Edward Zellem

Last updated
Edward Zellem
OccupationAuthor, US Navy Captain, social entrepreneur
Known forAward-winning author of 3 books of Afghan Proverbs and Sayings in 15 languages

Edward Zellem is a retired U.S. Navy captain and the 12-time award-winning author of 5 books. He is known for his work inside Afghanistan's Presidential Palace [1] and for authoring three bilingual collections of Afghan Proverbs: Zarbul Masalha: 151 Afghan Dari Proverbs, a book for children entitled Afghan Proverbs Illustrated, and a companion book of Pashto proverbs entitled Mataluna: 151 Afghan Pashto Proverbs. [2] Zellem wrote the books to "show how Afghan proverbs demonstrate our common humanity and the humanity of Afghans, and to share the proverbs' lyricism, richness and deep meanings with the rest of the world". [3] He is a member of the International Association of Paremiology (AIP-IAP), which is based in Tavira, Portugal. It is a nonprofit cultural institution dedicated to the international scientific study of proverbs, and is the only association of its type in the world. [4] He also is an active professional scuba diving instructor with the Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI), and holds the PADI rating of Master Scuba Diver Trainer (MSDT).

Contents

Biography

Captain Edward Zellem served as a United States Navy officer for 30 years, has lived in six countries and has visited at least 50 others. [3] He can speak Dari and worked in Afghanistan, where for a year and a half he collected and used Dari proverbs every day as a hobby and learning tool. [3] [5] He was a University of Virginia football player, spent time in New Zealand and Thailand, and then joined the Navy to continue to see the world. [6]

Career

Before he joined the Navy, he worked in New Zealand and taught English in a small village in southern Thailand. [3] In 2009, he was selected by the United States Department of Defense for a program called Afghan Hands, which was created in September 2009 to develop military and senior civilian experts specializing in Afghanistan and Pakistan's languages, cultures, processes and challenges. [3] [6] He worked with Afghans in Kandahar and Kabul for a year and a half with the Afghan National Army and the Afghan National Police, respectively, including a year inside Afghanistan's Presidential Palace to help build its "White House Situation Room". [5] [7] The room is known as the Presidential Information Coordination Center (PICC), which Zellem co-founded and co-directed with Afghan Army Brigadier General Sakhi Ahmadzai. It was a key component of the Afghan government's National Security Council Staff under National Security Adviser Dr. Rangin Dadfar Spanta. The PICC was a 24/7 center that directly served the national-level critical information needs of both the President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai and then-Gen. David Petraeus, the commander of U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan. [8]

The Afghanistan-Pakistan Hands Program was conceived in 2009 by then-Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Navy Admiral Michael Mullen, as a top-priority program he argued would "change the paradigm" of how the United States employed its forces in Afghanistan. He envisioned an organization of "experts who speak the local language, are culturally attuned, and are focused on the problem for an extended period of time". [8]

The AFPAK Hands program was designed to build trust with the military and local populations. The program creates many experts about particular countries and is based on similar U.S. Navy programs in the 1920s and 1930s that focused on Japan, Germany and China. These experts specialize in intelligence, force protection and governance, as well as language and culture. [9] They work to fight corruption, as a liaison between Afghan organizations and coalition and international groups that can assist them, and may include military advising to organizing sporting events. The first group of "Hands" is composed of more than 500 civilians, officers and enlisted service members from all four services, and Afghan Hands personnel fill 229 in-country billets. Each "Hand" moves through phases of training, deployment and redeployment during a 36- to 45-month tour with the program. [8]

Zellem and a small group of others in the U.S. military have been deployed to serve on the ground as part of the AFPAK Hands program. They underwent extensive training to achieve language proficiency in either Pashto or Dari, the two most common languages spoken in Afghanistan. They sign on for repeated tours of duty and are assigned to Afghan-related positions between deployments. [9]

Works

The purpose of collecting Afghan proverbs was to bridge a cultural and linguistic divide using Social Entrepreneurship as a model. During the time that Zellem spent with young Afghan soldiers who called themselves the "Burnt Generation"—because all they knew in their lifetime was war—he learned that Afghanistan had a rich history of colorful verbal communication, which included communicating through proverbs, [10] though 70 percent of the population can't read. [6] Zellem collected and used proverbs while there [3] [9] [11] and when word of his proverbs list spread, he created about 100 copies [6] of a small bilingual book to give to friends and colleagues. [3]

