EndeavorRx

Last updated

EndeavorRx is a video game used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder developed by Akili Interactive. It was based on a prototype game called NeuroRacer. NeuroRacer was developed by Akili Interactive and researchers at the University of San Francisco. [1] The game runs on an engine known as the Akili Selective Stimulus Management engine. [2] EndeavorRx was known as AKL-T01 or Project: EVO ADHD Treatment during its development. [3] On June 15, 2020, it became the first ever video game to be approved by the FDA. It was approved to be used as a treatment for children with ADHD with the age range of 8–12. [4] [5] [6] Five studies on over 600 children were conducted to measure the effectiveness of EndeavorRx. [7] They found "a 36% improvement in at least one objective measure of attention." The side effects found by the researchers include frustration, [8] dizziness, headaches, and aggression. [9]

In the game, the player is tasked with flying a spaceship across many levels. The player is faced with numerous tasks such as finding collectibles or catching animals. The game will alter its objectives based on the players performance. It may add new rewards and objectives or modify the game's pace in accordance with the pace of the player. EndeavorRx attempts to challenge the player and force them to learn to multitask and ignore distractions. [10] Although EndeavorRx can be downloaded for mobile devices, it cannot be played without a prescription from a physician. It is recommended that the game is played for 25 minutes a day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks. [11] Once the game has been played for the allotted time it will not let the player continue. [12]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Modafinil</span> Eugeroic medication

Modafinil, sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a wakefulness-promoting medication used primarily to treat narcolepsy. Modafinil is also approved for stimulating wakefulness in people with sleep apnea and shift work sleep disorder. It is taken by mouth. Modafinil is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in people under age 17.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</span> Neurodevelopmental disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by executive dysfunction occasioning symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and otherwise age-inappropriate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methylphenidate</span> Central nervous system stimulant

Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin and Concerta among others, is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant used medically to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, to a lesser extent, narcolepsy. It is a primary medication for ADHD ; it may be taken by mouth or applied to the skin, and different formulations have varying durations of effect, commonly ranging from 2–4 hours. For ADHD, the effectiveness of methylphenidate is comparable to atomoxetine but modestly lower than amphetamines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Noah Falstein</span> American video game designer

Noah Falstein is a game designer and producer who has been in the video game industry since 1980, winning "Game of the Year" titles for multiple games such as Battlehawks 1942 and Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis. He has designed games for multiple platforms, including arcade video games, Commodore 64, and MS-DOS.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clonidine</span> Pharmaceutical drug

Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α2A-adrenergic agonist medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal, menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and certain pain conditions. The drug is often prescribed off-label for tics. It is used orally, by injection, or as a transdermal skin patch. Onset of action is typically within an hour with the effects on blood pressure lasting for up to eight hours.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atomoxetine</span> Medication used to treat ADHD

Atomoxetine, sold under the brand name Strattera, is a medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, to a lesser extent, cognitive disengagement syndrome. It may be used alone or along with psychostimulants. It is also used as a cognitive and executive functioning enhancer to improve self-motivation, persistence, attention, inhibition, and working memory. Use of atomoxetine is only recommended for those who are at least six years old. It is taken orally. Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and is believed to work by increasing norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the brain. The effectiveness of atomoxetine is comparable to the commonly prescribed stimulant medication methylphenidate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fasoracetam</span> Chemical compound

Fasoracetam is a research chemical of the racetam family. It is a putative nootropic that failed to show sufficient efficacy in clinical trials for vascular dementia. It is currently being studied for its potential use for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Off-label use</span> Use of pharmaceuticals for conditions different from that for which they were approved

Off-label use is the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved indication or in an unapproved age group, dosage, or route of administration. Both prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs (OTCs) can be used in off-label ways, although most studies of off-label use focus on prescription drugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Viloxazine</span> Medication used to treat ADHD

Viloxazine, sold under the brand name Qelbree and formerly as Vivalan among others, is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor medication which is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. It was marketed for almost 30 years as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression before being discontinued and subsequently repurposed as a treatment for ADHD. Viloxazine is taken orally. It was used as an antidepressant in an immediate-release form and is used in ADHD in an extended-release form.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guanfacine</span> Medication used for high blood pressure and ADHD

Guanfacine, sold under the brand name Tenex (immediate-release) and Intuniv (extended-release) among others, is an oral alpha-2a agonist medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and high blood pressure. Guanfacine is FDA-approved for monotherapy treatment of ADHD, as well as being used for augmentation of other treatments, such as stimulants. Guanfacine is also used off-label to treat tic disorders, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder controversies</span> Controversies surrounding the topic of ADHDs nature, diagnosis, and treatment

Despite the scientifically well-established nature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), its diagnosis, and its treatment, each of these has been controversial since the 1970s. The controversies involve clinicians, teachers, policymakers, parents, and the media. Positions range from the view that ADHD is within the normal range of behavior to the hypothesis that ADHD is a genetic condition. Other areas of controversy include the use of stimulant medications in children, the method of diagnosis, and the possibility of overdiagnosis. In 2009, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, while acknowledging the controversy, stated that the current treatments and methods of diagnosis are based on the dominant view of the academic literature.

