Electric car EPA fuel economy

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The following table compares official EPA ratings for fuel economy (in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent, mpg-e or MPGe, for plug-in electric vehicles) for series production all-electric passenger vehicles rated by the EPA for model years 2015, [1] 2016, [2] 2017, [3] and 2023 [4] versus the model year 2016 vehicles that were rated the most efficient by the EPA with plug-in hybrid drivetrains (Chevrolet Volt  second generation), gasoline-electric hybrid drivetrains (Toyota Prius Eco - fourth generation), [5] [6] [7] and the average new vehicle for that model year, which has a fuel economy of 25 mpgUS (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpgimp). [2] [5]

EPA rating data are taken from manufacturer testing of their own vehicles, usually conducted using pre-production prototypes. Manufacturers report the results to EPA, which reviews the results and confirms about 15%–20% of them through their own tests at the National Vehicles and Fuel Emissions Laboratory. [8]

Comparison of top fuel efficient battery-electric vehicles versus most efficient fossil fuel vehicles (including hybrid-electric vehicles)
(Fuel economy as displayed in the Monroney label) [1] [2] [3]
VehicleModel
year
EPA rated fuel economyNotes
CombinedCityHighway
Toyota Prius HEV [4] 202357 mpg57 mpg56 mpg(9)
Hyundai Ioniq 6 Long Range RWD w/ 18-inch wheels [4] 2023140 mpge
24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km
153 mpge
22.0 kWh/100 mi; 13.7 kWh/100 km
127 mpge
26.5 kWh/100 mi; 16.5 kWh/100 km
(1)
Lucid Air Pure AWD w/ 19-inch wheels [4] 2023140 mpge
24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km
141 mpge
23.9 kWh/100 mi; 14.9 kWh/100 km
140 mpge
24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km
(1)
Tesla Model Y AWD [4] 2023123 mpge
27.4 kWh/100 mi; 17.0 kWh/100 km
129 mpge
26.1 kWh/100 mi; 16.2 kWh/100 km
116 mpge
29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km
(1)
Tesla Model 3 [9] Standard Range [10] 2020141 mpge
23.9 kWh/100 mi; 14.9 kWh/100 km
148 mpge
22.8 kWh/100 mi; 14.2 kWh/100 km
132 mpge
25.5 kWh/100 mi; 15.9 kWh/100 km
(1)
Hyundai Ioniq Electric [3] [11] 2017136 mpge
24.8 kWh/100 mi; 15.4 kWh/100 km
150 mpge
22.5 kWh/100 mi; 14.0 kWh/100 km
122 mpge
27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km
(1) (4)
BMW i3 (60 A·h) [12] [13] 2014/15/16124 mpge
27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km
137 mpge
24.6 kWh/100 mi; 15.3 kWh/100 km
111 mpge
30.4 kWh/100 mi; 18.9 kWh/100 km
(1) (3) (4) (5)
Scion iQ EV [14] 2013121 mpge
27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km
138 mpge
24.4 kWh/100 mi; 15.2 kWh/100 km
105 mpge
32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km
(1)
Tesla Model 3 Long Range AWD [15] 2020121 mpge
27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km
124 mpge
27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km
116 mpge
29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km
(1)
Chevrolet Bolt EV [16] 2017119 mpge
28.3 kWh/100 mi; 17.6 kWh/100 km
121 mpge
27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km
110 mpge
30.6 kWh/100 mi; 19.0 kWh/100 km
Chevrolet Spark EV [17] 2014/15/16119 mpge
28.3 kWh/100 mi; 17.6 kWh/100 km
128 mpge
26.3 kWh/100 mi; 16.4 kWh/100 km
109 mpge
30.9 kWh/100 mi; 19.2 kWh/100 km
(1)
BMW i3 (94 A·h) [12] 2017118 mpge
28.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.7 kWh/100 km
129 mpge
26.1 kWh/100 mi; 16.2 kWh/100 km
106 mpge
31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km
(1)
Honda Fit EV [18] 2013/14118 mpge
28.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.7 kWh/100 km
132 mpge
25.5 kWh/100 mi; 15.9 kWh/100 km
105 mpge
32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km
(1)
Fiat 500e [19] 2013/14/15116 mpge
29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km
122 mpge
27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km
108 mpge
31.2 kWh/100 mi; 19.4 kWh/100 km
(1)
Volkswagen e-Golf [20] 2015/16116 mpge
29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km
126 mpge
26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km
105 mpge
32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km
(1)
Nissan Leaf (24 kW-h) [21] 2013/14/15/16114 mpge
29.6 kWh/100 mi; 18.4 kWh/100 km
126 mpge
26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km
101 mpge
33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km
(1) (6)
Mitsubishi i [22] 2012/13/14/16112 mpge
30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km
126 mpge
26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km
99 mpge
34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km
(1)
Nissan Leaf (30 kW-h) [21] 2016112 mpge
30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km
124 mpge
27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km
101 mpge
33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km
(1)
Fiat 500e [23] 2016112 mpge
30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km
121 mpge
27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km
103 mpge
32.7 kWh/100 mi; 20.3 kWh/100 km
(1)
Smart electric drive [24] 2013/14/15/16107 mpge
31.5 kWh/100 mi; 19.6 kWh/100 km
122 mpge
27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km
93 mpge
36.2 kWh/100 mi; 22.5 kWh/100 km
(1) (7)
Kia Soul EV [25] 2015/16105 mpge
32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km
120 mpge
28.1 kWh/100 mi; 17.5 kWh/100 km
92 mpge
36.6 kWh/100 mi; 22.8 kWh/100 km
(1)
Ford Focus Electric [26] 2012/13/14/15/16105 mpge
32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km
110 mpge
30.6 kWh/100 mi; 19.0 kWh/100 km
99 mpge
34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km
(1)
Tesla Model S AWD - 70D [2] [27] 2015/16101 mpge
33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km
101 mpge
33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km
102 mpge
33.0 kWh/100 mi; 20.5 kWh/100 km
(1)
Tesla Model S AWD - 85D [2] [28] & 90D [2] [27] 2015/16100 mpge
33.7 kWh/100 mi; 20.9 kWh/100 km
95 mpge
35.5 kWh/100 mi; 22.0 kWh/100 km
106 mpge
31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km
(1) (8)
Tesla Model S (60 kW·h) [2] [27] 2014/15/1695 mpge
35.5 kWh/100 mi; 22.0 kWh/100 km
94 mpge
35.9 kWh/100 mi; 22.3 kWh/100 km
97 mpge
34.7 kWh/100 mi; 21.6 kWh/100 km
(1)
Tesla Model S AWD - P85D [2] [28] & P90D [2] [27] 2015/1693 mpge
36.2 kWh/100 mi; 22.5 kWh/100 km
89 mpge
37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km
98 mpge
34.4 kWh/100 mi; 21.4 kWh/100 km
(1) (8)
Tesla Model X AWD – 90D [29] 201692 mpge
36.6 kWh/100 mi; 22.8 kWh/100 km
90 mpge
37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km
94 mpge
35.9 kWh/100 mi; 22.3 kWh/100 km
(1)
Tesla Model X AWD – P90D [29] 201689 mpge
37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km
89 mpge
37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km
90 mpge
37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km
(1)
Tesla Model S (85 kW·h) [30] 2012/13/14/1589 mpge
37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km
88 mpge
38.3 kWh/100 mi; 23.8 kWh/100 km
90 mpge
37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km
(1)
Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive [31] 2014/15/1684 mpge
40.1 kWh/100 mi; 24.9 kWh/100 km
85 mpge
39.7 kWh/100 mi; 24.6 kWh/100 km
83 mpge
40.6 kWh/100 mi; 25.2 kWh/100 km
(1)
Toyota RAV4 EV [32] 2012/13/1476 mpge
44.3 kWh/100 mi; 27.6 kWh/100 km
78 mpge
43.2 kWh/100 mi; 26.9 kWh/100 km
74 mpge
45.5 kWh/100 mi; 28.3 kWh/100 km
(1)
BYD e6 [2] [33] 2012/13/14/15/1663 mpge
53.5 kWh/100 mi; 33.2 kWh/100 km
61 mpge
55.3 kWh/100 mi; 34.3 kWh/100 km
65 mpge
51.9 kWh/100 mi; 32.2 kWh/100 km
(1)
Second gen Chevrolet Volt [2] [34] [35]
Plug-in hybrid (PHEV)
Electricity only
2016106 mpge
31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km
113 mpge
29.8 kWh/100 mi; 18.5 kWh/100 km
99 mpge
34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km
(1) (2) (9)
Volt, Gasoline only42 mpg43 mpg42 mpg
Toyota Prius Eco (4th gen) [6]
Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)
Gasoline-electric hybrid
201656 mpg58 mpg53 mpg(2) (10)
Ford Fusion AWD A-S6 2.0L [2] [36]
Gasoline-powered
(Average new vehicle)
201625 mpg22 mpg31 mpg(2) (11)
Notes: All estimated fuel economy based on 15,000 miles (24,000 km) annual driving, 45% highway and 55% city

