Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo

Last updated
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo
Part of the Italian Front of World War I
WWI - Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo - Italian 75mm anti-aircraft gun.jpg
Italian 75mm anti-aircraft gun during the Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo
Date18 August – 12 September 1917
Location
Isonzo (Soča), near Monfalcone, Italy; Banjšice Plateau (Altopiano della Bainsizza), Slovenia
Result Italian tactical victory
Belligerents
Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg  Italy Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg  Austria-Hungary
Flag of the German Empire.svg  Germany
Commanders and leaders
Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Luigi Cadorna
Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Luigi Capello
Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Emanuele Filiberto di Savoia
Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg Arthur Arz von Straußenburg
Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg Svetozar Boroević von Bojna
Units involved
Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Second Army
Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Third Army
Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg Army Group Boroević
Strength
600 battalions
5,200 guns
250 battalions
2,200 guns
Casualties and losses
158,000 casualties:
30,000 dead
108,000 wounded
20,000 missing or taken prisoner
115,000 casualties:
20,000 dead
45,000 wounded
30,000 missing
20,000 taken prisoner

The Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo was a World War I battle fought by the Italian and Austro-Hungarian Armies on the Italian Front between 18 August and 12 September 1917.

Contents

Background

On the Soča (Isonzo) River, Luigi Cadorna, the Italian Chief of Staff, concentrated three quarters of his troops: 600 battalions (52 divisions) with 5,200 guns.

Battle

The attack was carried forth from a front from Tolmin (in the upper Isonzo valley) to the Adriatic Sea. The Italians crossed the river at several points on temporary bridges, but the main effort was exerted on the Banjšice Plateau, whose capture was to further the offensive and break the Austro-Hungarian lines in two segments, isolating the strongholds of Mount Saint Gabriel and Mount Hermada.

After fierce and deadly fightings, the Italian Second Army, led by General Capello, pushed back Boroević's Isonzo Armee, conquering the Bainsizza and Mount Santo. Other positions were taken by the Duke of Aosta's Third Army.

However, Mount Saint Gabriel and Mount Hermada turned out to be impregnable, and the offensive wore out.

After the battle, the Austro-Hungarians were exhausted, and could not have withstood another attack. So were the Italians, who could not find the resources necessary for another assault, even though it might have been the decisive one. So the final result of the battle was an inconclusive bloodbath. Moreover, the end of the battle left the Italian Second Army (until then the most successful of the Italian Armies) split in two parts across the Soča (Isonzo), a weak point that proved to be decisive in the subsequent Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo.

To commemorate the participation of the Royal Bavarian Infantry Lifeguards Regiment, Georg Fürst wrote the March "Isonzo-Marsch". The Italians fired 5.5 million artillery shells during the battle, including poison gas shells. [1]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Soča</span> Slovenian-Italian river

The Soča or Isonzo is a 138-kilometre (86 mi) long river that flows through western Slovenia and northeastern Italy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Svetozar Boroević</span> Austro-Hungarian field marshal (1856–1920)

Svetozar Boroević von Bojna was an Austro-Hungarian field marshal who was described as one of the finest defensive strategists of the First World War. He commanded Austro-Hungarian forces in the Isonzo front, for which he was nicknamed the "Lion of Isonzo".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bovec</span> Place in Slovene Littoral, Slovenia

Bovec is a town in the Littoral region in northwestern Slovenia, close to the border with Italy. It is the central settlement of the Municipality of Bovec.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italian front (World War I)</span> Italian theatre of World War I

The Italian front,Alpine front involved a series of battles at the border between Austria-Hungary and Italy, fought between 1915 and 1918 in the course of World War I. Following secret promises made by the Allies in the 1915 Treaty of London, Italy entered the war aiming to annex the Austrian Littoral, northern Dalmatia, and the territories of present-day Trentino and South Tyrol. Although Italy had hoped to gain the territories with a surprise offensive, the front soon bogged down into trench warfare, similar to that on the Western Front in France, but at high altitudes and with very cold winters. Fighting along the front displaced much of the local population, and several thousand civilians died from malnutrition and illness in Italian and Austro-Hungarian refugee camps. The Allied victory at Vittorio Veneto, the disintegration of the Habsburg empire, and the Italian capture of Trento and Trieste ended the military operations in November 1918. The armistice of Villa Giusti entered into force on 4 November 1918, while Austria-Hungary no longer existed as a unified entity. Italy also refers to the Great War as the Fourth Italian War of Independence, which completed the last stage of Italian unification.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Gorizia (1916)</span> World War I battle between armies of the Kingdom of Italy and Austria-Hungary

