 Front page dated 18 July 1938 | |
| Type | Monthly newspaper |
|---|---|
| Owner(s) | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party |
| Founder(s) | Pablo Iglesias |
| Founded | 12 March 1886 |
| Political alignment | Socialist |
| Language | Spanish |
| Headquarters | Madrid |
| Country | Spain |
| ISSN | 0210-4725 |
| Website | elsocialista.es |
El Socialista is a socialist newspaper published in Madrid, Spain. The paper is the organ of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). [1]
El Socialista was established by Pablo Iglesias, founder of the PSOE, in Madrid, [2] and the first issue appeared on 12 March 1886. [3] [4] The paper is owned and published by the PSOE and its union, Union General de Trabajadores (UGT). [5] [6] The headquarters of the paper is in Madrid. [7]
It was started as a two-page publication. [8] In 1913 the paper began to be published daily. [3] In December 1935 the control of the paper was taken by the centrist group within the PSOE led by Indalecio Prieto as a result of the resignation of Francisco Largo Caballero from the presidency of the party. [9]
El Socialista was published weekly in the early 1970s. [10] The paper was closed during the rule of Francisco Franco. [5] However, El Socialista continued its publication clandestinely in that period. [11] In 1978 it resumed its regular publication. [5]
The paper is currently published monthly, while its online edition is active every day.
Miguel Unamuno and Santiago Carrillo were among the early contributors. [3] [12] The paper was first directed by its founder Pablo Iglesias who held the post until 1913 when Mariano García Cortes began to edit it. [13] In 1914 Eduardo Torralba Beci was appointed editor-in-chief of El Socialista, replacing Cortes in the post. [13] [14] Torralba served in the post for one year, and Pablo Iglesias retook the paper and edited it until his death in 1925. [13]
Enrique Angulo, son-in-law of the socialist politician Ramón Lamoneda, also served as the director of the paper. [15] Another director was Andrés Saborit. [16] In the mid-1930s the editor was Julián Zugazagoitia. [12]
El Socialista did not show enthusiasm about the communist revolution in Russia in 1917. [17] It even argued that the revolution was a departure from the significant obligation of Russia to defeat the German Empire. [17] The first supportive article about the revolution appeared in March 1918. [18] In the early 1930s El Socialista criticized the New Deal economic program of the USA. [19] With the rise of conservatism in Spain from 1933 the paper became one of the opposition publications criticizing the government. [20] Immediately after World War II El Socialista adopted an anti-Communist political stance and reported the political tenets of the PSOE. [21] In the 1940s and 1950s it supported the Zionist causes and was an ardent critic of the Arabs who were portrayed in a negative manner. [21] It also considered Egypt as "a miserable country." [21]
In 1949 El Socialista sold only 8,000 copies. [21]
The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party is a social-democratic political party in Spain. The PSOE has been in government longer than any other political party in modern democratic Spain: from 1982 to 1996 under Felipe González, from 2004 to 2011 under José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, and since 2018 under Pedro Sánchez.
Pablo Iglesias Posse was a Spanish socialist and Marxist labour leader. He is regarded as the father of Spanish socialism, having founded the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in 1879 and the Spanish General Workers' Union (UGT) in 1888.
Julián Besteiro Fernández was a Spanish socialist politician, elected to the Cortes Generales and in 1931 as Speaker of the Constituent Cortes of the Spanish Republic. He also was elected several times to the town council of Madrid. During the same period, he was a university professor of philosophy and logic, and dean of the department at the University of Madrid. He was imprisoned after the Civil War and died in jail.
Unión General de Trabajadores (sector histórico) ('General Workers' Union (historical sector)', abbreviated UGT(H)) was a trade union centre in Spain during the Transition years. UGT(H) emerged from a split in the Unión General de Trabajadores and was linked to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historic) (PSOE(H)). The split in UGT was linked to the split in PSOE after its 1973 congress in Toulouse.
