The following table compares official EPA ratings for fuel economy (in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent, mpg-e or MPGe, for plug-in electric vehicles) for series production all-electric passenger vehicles rated by the EPA for model years 2015, [1] 2016, [2] 2017, [3] and 2023 [4] versus the model year 2016 vehicles that were rated the most efficient by the EPA with plug-in hybrid drivetrains (Chevrolet Volt – second generation), gasoline-electric hybrid drivetrains (Toyota Prius Eco - fourth generation), [5] [6] [7] and the average new vehicle for that model year, which has a fuel economy of 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp). [2] [5]
EPA rating data are taken from manufacturer testing of their own vehicles, usually conducted using pre-production prototypes. Manufacturers report the results to EPA, which reviews the results and confirms about 15%–20% of them through their own tests at the National Vehicles and Fuel Emissions Laboratory. [8]
Comparison of top fuel efficient battery-electric vehicles versus most efficient fossil fuel vehicles (including hybrid-electric vehicles) (Fuel economy as displayed in the Monroney label) [1] [2] [3] | |||||||
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Vehicle | Model year | EPA rated fuel economy | Notes | ||||
Combined | City | Highway | |||||
Toyota Prius HEV [4] | 2023 | 57 mpg | 57 mpg | 56 mpg | (9) | ||
Hyundai Ioniq 6 Long Range RWD w/ 18-inch wheels [4] | 2023 | 140 mpg‑e 24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km | 153 mpg‑e 22.0 kWh/100 mi; 13.7 kWh/100 km | 127 mpg‑e 26.5 kWh/100 mi; 16.5 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Lucid Air Pure AWD w/ 19-inch wheels [4] | 2023 | 140 mpg‑e 24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km | 141 mpg‑e 23.9 kWh/100 mi; 14.9 kWh/100 km | 140 mpg‑e 24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Tesla Model Y AWD [4] | 2023 | 123 mpg‑e 27.4 kWh/100 mi; 17.0 kWh/100 km | 129 mpg‑e 26.1 kWh/100 mi; 16.2 kWh/100 km | 116 mpg‑e 29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Tesla Model 3 [9] Standard Range [10] | 2020 | 141 mpg‑e 23.9 kWh/100 mi; 14.9 kWh/100 km | 148 mpg‑e 22.8 kWh/100 mi; 14.2 kWh/100 km | 132 mpg‑e 25.5 kWh/100 mi; 15.9 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Hyundai Ioniq Electric [3] [11] | 2017 | 136 mpg‑e 24.8 kWh/100 mi; 15.4 kWh/100 km | 150 mpg‑e 22.5 kWh/100 mi; 14.0 kWh/100 km | 122 mpg‑e 27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km | (1) (4) | ||
BMW i3 (60 A·h) [12] [13] | 2014/15/16 | 124 mpg‑e 27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km | 137 mpg‑e 24.6 kWh/100 mi; 15.3 kWh/100 km | 111 mpg‑e 30.4 kWh/100 mi; 18.9 kWh/100 km | (1) (3) (4) (5) | ||
Scion iQ EV [14] | 2013 | 121 mpg‑e 27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km | 138 mpg‑e 24.4 kWh/100 mi; 15.2 kWh/100 km | 105 mpg‑e 32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Tesla Model 3 Long Range AWD [15] | 2020 | 121 mpg‑e 27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km | 124 mpg‑e 27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km | 116 mpg‑e 29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Chevrolet Bolt EV [16] | 2017 | 119 mpg‑e 28.3 kWh/100 mi; 17.6 kWh/100 km | 121 mpg‑e 27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km | 110 mpg‑e 30.6 kWh/100 mi; 19.0 kWh/100 km | |||
Chevrolet Spark EV [17] | 2014/15/16 | 119 mpg‑e 28.3 kWh/100 mi; 17.6 kWh/100 km | 128 mpg‑e 26.3 kWh/100 mi; 16.4 kWh/100 km | 109 mpg‑e 30.9 kWh/100 mi; 19.2 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
BMW i3 (94 A·h) [12] | 2017 | 118 mpg‑e 28.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.7 kWh/100 km | 129 mpg‑e 26.1 kWh/100 mi; 16.2 kWh/100 km | 106 mpg‑e 31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Honda Fit EV [18] | 2013/14 | 118 mpg‑e 28.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.7 kWh/100 km | 132 mpg‑e 25.5 kWh/100 mi; 15.9 kWh/100 km | 105 mpg‑e 32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Fiat 500e [19] | 2013/14/15 | 116 mpg‑e 29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km | 122 mpg‑e 27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km | 108 mpg‑e 31.2 kWh/100 mi; 19.4 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Volkswagen e-Golf [20] | 2015/16 | 116 mpg‑e 29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km | 126 mpg‑e 26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km | 105 mpg‑e 32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Nissan Leaf (24 kW-h) [21] | 2013/14/15/16 | 114 mpg‑e 29.6 kWh/100 mi; 18.4 kWh/100 km | 126 mpg‑e 26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km | 101 mpg‑e 33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km | (1) (6) | ||