(1) Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kW·h.
(2) The 2014 i3 REx is classified by EPA as a series plug-in hybrid, while for CARB is a range-extended battery-electric vehicle (BEVx). The i3 REx is the most fuel economic EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine with a combined gasoline/electricity rating of 88 mpg-e, but its total range is limited to 150 mi (240 km). [5] [37]
(3) The 2014/16 BMW i3 (60 A·h) ranked as the most fuel economic EPA-certified vehicle of all fuel types considered in all years until MY 2016. It was surpassed by the 2017 Hyundai Ioniq Electric in November 2016. [37]
(4) The i3 REx has a combined fuel economy in all-electric mode of 117 mpg-e (29 kW·h/100 mi; 18 kW⋅h/100 km). [38]
(5) The 2016 model year Leaf correspond to the variant with the 24 kW·h battery pack.
(6) Ratings correspond to both convertible and coupe models.
(7) Model with 85  kW·h battery pack
(8) Most fuel economic plug-in hybrid capable of long distance travel. The 2016 Volt has a rating of 77 mpg-e for combined gasoline/electricity operation. [5]
(9) Most fuel economic hybrid electric car. [2] [5]
(10) Other 2016 MY cars achieving 25 mpgUS (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpgimp) combined city/hwy include the Honda Accord A-S6 3.5L, Toyota Camry A-S6 3.5L and Toyota RAV4 A-S6 2.5L. [2] [36]

ADAC also carried out consumption measurements. [39]

See also

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References

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  39. (de) Electricity consumption - electric cars