One of those colleagues was then-Gen. David Petraeus, who liked the book so much that he wrote a foreword, [12] but that planned addition was scrapped after he became Director of the Central Intelligence Agency because the United States Department of State was leery about associating the book with America's spy agency. After his retirement from the military, Petraeus offered his foreword as a cover blurb for the second edition. Zellem also inscribed a copy to give to Gen. John R. Allen, commander of U.S. forces in Afghanistan and the International Security Assistance Force, who then gave it to President Karzai. [6]

Eventually, the faculty of Marefat High School in Kabul—where both boys and girls attend in separate classrooms—heard about the book and wanted to contribute by illustrating, transcribing, typesetting, editing, and distributing the collection. [3] [6] They wanted to use original art by their eighth- and ninth-graders [9] [11] and Aziz Royesh, the high school's cultural officer, edited the content. [11] Eventually, the State Department gave a $66,000 grant to Marefat High School [6] and the book was published by a local Kabul printing house, [3] Afghan-owned and operated Karwan Press. [13] In 2011, 40,000 copies were published and Marefat High School distributed them to other schools and organizations in Afghanistan. [3] [11] The book became part of the reading curriculum in over 200 schools, was accepted in the Kabul University library, and is included in a nationwide village bookmobile program sponsored by Kabul University. He published a second edition of the collection in the United States in order to support literacy programs. [3] [14] In 2015, he published a 3rd edition that contains an additional 50 proverbs obtained by crowdsourcing. Zellem gave a copyright license to Marefat High School to republish and sell the book for profit in Afghanistan. [3] [5] [9] [11] [15]

Like all books in Dari, the Kabul edition of "Zarbul Masalha" opens from right-to-left. [11] The book has a proverb on each page, first written in Dari with the literal translation from Dari, and then the English translation from Zellem. [11]

The second edition of "Zarbul Masalha" was published internationally in May 2012 by CreateSpace. [16] The book was given an award by the Military Writers Society of America in 2013. [17] Edward Zellem's second book, "Afghan Proverbs Illustrated", was published in October 2012 and is designed for children and new readers [3] [18] After readers in many countries asked for bilingual translations in their own languages, the original English-Dari edition of "Afghan Proverbs Illustrated" was published in German-Dari, French-Dari and Russian-Dari editions. [19] Additional translations have also been done, with more in development. [20] [21]

Zellem has said that a number of Afghan American readers told him that his books helped them and their families to practice their Dari and reconnect with their homeland's culture. [22] [23] [24] Others have used the book for Dari/Farsi language studies, to understand Afghans better and general inspiration. [25] One reviewer said that "Zarbul Masalha" is "both a window and a mirror. As a window, it helps readers gain deep insights into Afghan culture and language. And as a mirror, readers can see themselves and their own cultures reflected in the universal messages expressed by Afghan proverbs". [3] [26] [27]

Zellem pioneered the method of collecting proverbs by crowdsourcing, via the Web. This method of collecting proverbs has been shown to be not only efficient at collecting a large number of proverbs, but also at gathering data to assess which proverbs are the most common. In addition, this has been important for involving the community in valuing, discussing, and gathering their proverbs. [28]

Recognitions

In recognition of his books of Afghan proverbs, Zellem was honored by the Afghan diaspora community at the Rumi Awards in October 2013. [29] [30]

Zarbul Masalha earned Zellem an award by the Military Writers Society of America in 2013. [17] Afghan Proverbs Illustrated, proverbs drawn from Zarbul Masalha then printed with color illustrations by Afghan artists, won a bronze medal at the 2014 Independent Publisher Book Awards. [31] As of mid-2017, Zarbul Masalha, Afghan Proverbs Illustrated, and Mataluna have won a total of 12 international book awards. [32]

Related Research Articles

A proverb is a simple and insightful, traditional saying that expresses a perceived truth based on common sense or experience. Proverbs are often metaphorical and use formulaic language. A proverbial phrase or a proverbial expression is a type of a conventional saying similar to proverbs and transmitted by oral tradition. The difference is that a proverb is a fixed expression, while a proverbial phrase permits alterations to fit the grammar of the context. Collectively, they form a genre of folklore.

