2000; abridged versions were also distributed.
"Mainstream Science on Intelligence" was a public statement issued by a group of researchers of topics associated with intelligence testing. It was published originally in The Wall Street Journal on December 13, 1994, as a response to criticism of the book The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, which appeared earlier the same year. The statement defended Herrnstein and Murray's controversial claims about race and intelligence.
Satoshi Kanazawa is an American-born British evolutionary psychologist and writer. He is currently Reader in Management at the London School of Economics. Kanazawa's comments and research on race and intelligence, health and intelligence, multiculturalism, and the relationship between physical attractiveness and intelligence have led to condemnation from observers and colleagues. He attributes this to political correctness and censorship, while his critics have described his claims as pseudoscientific and racist.
IQ and Global Inequality is a 2006 book by psychologist Richard Lynn and political scientist Tatu Vanhanen. IQ and Global Inequality is follow-up to their 2002 book IQ and the Wealth of Nations, an expansion of the argument that international differences in current economic development are due in part to differences in average national intelligence as indicated by national IQ estimates, and a response to critics. The book was published by Washington Summit Publishers, a white nationalist and eugenicist publishing group.
The history of the race and intelligence controversy concerns the historical development of a debate about possible explanations of group differences encountered in the study of race and intelligence. Since the beginning of IQ testing around the time of World War I, there have been observed differences between the average scores of different population groups, and there have been debates over whether this is mainly due to environmental and cultural factors, or mainly due to some as yet undiscovered genetic factor, or whether such a dichotomy between environmental and genetic factors is the appropriate framing of the debate. Today, the scientific consensus is that genetics does not explain differences in IQ test performance between racial groups.
The relationship between nations and IQ is a controversial area of study concerning differences between nations in average intelligence test scores, their possible causes, and their correlation with measures of social well-being and economic prosperity.
Heiner Rindermann is a German psychologist and educational researcher.
Gerhard Meisenberg is a German biochemist. As of 2018, he was a professor of physiology and biochemistry at Ross University School of Medicine in Dominica. He is a director, with Richard Lynn, of the Pioneer Fund, which has been described as a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center. He was, until 2018 or 2019, the editor-in-chief of Mankind Quarterly, which the SPLC has described as a "racist journal".
Aurelio José Figueredo is an American evolutionary psychologist. He is a Professor of Psychology, Family Studies and Human Development at the University of Arizona, where he is also the director of the Ethology and Evolutionary Psychology Laboratory. He is also a member of the interdisciplinary Center for Insect Science at the University of Arizona. His major areas of research interest are the evolutionary psychology and behavioral development of life history strategy, cognition, sex, and violence in human and nonhuman animals, and the quantitative ethology and social development of insects, birds, and primates. He is known for his research on personality, such as a 1997 study in which he and James E. King developed the Chimpanzee Personality Questionnaire to measure the Big Five personality traits in chimpanzees.
Noah Carl is a British sociologist and intelligence researcher. He was investigated and subsequently dismissed from his position as a Toby Jackman Newton Trust Research Fellow at St Edmund's College, Cambridge after over 500 academics signed a letter repudiating his research and public stance on race and intelligence, calling it "ethically suspect and methodologically flawed", and stating their concern that "racist pseudoscience is being legitimised through association with the University of Cambridge." An investigation by the college concluded that Carl's work was "poor scholarship" which violated standards of academic integrity, and that Carl had collaborated with right-wing extremists. Some newspaper columnists criticised the decision to dismiss Carl as an attack on academic freedom. Others questioned whether St Edmund's had failed to properly vet him before he was hired in the first place.
Since its formation, this forum has brought together a variety of American Alt-Right figures - for example, white nationalist intellectual leaders such as Greg Johnson (Counter-Currents co-founder), Jared Taylor (founder of American Renaissance ) and retired social psychologist Kevin MacDonald - as well as European HBD researchers such as the English academic (Ph.D. in Theology) Vlogger Edward Dutton and the Danish academic Helmuth Nyborg, Croatian-American pro-white identity writer Tomislav Sunic, and Scottish vlogger Colin Robertson (aka Millennial Woes), or political activists like Mark Collett, a former British National Party figure and 2019 founder of Patriotic Alternative, who became a leading white nationalist activist group in Britain.
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