Federico Melchor Fernández was a Spanish journalist and communist politician. He was one of the leaders of the Communist Youth Union of Spain. During the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) he was general director of Propaganda in the government of Juan Negrín. He became a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Spain.
Virginia González Polo was a Spanish political and feminist leader, socialist, and communist.
José Cazorla Maure was a Spanish communist leader during the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). He was one of the leaders of the Unified Socialist Youth. For several months in 1936–37 he was a member of the Madrid Defense Council in charge of public order. He was ruthless in weeding out sabotage or subversion, and earned the hostility of the anarchists and Trotskyites. Later he was made governor of the province of Albacete and then of Guadalajara. He remained in Spain after the war, and was arrested and executed by firing squad.
Óscar Pérez Solís was a Spanish artillery officer, engineer, journalist and politician. He became attracted to left-wing causes, and left the army in 1912. He joined the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and was its candidate in several general elections. In 1921 he was one of the founders of the Communist Party of Spain, and became secretary-general of the party. He converted to Catholicism during a period in prison in 1925–27. After being released he disavowed his left-wing beliefs and became associated with the right-wing Falangists.
Rafael Vidiella Franch was a trade unionist and communist politician from Catalonia. He served as a minister in the government of Catalonia during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939).
Leandro Carro Hernáez was a Spanish communist leader who was active in the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) and the Communist Party of the Basque Country after its creation in 1935. He was later Minister of Public Works in the Basque government in exile in 1946–1948.
Anastasio de Gracia Villarrubia was a Spanish bricklayer, trade union leader and socialist politician. He became a national delegate during the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939). During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) he was a minister in the government of Francisco Largo Caballero from September 1936 to May 1937. After the defeat of the Republicans he went into exile in Mexico, where he lived for more than forty years.
The Asturian Socialist Federation, often shortened to FSA–PSOE, is the regional section of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in the Principality of Asturias. It was formed on 27 January 1901 from the Socialist local groupings of Gijón, Oviedo (1892), Mieres and Langreo (1897) and others.
María Cambrils Sendra was a Spanish writer and feminist. She was self-taught and became part of the working class intellectual elite as a writer and lecturer. She published numerous articles in the workers' press, especially El Socialista. She is the author of the 1925 book Feminismo socialista, a reference on women's rights and feminist and socialist action.
Women in the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party were few in number, mainly as a result of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)'s resistance to women's rights. The party had opposed the women's rights movement, seeing it as a bourgeois endeavor that interfered with their ability to work for labor rights. Despite warnings from prominent women about the problems related to this position, they re-affirmed it several times in the period prior to the Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera.
Women in exile during Francoist Spain were a result of their being on the wrong side during the Spanish Civil War. The repression behind nationalist lines during the war and the immediate years that followed left many politically active women with few choices but to leave or face death. The exact totals of women who were murdered, fled or disappeared is unknown, as it was only possible to make estimates.
Women in PSOE in Francoist Spain had been involved in important socialist activism since the 1930s, including behind the scenes during the Asturian miners' strike of 1934, even as the party offered few leadership roles to women and address the issues of women. During the Civil War, the party was one of the few left wing actors to reject the idea of women on the front, believing women instead should take care of the home.
Women in Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) in Francoist Spain played important roles in the union dating back to the Second Republic period, even as their specific needs like maternity leave, childcare provisions and equal pay were subverted for the improvement of better overall working conditions. Women UGT leaders in the Civil War period included María Lacrampe and Claudina García Perez.
Antonio García Quejido was a Spanish politician, trade unionist, the first president of the Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) and the first general secretary of the Communist Party of Spain.
Eduardo Torralba Beci (1881–1929) was a Spanish journalist and politician. He joined different left-wing parties and co-founded Communist Workers Party. He was among the editors-in-chief of El Socialista, official organ of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party.
Victoria Zárate Zurita was a Spanish republican teacher and trade unionist, of socialist and communist ideology, who was tortured and imprisoned by Franco's regime.
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