Dari, or Dari Persian, is a political term used for the various dialects of the Persian language spoken in Afghanistan. Dari is the term officially recognised and promoted since 1964 by the Afghan government for the Persian language, hence it is known as Afghan Persian or Eastern Persian in many Western sources. As Professor Nile Green remarks "the impulses behind renaming of Afghan Persian as Dari were more nationalistic than linguistic" in order to create an Afghan state narrative. Apart from a few basics of vocabulary, there is little difference between formal written Persian of Afghanistan and Iran. The term "Dari" is officially used for the characteristic spoken Persian of Afghanistan, but is best restricted to formal spoken registers. Persian-speakers in Afghanistan prefer to still call their language “Farsi,” while Pashto-speakers may sometimes refer to it as "Parsi." Farsi Dari serves as the lingua franca for inter ethnic communications in Afghanistan.

Demographics of Afghanistan Aspect of human geography in Afghanistan

The population of Afghanistan is around 40 million as of 2021. The nation is composed of a multi-ethnic and multilingual society, reflecting its location astride historic trade and invasion routes between Central Asia, South Asia, and Western Asia. Ethnic groups in the country include Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbeks, Nuristanis, Aimaq, Turkmen, Baloch and some others which are less known. Together they make up the contemporary Afghan people.

Ryan Crocker American diplomat

Ryan Clark Crocker is an American retired diplomat who served as a career ambassador within the United States Foreign Service and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He has served as United States Ambassador to Afghanistan (2011–2012), Iraq (2007–2009), Pakistan (2004–2007), Syria (1998–2001), Kuwait, and Lebanon (1990–1993). In January 2010, he became Dean of Texas A&M University's George Bush School of Government and Public Service.

Ali Jalali Afghan politician, diplomat, and academic

Ali Ahmad Jalali is an Afghan politician, diplomat, and academic. Jalali served as the Minister of Interior from January 2003 to September 2005. He has also been a distinguished professor at the Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies (NESA) at the National Defense University in Washington, D.C. In August 2021, amid the collapse of the US-backed Afghan government, Jalali was rumored to become the leader of the Taliban-controlled interim Afghan government, which he has denied on Twitter as "fake news."

Kandahar Province Province of Afghanistan

Kandahār is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, located in the southern part of the country, sharing a border with Pakistan, to the south. It is surrounded by Helmand in the west, Uruzgan in the north and Zabul Province in the east. Its capital is the city of Kandahar, Afghanistan's second largest city, which is located on the Arghandab River. The greater region surrounding the province is called Loy Kandahar. The Emir of Afghanistan sends orders to Kabul from Kandahar making it the de facto capital of Afghanistan, although the main government body operates in Kabul. All meetings with the Emir take place in Kandahar, meetings excluding the Emir are in Kabul.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Persian literature</span> Oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language

Persian literature comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and is one of the world's oldest literatures. It spans over two-and-a-half millennia. Its sources have been within Greater Iran including present-day Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, the Caucasus, and Turkey, regions of Central Asia and South Asia where the Persian language has historically been either the native or official language. For example, Rumi, one of the best-loved Persian poets, born in Balkh or Wakhsh, wrote in Persian and lived in Konya, at that time the capital of the Seljuks in Anatolia. The Ghaznavids conquered large territories in Central and South Asia and adopted Persian as their court language. There is thus Persian literature from Iran, Mesopotamia, Azerbaijan, the wider Caucasus, Turkey, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Tajikistan and other parts of Central Asia. Not all Persian literature is written in Persian, as some consider works written by ethnic Persians or Iranians in other languages, such as Greek and Arabic, to be included. At the same time, not all literature written in Persian is written by ethnic Persians or Iranians, as Turkic, Caucasian, and Indic poets and writers have also used the Persian language in the environment of Persianate cultures.

Culture of Afghanistan

The culture of Afghanistan has persisted for over three millennia, tracing record to at least the time of the Achaemenid Empire in 500 BCE, and encompasses the cultural diversity of the nation. Its location at the crossroads of Central, South and Western Asia historically made it a hub of diversity, dubbed by one historian as the "roundabout of the ancient world".

