El Socialista (newspaper)

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El Socialista
Portada el socialista 1938 julio 18 8837 1.jpg
Front page dated 18 July 1938
TypeMonthly newspaper
Owner(s) Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
Founder(s) Pablo Iglesias
Founded12 March 1886;139 years ago (1886-03-12)
Political alignmentSocialist
LanguageSpanish
Headquarters Madrid
Country Spain
ISSN 0210-4725
Website elsocialista.es

El Socialista is a socialist newspaper published in Madrid, Spain. The paper is the organ of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). [1]

Contents

History and profile

El Socialista was established by Pablo Iglesias, founder of the PSOE, in Madrid, [2] and the first issue appeared on 12 March 1886. [3] [4] The paper is owned and published by the PSOE and its union, Union General de Trabajadores (UGT). [5] [6] The headquarters of the paper is in Madrid. [7]

It was started as a two-page publication. [8] In 1913 the paper began to be published daily. [3] In December 1935 the control of the paper was taken by the centrist group within the PSOE led by Indalecio Prieto as a result of the resignation of Francisco Largo Caballero from the presidency of the party. [9]

El Socialista was published weekly in the early 1970s. [10] The paper was closed during the rule of Francisco Franco. [5] However, El Socialista continued its publication clandestinely in that period. [11] In 1978 it resumed its regular publication. [5]

The paper is currently published monthly, while its online edition is active every day.

Contributors and editors

Miguel Unamuno and Santiago Carrillo were among the early contributors. [3] [12] The paper was first directed by its founder Pablo Iglesias who held the post until 1913 when Mariano García Cortes began to edit it. [13] In 1914 Eduardo Torralba Beci was appointed editor-in-chief of El Socialista, replacing Cortes in the post. [13] [14] Torralba served in the post for one year, and Pablo Iglesias retook the paper and edited it until his death in 1925. [13]

Enrique Angulo, son-in-law of the socialist politician Ramón Lamoneda, also served as the director of the paper. [15] Another director was Andrés Saborit. [16] In the mid-1930s the editor was Julián Zugazagoitia. [12]

Content and circulation

El Socialista did not show enthusiasm about the communist revolution in Russia in 1917. [17] It even argued that the revolution was a departure from the significant obligation of Russia to defeat the German Empire. [17] The first supportive article about the revolution appeared in March 1918. [18] In the early 1930s El Socialista criticized the New Deal economic program of the USA. [19] With the rise of conservatism in Spain from 1933 the paper became one of the opposition publications criticizing the government. [20] Immediately after World War II El Socialista adopted an anti-Communist political stance and reported the political tenets of the PSOE. [21] In the 1940s and 1950s it supported the Zionist causes and was an ardent critic of the Arabs who were portrayed in a negative manner. [21] It also considered Egypt as "a miserable country." [21]

In 1949 El Socialista sold only 8,000 copies. [21]

References

  1. ↑ Alejandro López (17 August 2011). "Spanish mayor desecrates mausoleum of fascist victims". World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  2. ↑ Primitivo R. Sanjurjo (November 1923). "Socialism in Spain". Current History . 19 (2): 237–244. doi:10.1525/curh.1923.19.2.237. JSTOR   45327311. S2CID   249071075.
  3. 1 2 3 David Ortiz (2000). Paper Liberals: Press and Politics in Restoration Spain. Westport, CT; London: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 58. ISBN   978-0-313-31216-8.
  4. ↑ "El socialista órgano del Partido Socialista Obrero". University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 Laura Desfor Edles (1998). Symbol and Ritual in the New Spain: The Transition to Democracy After Franco. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 158. ISBN   978-0-521-62885-3.
  6. ↑ "Union General de Trabajadores (UGT)". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  7. ↑ Gabriel Jackson (2012). Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 555. ISBN   978-1-4008-2018-4.
  8. ↑ Víctor Alba (1983). The Communist Party in Spain. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. p. 115. ISBN   978-1-4128-1999-2.
  9. ↑ Sandra Souto Kustrín (April 2004). "Taking the Street: Workers' Youth Organizations and Political Conflict in the Spanish Second Republic". European History Quarterly . 34 (2): 148. doi:10.1177/0265691404042505. S2CID   144078009.
  10. ↑ "El socialista". Library of Congress . Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  11. ↑ James Burns (1977). "The wrinkled new face of Spain". Index on Censorship . 6 (3): 5. doi: 10.1080/03064227708532644 . S2CID   144407982.
  12. 1 2 Julius Ruiz (2007). "Defending the Republic: The García Atadell Brigade in Madrid, 1936". Journal of Contemporary History . 42 (1): 100. doi:10.1177/0022009407071625. S2CID   159559553.
  13. 1 2 3 Eduardo Montagut (20 May 2022). "Los inicios de El Socialista". El Obrero (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 August 2022.[ permanent dead link ]
  14. ↑ Paul Heywood (2003). Marxism and the Failure of Organised Socialism in Spain, 1879-1936. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 32. ISBN   978-0-521-53056-9.
  15. ↑ Patricia Weiss Fagen (1973). Exiles and Citizens. Spanish Republicans in Mexico. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. p. 123. doi:10.7560/720022. ISBN   9781477301685.
  16. ↑ Francisco Javier Rodriguez Jimenez (2016). "Trade Unionism and Spain-Us Political Relations, 1945-1953". Ventunesimo Secolo. 15 (8): 105. doi:10.3280/XXI2016-038006.
  17. 1 2 Paul Preston (January 1977). "The Origins of the Socialist Schism in Spain, 1917-31". Journal of Contemporary History. 12 (1): 103. doi:10.1177/002200947701200105. S2CID   162423505.
  18. ↑ Paul Kennedy (2013). The Spanish Socialist Party and the modernisation of Spain. Manchester; New York: Manchester University Press. p. 17. ISBN   9781526102898.
  19. ↑ María Luz Arroyo Vázquez (2005). "European views of the New Deal: The case of Spain". Journal of Transatlantic Studies . 3 (2): 229. doi:10.1080/14794010608656827. S2CID   189946599.
  20. ↑ Grant Daryl Moss (2010). Political poetry in the wake of the Second Spanish Republic: Rafael Alberti, Pablo Neruda, and Nicolás Guillén (MA thesis). Ohio State University. p. 33.
  21. 1 2 3 4 Dario Migliucci (2019). "East conflict (1947–57): The portrayal of Israelis and Arabs in the Spanish left-wing press". Journal of Israeli History. 37 (1): 90, 94, 96. doi:10.1080/13531042.2019.1623539. hdl: 10835/17812 . S2CID   197820300.
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