The Sixth Battle of the Isonzo, better known as the Battle of Gorizia, was the most successful Italian offensive along the Soča (Isonzo) River during World War I.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">First Battle of the Isonzo</span> Battle in 1915 on the Italian Front during the First World War

The First Battle of the Isonzo was fought between the Armies of Italy and Austria-Hungary on the northeastern Italian Front in World War I, between 23 June and 7 July 1915.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Battle of the Isonzo</span> Battle in 1915 on the Italian Front during the First World War

The Second Battle of the Isonzo was fought between the armies of the Kingdom of Italy and of Austria-Hungary in the Italian Front in World War I, between 18 July and 3 August 1915.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Third Battle of the Isonzo</span> Battle in 1915 on the Italian Front during the First World War

The Third Battle of the Isonzo was fought from 18 October through 4 November 1915 between the armies of Italy and Austria-Hungary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Asiago</span> Battle on the Italian Front during World War I

The Battle of Asiago(Battle of the Plateaux) or the Südtirol Offensive (in Italian: Battaglia degli Altipiani), nicknamed Strafexpedition ("Punitive expedition") by the Austro-Hungarian forces, was a major counteroffensive launched by the Austro-Hungarians on the territory of Vicentine Alps in the Italian Front on 15 May 1916, during World War I. It was an "unexpected" attack that took place near Asiago in the province of Vicenza (now in northeast Italy, then on the Italian side of the border between the Kingdom of Italy and Austria-Hungary) after the Fifth Battle of the Isonzo (March 1916).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military history of Italy during World War I</span> Aspect of Italian history

This article is about Italian military operations in World War I.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fourth Battle of the Isonzo</span> Battle in 1915 on the Italian Front during the First World War

The Fourth Battle of the Isonzo was fought between the armies of Kingdom of Italy and those of Austria-Hungary on the Italian Front in World War I, between 10 November and 2 December 1915.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fifth Battle of the Isonzo</span> 1916 battle by the Soča River, Slovenia

The Fifth Battle of the Isonzo was fought from March 9–15, 1916 between the armies of the Kingdom of Italy and those of Austria-Hungary. The Italians had decided to launch another offensive on the Soča (Isonzo) River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seventh Battle of the Isonzo</span> 1916 battle in Gorizia, Italy

The Seventh Battle of the Isonzo was fought from September 14–17, 1916 between the armies of the Kingdom of Italy and those of Austria-Hungary. It followed the Italian successes during the Trentino Offensive and the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo in the spring of 1916.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eighth Battle of the Isonzo</span>

The Eighth Battle of the Isonzo was fought from October 10–12, 1916 between Italy and Austria-Hungary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ninth Battle of the Isonzo</span>

The Ninth Battle of the Isonzo was an Italian offensive against Austria-Hungary in the course World War I. Including a triumvirate of battles launched after the Italians' successful seizure of Gorizia in August 1916 to extend their bridgehead to the left of the town, it ended in further failure for the Italian Chief of Staff Luigi Cadorna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tenth Battle of the Isonzo</span>

The Tenth Battle of the Isonzo was an Italian offensive against Austria-Hungary during World War I.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battles of the Isonzo</span> Series of major battles between Italy and Austria-Hungary during WWI

The Battles of the Isonzo were a series of 12 battles between the Austro-Hungarian and Italian armies in World War I mostly on the territory of present-day Slovenia, and the remainder in Italy along the Isonzo River on the eastern sector of the Italian Front between June 1915 and November 1917.

Events from the year 1916 in Italy.

Events from the year 1917 in Italy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ludwig Goiginger</span>

Ludwig Goiginger was an Austro-Hungarian Lieutenant Field Marshal who notably served in World War I.

References

  1. Faldella, Emilio: La grande guerra, vol. I, Milan 1978, pp. 274.

Further reading

Coordinates: 45°48′00″N13°32′00″E / 45.8000°N 13.5333°E / 45.8000; 13.5333