Era Fascista

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A Fascist-period 20 Italian lire coin (1928), dated MCMXXVIII A.VI Italia, 20 lire di vittorio emanuele III, 1928.JPG
A Fascist-period 20 Italian lire coin (1928), dated MCMXXVIII A.VI
A sun dial in Cavalese, Trento, dated MCMXXXIX XVII E F Sonnenuhr auf der Ruckwand des Rathauses in Cavalese.jpg
A sun dial in Cavalese, Trento, dated MCMXXXIX XVII E F

The Era Fascista (English: 'Fascist Era') was a calendar era (year numbering) used in the Fascist-ruled Kingdom of Italy. The March on Rome, or more precisely the accession of Mussolini as prime minister on 29 October 1922, is day 1 of Anno I of the Era Fascista. The calendar was introduced in 1926 and became official in Anno V (1927). [1] Each year of the Era Fascista was an Anno Fascista, abbreviated A.F. [2] [3]

The Era Fascista calendar was inspired by the French Republican calendar. [4]

Era Fascista dates often consisted of the Gregorian date followed by the corresponding Era Fascista year in Roman numerals, as part of Fascist propaganda's appropriation of ancient Roman iconography. The Era Fascista year was sometimes written as "Anno XIX", "A. XIX", or marked "E.F." [5] The calendar was intended to replace the "bourgeois" Gregorian calendar in Italian public life to the extent that, in 1939, newspapers were forbidden to write about New Year's Day. [6]

A plaque with fasces on the Theatre of Marcellus, dated A. VII E.F. Teatro di Marcello, anno VII EF P1140343.jpg
A plaque with fasces on the Theatre of Marcellus, dated A. VII E.F.

The tenth anniversary of the March on Rome, Anno X, was called the Decennale (evoking the ancient Roman Decennalia ). The propaganda centerpiece of Anno X was the Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution. [7]

The calendar was abandoned in most of Italy with the fall of the Fascist regime in 1943 (Anno XXI), but continued to be used in the rump Republic of Salò until the death of Mussolini in April 1945 (Anno XXIII). [8]

Many monuments in Italy still bear Era Fascista dates.

A 1929 postcard (VII refers to it being year 7 in the Fascist Era that started on October 29, 1922, with the March on Rome made by Ardengo Soffici.) L'Italia nei mari ( 'Italy in the seas'.).webp
A 1929 postcard (VII refers to it being year 7 in the Fascist Era that started on October 29, 1922, with the March on Rome made by Ardengo Soffici.)

References

  1. Edgardo Baldi, Aldo Cerchiari, Enciclopedia moderna italiana , p. 1306
  2. Adriano Cappelli, Cronologia, cronografia e calendario perpetuo, Hoepli, 1998, p. 131
  3. Matthew Kneale, Rome: A History in Seven Sackings, Simon and Schuster, 2018, p. 296
  4. Philip V. Cannistraro, "Mussolini's cultural revolution: fascist or nationalist?" in Roger Griffin, Matthew Feldman, eds., Fascism: Fascism and Culture in Fascism: Critical Concept in Political Science3:194, ISBN   041529018X
  5. Catherine E. Paul, Fascist Directive: Ezra Pound and Italian Cultural Nationalism, 2016, ISBN   9781942954057, p. 114
  6. Simonetta Falasca-Zamponi, Fascist Spectacle: The Aesthetics of Power in Mussolini's Italy, 2000, ISBN   0520226771, p. 105
  7. B. Painter, Mussolini's Rome: Rebuilding the Eternal City, ISBN   1403976910, 2016, p. 26
  8. Paolo Monelli, Mussolini: An Intimate Life, 1953, p. 288