In medicine, an indication is a valid reason to use a certain test, medication, procedure, or surgery. There can be multiple indications to use a procedure or medication. An indication can commonly be confused with the term diagnosis. A diagnosis is the assessment that a particular medical condition is present while an indication is a reason for use. The opposite of an indication is a contraindication, a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment because the risks of treatment clearly outweigh the benefits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lisdexamfetamine</span> Central nervous system stimulant prodrug

Lisdexamfetamine, sold under the brand names Vyvanse and Elvanse among others, is a stimulant medication that is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults and for moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder in adults. Lisdexamfetamine is taken by mouth. Its effects generally begin within two hours and last for up to 14 hours. In the United Kingdom, it is usually less preferred to methylphenidate for the treatment of children.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management options are evidence-based practices with established treatment efficacy for ADHD.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dasotraline</span> Chemical compound

Dasotraline is a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI) that was under development by Sunovion for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and binge eating disorder (BED). Structurally, dasotraline is a stereoisomer of desmethylsertraline (DMS), which is an active metabolite of the marketed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant sertraline (Zoloft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brexpiprazole</span> Atypical antipsychotic

Brexpiprazole, sold under the brand name Rexulti among others, is a medication used for the treatment of major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. It is an atypical antipsychotic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol</span> Pharmaceutical drug formulation

Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol, sold under the brand name Breo Ellipta among others, is a combination medication for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. It contains fluticasone furoate, an inhaled corticosteroid, and vilanterol, an ultra-long-acting β2 agonist (ultra-LABA).

NeuroRacer is a video game designed by a team of researchers at the University of California, San Francisco led by Adam Gazzaley as a way to help with mental cognition. It was designed as an "Adam Gazzaley intervention" for "top-down modulation deficits in older adults." A study on 60- to 85-year-olds showed that the multitasking nature of the game caused improvements in tasks outside of the game involving working memory and sustained attention. The game is presented as a driving simulator. Gameplay involves driving a vehicle down windy roads and pushing buttons when a sign appears.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solriamfetol</span> Medication used for the treatment of excessive sleepiness

Solriamfetol, sold under the brand name Sunosi, is a wakefulness-promoting medication used in the treatment of excessive sleepiness related to narcolepsy and sleep apnea. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Serdexmethylphenidate</span> CNS Stimulant (prodrug)

Serdexmethylphenidate is a prodrug of dexmethylphenidate created by the pharmaceutical company KemPharm. The compound was first approved by the FDA as one of the active ingredients in Azstarys for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults in March 2021. Serdexmethylphenidate is a prodrug which has a delayed onset of action and a prolonged duration of effects compared to dexmethylphenidate, its parent compound.

References

  1. ↑ "Training the Older Brain in 3-D: Video Game Enhances Cognitive Control | UC San Francisco". www.ucsf.edu. 2013-09-04. Archived from the original on March 15, 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
  2. ↑ Canady, Valerie A. (2020-06-29). "FDA approves first video game Rx treatment for children with ADHD". Mental Health Weekly. 30 (26): 1–7. doi:10.1002/mhw.32423. ISSN   1058-1103. S2CID   234731507.
  3. ↑ "Akili preparing FDA bid following strong results of adolescent ADHD trial". MobiHealthNews. 2017-12-04. Archived from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
  4. ↑ "Akili Announces FDA Clearance of EndeavorRxTM for Children with ADHD, the First Prescription Treatment Delivered Through a Video Game". www.businesswire.com. 2020-06-15. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
  5. ↑ Park, Andrea (May 3, 2023). "Akili's therapeutic video game improves ADHD symptoms in 83% of adults: study". Archived from the original on May 6, 2023.
  6. ↑ "EndeavorRx, Akili's video game therapeutic, receives FDA De Novo clearance". MobiHealthNews. 2020-06-15. Archived from the original on May 19, 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
  7. ↑ Commissioner, Office of the (2020-06-17). "FDA Permits Marketing of First Game-Based Digital Therapeutic to Improve Attention Function in Children with ADHD". FDA. Archived from the original on May 14, 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
  8. ↑ "Adults with ADHD See Significant Improvements in Attention, ADHD Symptoms, and Quality of Life in Clinical Trial of Akili's EndeavorRx® Video Game-Based Therapeutic". www.businesswire.com. 2023-05-03. Archived from the original on May 13, 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  9. ↑ Urciuoli, Wendy (2020-07-01). "Wellness Through Answers News v.35:no.3 July-August 2020". Articles - Patient Care.
  10. ↑ "ADHD Treatment For Kids | Digital Therapeutic Video Game for ADHD". EndeavorRx. Retrieved 2023-05-27.
  11. ↑ "An FDA-Approved 'Prescription' Video Game?". The San Francisco Standard. 2023-04-06. Archived from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
  12. ↑ Jr, Tom Huddleston (2020-06-17). "See the first-ever video game approved by the FDA as a mental health treatment". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 15, 2022. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.