David Petraeus U.S. Army general and public official

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pashto literature and poetry</span> Literature in the Pashto language

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Afghan literature Literature written in or related to Afghanistan

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References

  1. ↑ "AFPAK on the Ground". The Waterline, Aug 9, 2012. Naval District Washington. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
  2. ↑ "Afghan Proverbs and Sayings website".
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "U.S. Navy Captain Edward Zellem on Film Annex's Initiatives in Afghanistan". Afghan Development Film Annex Blog. Afghan Development. Archived from the original on 27 December 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  4. ↑ "International Association of Paremiology". AIP-IAP. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
  5. 1 2 3 "Zarbul Masalha: 151 Afghan Dari Proverbs and Afghan Proverbs Illustrated". Afghan Proverbs. Afghan Proverbs. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Altman, Howard (14 May 2012). "Afghan proverbs resonate across cultural divide". Tampa Bay Online. Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  7. ↑ "IDC Warriors Contribute to Long-Term Stability". All Hands: A Magazine of the U.S. Navy, Aug 2011. United States Department of the Navy. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
  8. 1 2 3 Porter, Sgt. 1st Class Mark. "Afghan Hands helping to reshape Afghanistan". Defense Video & Imagery Distribution System. Defense Video & Imagery Distribution System. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 Gradisher, Joe (9 August 2011). "Indiana native helps Afghan students create a book". The Indiana Gazette.com. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  10. ↑ "CENTCOM sailor turns hobby into book". Centcom - United States Central Command. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kologie, Carl (11 September 2011). "CARL KOLOGIE: Capt. Zellem still helping out". The Indiana Gazette.com. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  12. ↑ Petraeus, David H. (March 2011). "Foreword to Zarbul Masalha" (PDF). Headquarters, International Security Assistance Force and U.S. Forces-Afghanistan. Retrieved 9 November 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 August 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  13. ↑ "Karwan Press". Complex Operations Wiki. Complex Operations Wiki. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  14. ↑ http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Making-a-difference/Change-Agent/2013/1016/Edward-Zellem-publishes-proverbs-to-promote-Afghan-literacy- [ dead link ]
  15. ↑ "Afghanistan Centre at Kabul University". Fall 2012 Newsletter. Louis and Nancy Hatch Dupree Foundation. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  16. ↑ Royesh, Aziz (2012). Zarbul Masalha: 151 Afghan Dari Proverbs. ISBN   978-1475093926.
  17. 1 2 2013 book award by Military Writers Society of America Archived 2013-10-04 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ↑ Zellem, Edward (2012). Afghan Proverbs Illustrated. ISBN   978-1479287451..
  19. ↑ http://www.darivoa.com/media/video/1737206.html VOA interview in Dari
  20. ↑ "Navy Captain's Book on Afghan Proverbs Up for Award". The Tampa Tribune, August 19, 2013. Howard Altman. Retrieved 22 Aug 2013.
  21. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZiinzrRx7T8 Impact of Afghan proverbs TV interview with Stan Emert
  22. ↑ "Sailor Builds Bridges with Books of Afghan Proverbs". Bureau of International Information Programs (IIP). U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
  23. ↑ "Altman: Navy captain's book celebrated by Afghan students, leaders". tbo.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-07.
  24. ↑ "پېلوځی: ادبيات او سوله". 30 November 2013.
  25. ↑ "The Annex Press: Edward Zellem's Afghanistan Dashboard". Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
  26. ↑ "Fox NewsRadio WFLA 970, "The AM Tampa Bay Show," Afghan Proverbs and Peace: A Talk Radio Interview with Edward Zellem". Fox NewsRadio WFLA 970 AM. WFLA 970 AM. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  27. ↑ "Voice of America's Radio Ashna: "A VOA Interview in Dari with Edward Zellem and Jila Samee". Voice of America Radio Ashna. Live broadcast nationwide in Afghanistan, 30 January 2013. Archived from the original on 22 August 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2013..
  28. ↑ Peter Unseth. Comparing methods of collecting proverbs: Learning to value working with a community
  29. ↑ Rumi award
  30. ↑ http://www.afghanvoice.org.uk/avfm/shareaudio.php?podcast=52 Radio interview with Ariadne Bechthold
  31. ↑ "2014 Independent Publisher Book Awards Results".
  32. ↑ "Afghan Proverbs and Sayings | Afghan Quotes | Edward Zellem |". Afghan Proverbs and Sayings | Afghan Quotes | Edward Zellem |. Retrieved 2017-05-11.
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