Emilio Gabba (31 March 1927 – 12 August 2013) was an Italian historian who specialised in Roman history.
Gabba was born in Pavia on 31 March 1927, [1] to an upper-middle-class family. [2] A pupil of Plinio Fraccaro at Pavia from 1949 to 1950, he started there a close working relationship with fellow Romanist Arnaldo Momigliano. He was a fellow at the American Academy in Rome in 1955 [3] and later was a visiting professor at the University of Pennsylvania and University of Michigan.
His first work was a highly influential essay on the Marian reforms. [4] Some of his important later works were a commentary on Appian's Civil Wars, a book on the Greek historians who lived during the Principate, and a book on the army and society of the late Roman Republic. [5]
He was a professor of Roman history at the universities of Pisa and Pavia from 1958–1974 and 1974–1996, respectively. His work largely related to Roman history from the late Republic through to the late Roman Empire with special focus on the process of Romanisation and municipalisation in Italy. [6] He became director of the ancient history journal Athenaeum, published by the University of Pavia, in 1990 and later became head of the Italian Historical Review in 1995. [1]
He died on 12 August 2013 at the age of 86. [5] He had more than 800 published works and received honorary degrees from many prestigious institutions. [7]
Pavia is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, in Northern Italy, 35 kilometres south of Milan on the lower Ticino near its confluence with the Po. It has a population of c. 73,086.
The Social War, also called the Italian War or the Marsic War, was fought largely from 91 to 88 BC between the Roman Republic and several of its autonomous allies in Italy. Some of the allies held out until 87 BC.
Vincenzo da Filicaja was an italian poet and politician, citizen of Grand Duchy of Tuscany. His poetry was compared to that of Petrarch, and his association with the Accademia della Crusca gave him access to royal patronage. He served as governor of Volterra and Pisa, successively, and finally in the Tuscan Senate.
Freiherr Christian Johann Dietrich Theodor von Grotthuss was a Baltic German scientist known for establishing the first theory of electrolysis in 1806 and formulating the first law of photochemistry in 1817. His theory of electrolysis is considered the first description of the so-called Grotthuss mechanism.
The Marian reforms were putative changes to the composition and operation of the Roman army during the late Roman Republic usually attributed to Gaius Marius. The most important of those putative changes concerned the altering of the socio-economic background of the soldiery. Other changes were supposed to have included the introduction of the cohort; the institution of a single form of heavy infantry with uniform equipment; the universal adoption of the eagle standard; and the abolition of the citizen cavalry. It was commonly believed that Marius changed the soldiers' socio-economic background by allowing citizens without property to join the Roman army, a process called "proletarianisation". This was thought to have created a semi-professional class of soldiers motivated by land grants; these soldiers in turn became clients of their generals, who then used them to overthrow the republic.
Filippo Coarelli is an Italian archaeologist, Professor of Greek and Roman Antiquities at the University of Perugia.
Gabrio Piola was an Italian mathematician and physicist, member of the Lombardo Institute of Science, Letters and Arts. He studied in particular the mechanics of the continuous, linking his name to the tensors called Piola–Kirchhoff.
Michael Hewson Crawford, is a British ancient historian and numismatist. Having taught at Christ's College, Cambridge and the University of Cambridge, he was Professor of Ancient History at University College London from 1986 until he retired in 2005.
Christopher John Wickham is a British historian and academic. From 2005 to 2016, he was the Chichele Professor of Medieval History at the University of Oxford and Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford; he is now emeritus professor. He had previously taught at the University of Birmingham from 1977, rising to be Professor of Early Medieval History from 1997 to 2005.
Giacomo Benevelli was an Italian and French sculptor. He was brought up in France. He lived and studied in Nice, Paris, Rome, Aix-en-Provence, Munich. He mainly lived and worked for over forty years in Milan.
Emilio Gentile is an Italian historian and professor, specializing in the history, ideology, and culture of Italian fascism. Born in Bojano, Gentile is considered one of Italy's foremost cultural historians of Fascist Italy and its ideology. He studied under the renowned Italian historian Renzo De Felice and wrote a book about him.
The Roman expansion in Italy covers a series of conflicts in which Rome grew from being a small Italian city-state to be the ruler of the Italian region. Roman tradition attributes to the Roman kings the first war against the Sabines and the first conquests around the Alban Hills and down to the coast of Latium. The birth of the Roman Republic after the overthrow of the Etruscan monarch of Rome in 509 BC began a series of major wars between the Romans and the Etruscans. In 390 BC, Gauls from the north of Italy sacked Rome. In the second half of the 4th century BC Rome clashed repeatedly with the Samnites, a powerful tribal coalition of the Apennine region.
The First Battle of Clusium took place in June of 82 BC during the Roman Republic's Second Civil War. The battle pitted the Optimates under the command of Lucius Cornelius Sulla against the Populares commanded by Gnaeus Papirius Carbo. The battle was indecisive.
The Battle of Faventia took place in September of 82 BC at Faventia during the context of Sulla's Second Civil War. The battle pitted the Optimates under the command of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius against the Populares forces commanded by Gaius Norbanus Balbus. The battle resulted in an Optimate victory.
The Battle of Sena Gallica took place in April or May of 82 BC during the context of Sulla's Second Civil War in the area around present day Senigallia. The battle pitted the Optimates under the command of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, legatus of Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix against the Populares forces commanded by Gaius Marcius Censorinus who was in turn the legatus of Gnaeus Papirius Carbo. The battle resulted in a decisive Optimate victory. Immediately following the battle, the town was subjected to a brutal sacking by Sulla's victorious forces.
Luciano Caruso was a poet, visual artist, critic, journalist and writer. He was born in 1944 in Foglianise, a region located in the mountains of Sannio, Italy. He grew up and lived in Naples until 1976. After this point, he moved to Florence. He graduated in Medieval Aesthetics, with a thesis on carmina figurata. While in Naples he was also the editor of many magazines of the avant-garde, among them Linea Sud, Ana etcetera, Continuum, Uomini e Idee, Silence's Wake, E/mana/zione etc....
Nino Valeri was an Italian historian.
Lellia Cracco Ruggini was an Italian historian of Late Antiquity and professor emerita of the University of Turin. Her particular interests were in economic and social history, the history of ideas, and modern and ancient historiography. She specialized in the period from the second to seventh centuries AD.
David Asheri, born David Bonaventura, was an Italian-Israeli historian. Asheri is regarded as "one of the most distinguished scholars of ancient Greece". He is perhaps best known for his many contributions to the scholarship of Herodotus.
Giacomo Barzellotti was an Italian philosopher and senator of the Kingdom of Italy.