Mitsubishi i [22] | 2012/13/14/16 | 112 mpg‑e 30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km | 126 mpg‑e 26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km | 99 mpg‑e 34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Nissan Leaf (30 kW-h) [21] | 2016 | 112 mpg‑e 30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km | 124 mpg‑e 27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km | 101 mpg‑e 33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Fiat 500e [23] | 2016 | 112 mpg‑e 30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km | 121 mpg‑e 27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km | 103 mpg‑e 32.7 kWh/100 mi; 20.3 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Smart electric drive [24] | 2013/14/15/16 | 107 mpg‑e 31.5 kWh/100 mi; 19.6 kWh/100 km | 122 mpg‑e 27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km | 93 mpg‑e 36.2 kWh/100 mi; 22.5 kWh/100 km | (1) (7) | ||
Kia Soul EV [25] | 2015/16 | 105 mpg‑e 32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km | 120 mpg‑e 28.1 kWh/100 mi; 17.5 kWh/100 km | 92 mpg‑e 36.6 kWh/100 mi; 22.8 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Ford Focus Electric [26] | 2012/13/14/15/16 | 105 mpg‑e 32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km | 110 mpg‑e 30.6 kWh/100 mi; 19.0 kWh/100 km | 99 mpg‑e 34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Tesla Model S AWD - 70D [2] [27] | 2015/16 | 101 mpg‑e 33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km | 101 mpg‑e 33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km | 102 mpg‑e 33.0 kWh/100 mi; 20.5 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Tesla Model S AWD - 85D [2] [28] & 90D [2] [27] | 2015/16 | 100 mpg‑e 33.7 kWh/100 mi; 20.9 kWh/100 km | 95 mpg‑e 35.5 kWh/100 mi; 22.0 kWh/100 km | 106 mpg‑e 31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km | (1) (8) | ||
Tesla Model S (60 kW·h) [2] [27] | 2014/15/16 | 95 mpg‑e 35.5 kWh/100 mi; 22.0 kWh/100 km | 94 mpg‑e 35.9 kWh/100 mi; 22.3 kWh/100 km | 97 mpg‑e 34.7 kWh/100 mi; 21.6 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Tesla Model S AWD - P85D [2] [28] & P90D [2] [27] | 2015/16 | 93 mpg‑e 36.2 kWh/100 mi; 22.5 kWh/100 km | 89 mpg‑e 37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km | 98 mpg‑e 34.4 kWh/100 mi; 21.4 kWh/100 km | (1) (8) | ||
Tesla Model X AWD – 90D [29] | 2016 | 92 mpg‑e 36.6 kWh/100 mi; 22.8 kWh/100 km | 90 mpg‑e 37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km | 94 mpg‑e 35.9 kWh/100 mi; 22.3 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Tesla Model X AWD – P90D [29] | 2016 | 89 mpg‑e 37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km | 89 mpg‑e 37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km | 90 mpg‑e 37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Tesla Model S (85 kW·h) [30] | 2012/13/14/15 | 89 mpg‑e 37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km | 88 mpg‑e 38.3 kWh/100 mi; 23.8 kWh/100 km | 90 mpg‑e 37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive [31] | 2014/15/16 | 84 mpg‑e 40.1 kWh/100 mi; 24.9 kWh/100 km | 85 mpg‑e 39.7 kWh/100 mi; 24.6 kWh/100 km | 83 mpg‑e 40.6 kWh/100 mi; 25.2 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Toyota RAV4 EV [32] | 2012/13/14 | 76 mpg‑e 44.3 kWh/100 mi; 27.6 kWh/100 km | 78 mpg‑e 43.2 kWh/100 mi; 26.9 kWh/100 km | 74 mpg‑e 45.5 kWh/100 mi; 28.3 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
BYD e6 [2] [33] | 2012/13/14/15/16 | 63 mpg‑e 53.5 kWh/100 mi; 33.2 kWh/100 km | 61 mpg‑e 55.3 kWh/100 mi; 34.3 kWh/100 km | 65 mpg‑e 51.9 kWh/100 mi; 32.2 kWh/100 km | (1) | ||
Second gen Chevrolet Volt [2] [34] [35] Plug-in hybrid (PHEV) Electricity only | 2016 | 106 mpg‑e 31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km | 113 mpg‑e 29.8 kWh/100 mi; 18.5 kWh/100 km | 99 mpg‑e 34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km | (1) (2) (9) | ||
Volt, Gasoline only | 42 mpg | 43 mpg | 42 mpg | ||||
Toyota Prius Eco (4th gen) [6] Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) Gasoline-electric hybrid | 2016 | 56 mpg | 58 mpg | 53 mpg | (2) (10) | ||
Ford Fusion AWD A-S6 2.0L [2] [36] Gasoline-powered (Average new vehicle) | 2016 | 25 mpg | 22 mpg | 31 mpg | (2) (11) | ||
Notes: All estimated fuel economy based on 15,000 miles (24,000 km) annual driving, 45% highway and 55% city (1) Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kW·h. |
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