Enrico Martino | |
|---|---|
 Enrico Martino in 1955 | |
| Governor of the Trust Territory of Somaliland | |
| In office 1953–1957 | |
| Preceded by | Giovanni Fornari |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 01/29/1907 La Spezia,Kingdom of Italy |
| Died | 05/27/1981 La Spezia |
| Profession | attorney,diplomat |
Enrico Martino (born in La Spezia on January 29,1907 - died April 27,1981) was an italian diplomat and politician,who was the main administrator of the Italian Trust Administration of Somalia (AFIS) from 1953 to 1957 [1] .
Enrico Martino was born in La Spezia (Liguria) and graduated as "attorney" when 23 years old. Later,he also graduated in "scienze politiche" (diplomacy).
Elected member of the Constituent Assembly in 1946 in the ranks of the Italian Republican Party (PRI). In the De Gasperi II Government he was undersecretary for war (1946–1947) [2] .
He resigned as deputy on 30 October 1947,to undertake a diplomatic career. He was then promoted to Italy's ambassador in Belgrade (Yugoslavia) [3]
From 1953 to 1957 he was administrator of the "Italian Trust Administration of Somalia". [4]
Early in 1953 Giovanni Fornari left office and was replaced by Enrico Martino. Martino was given four directives to follow by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs:
That year Martino began preparing for the first democratic elections by ordering a Census.
A 1953 report commissioned by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs would warn the AFIS was creating a precarious situation in Somalia by making the economy entirely reliant on Banana exports. The exceptionally high profits from Bananas would deter Italian authorities from development of other crops.
In 1954,the Italian government established post-secondary institutions of law,economics,and social studies in Mogadishu,the territory's capital. These institutions were satellites of the University of Rome,which provided all the instruction material,faculty and administration.
In 1954 the first municipal elections were held across the territory. The Somali Youth League would achieve a decisive victory,proving itself the most popular party across the nation. As a consequence of the election both the Italian administration of Marino and the SYL had a change of attitude towards one another. AFIS had fully come to recognize that it needed the support of the SYL to govern while the SYL recognized it needed to be on good terms with the international recognized administration to strengthen its position.
Aden Abdulle Osman,head of the "moderate" faction,and the future first Somali president would be elected president of the SYL in 1954. During his leadership an atmosphere of détente was created between the League and the Italians. For the first time a direct line of communication was established between the SYL and the administration. Following this development,both side became more conciliatory. By 1956,relations between the Somali Youth League and Italian authorities ruled by Martino had significantly improved.
Cooperation between the Italian authorities,the Somali Youth League and UNESCO had achieved significant progress in the field of education by replacing ex-colonial missionary schools with state funded public education. By 1957 over 30,000 Somalis were enrolled in schools (while ten years before they were only 2000!). The successful Italian effort of Enrico Marino primarily focused on elementary schooling.
In 1957 he was appointed ambassador to Montevideo (Uruguay) until 1958 [5] and in the 1960s in Bern (Switzerland) and Vienna (Austria). He retired from service in January 1972.
He died in April 1981 in his birthplace La Spezia.
About his experience in East Africa he wrote the book "Two Years in Somalia" [6] .
Italian Somaliland was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia, which was ruled in the 19th century by the Sultanate of Hobyo and Majeerteen in the north, and in the south by the political entities; Hiraab Imamate and the Geledi Sultanate.
Las Anod is the administrative capital of the Sool region, currently controlled by Khatumo State forces aligned with Somalia.
Aden Abdulle Osman Da’ar, popularly known as Aden Adde, was a Somali politician who served as the first president of the Somali Republic from 1 July 1960 to 6 July 1967. He had previously served in the Somali Youth League in 1944.
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The Trust Territory of Somaliland, officially the "Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian administration", was a United Nations Trust Territory situated in present-day Somalia. Its capital was Mogadishu and was administered by Italy from 1950 to 1960, following the dissolution of the former British Military Administration. It gained independence in 1960.
Somali African National Union (SANU) (Arabic: الاتحاد الافريقي الوطني الصومالي) was an early political party in Somalia. It represented the coastal Banaadir region.
Italian Somalis are Somali-born citizens who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to Somalia during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in Somalia. Most of the Italians moved to Somalia during the Italian colonial period.
The Legislature II of Italy was the 2nd legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 25 June 1953 until 11 June 1958. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 7 June 1953.
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Osman Haji Mohamed, also known as Osman Baketti, was a Somali politician. He was a prominent figure in the government of the Trust Territory of Somalia and the succeeding civilian administration of independent Somalia.
Somalia–United Kingdom relations are bilateral relations between Somalia and the United Kingdom.
The 1969 Somali coup d'état was the bloodless takeover of Somalia's government on 21 October 1969 by military officers of the Supreme Revolutionary Council led by Siad Barre. Somali troops supported by tanks under the command of Barre stormed Mogadishu and seized key government buildings and ordered the resignation of the country's leaders. The coup deposed President Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein and Prime Minister Mohammad Egal and led to the twenty-one year long military rule by Barre and the imposition of an authoritarian government in Somalia until 1991.
The British Military Administration of Somaliland was the control of the regions of British Somaliland and of the former Italian Somaliland by the British from 1941 until 1949. At the end of 1949, it became a United Nations trust territory which would last from 1950 until 1960 whilst under Italian administration.
Sheikh Ali Jimale Barale (Somali: Shiikh Cali Jimcaale Baraale, Arabic: شيخ علي جمعلي بارال was a Somali politician. He was the 1st Minister for Labour and Social Affairs during the trusteeship period and also for the newly independent country of the Somali Republic. Ali Jimale's long political career started in 1946 when he became member of the Youth Somali League, the precursor of the Somali Youth League, Beledweyne branch. From 1946 to 1955 he served, several times, as Secretary of the regional branch of the party in Beledweyne
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