Related Research Articles
Southern Rhodesia was a landlocked self-governing British Crown colony in southern Africa,established in 1923 and consisting of British South Africa Company (BSAC) territories lying south of the Zambezi River. The region was informally known as south Zambesia until annexed by Britain at the behest of Cecil Rhodes's British South Africa Company,for whom the colony was named. The bounding territories were Bechuanaland (Botswana),Northern Rhodesia (Zambia),Portuguese Mozambique (Mozambique),and the Transvaal Republic.
Zimbabwe Rhodesia,alternatively known as Zimbabwe-Rhodesia,also informally known as Zimbabwe or Rhodesia,was a short-lived sovereign state that existed from 1 June 1979 to 18 April 1980,though lacked international recognition. Zimbabwe Rhodesia was preceded by another state named the Republic of Rhodesia and was briefly under a British-supervised transitional government sometimes referred to as a reestablished Southern Rhodesia,which according to British constitutional theory had remained the lawful government in the area after Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in 1965. About three months later,the re-established colony of Southern Rhodesia was granted internationally-recognized independence within the Commonwealth as the Republic of Zimbabwe.
Joshua Mqabuko Nyongolo Nkomo was a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who served as Vice-President of Zimbabwe from 1990 until his death in 1999. He founded and led the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) from 1961 until it merged in 1987 with Robert Mugabe's Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) to form ZANU–PF after an internal military crackdown called Gukurahundi in western Zimbabwe,mostly on ethnic Ndebele ZAPU supporters.
Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa,also commonly referred to as Bishop Muzorewa,was a Zimbabwean bishop and politician who served as the first and only Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Rhodesia from the Internal Settlement to the Lancaster House Agreement in 1979. A United Methodist Church bishop and nationalist leader,he held office for only a few months.
The prime minister of Rhodesia was the head of government of Rhodesia. Rhodesia,which had become a self-governing colony of the United Kingdom in 1923,unilaterally declared independence on 11 November 1965,and was thereafter an unrecognized state until 1979. In December 1979,the country came under temporary British control,and in April 1980 the country gained recognized independence as Zimbabwe.
Matabeleland is a region located in southwestern Zimbabwe that is divided into three provinces:Matabeleland North,Bulawayo,and Matabeleland South. These provinces are in the west and south-west of Zimbabwe,between the Limpopo and Zambezi rivers and are further separated from Midlands by the Shangani River in central Zimbabwe. The region is named after its inhabitants,the Ndebele people who were called "Amatabele"(people with long spears –Mzilikazi 's group of people who were escaping the Mfecani wars). Other ethnic groups who inhabit parts of Matabeleland include the Tonga,Bakalanga,Venda,Nambya,Khoisan,Xhosa,Sotho,Tswana,and Tsonga.
The Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation(ZBC) is the state-owned broadcaster in Zimbabwe. It was established as the Rhodesian Broadcasting Corporation (RBC),taking its current name in 1980. Like the RBC before it,the ZBC has been accused of being a government mouthpiece with no editorial independence.
The Rhodesian Bush War,also called the Second Chimurenga as well as the Zimbabwean War of Liberation,was a civil conflict from July 1964 to December 1979 in the unrecognised country of Rhodesia.
The Internal Settlement was an agreement which was signed on 3 March 1978 between Prime Minister of Rhodesia Ian Smith and the moderate African nationalist leaders comprising Bishop Abel Muzorewa,Ndabaningi Sithole and Senator Chief Jeremiah Chirau. After almost 15 years of the Rhodesian Bush War,and under pressure from the sanctions placed on Rhodesia by the international community,and political pressure from South Africa,the United Kingdom,and the United States,the Rhodesian government met with some of the internally based moderate African nationalist leaders in order to reach an agreement on the political future for the country.
General elections were held in Southern Rhodesia between 14 February and 4 March 1980 to elect the members of the House of Assembly of the first Parliament of the independent Zimbabwe. As stipulated by the new Constitution of Zimbabwe produced by the Lancaster House Conference,the new House of Assembly was to comprise 100 members,80 of whom would be elected proportionally by province by all adult citizens on a common roll,and 20 of whom would be elected in single-member constituencies by whites on a separate roll.
Stanlake John William Thompson Samkange (1922–1988) was a Zimbabwean historiographer,educationist,journalist,author,and African nationalist. He was a member of an elite Zimbabwean nationalist political dynasty and the most prolific of the first generation of black Zimbabwean creative writers in English.
The military history of Zimbabwe chronicles a vast time period and complex events from the dawn of history until the present time. It covers invasions of native peoples of Africa,encroachment by Europeans,and civil conflict.
The history of Rhodesia from 1965 to 1979 covers Rhodesia's time as a state unrecognised by the international community following the predominantly white minority government's Unilateral Declaration of Independence on 11 November 1965. Headed by Prime Minister Ian Smith,the Rhodesian Front remained in government until 1 June 1979,when the country was reconstituted as Zimbabwe Rhodesia.
Air Rhodesia Flight 825 was a scheduled passenger flight that was shot down by the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) on 3 September 1978,during the Rhodesian Bush War. The aircraft involved,a Vickers Viscount named the Hunyani,was flying the last leg of Air Rhodesia's regular scheduled service from Victoria Falls to the capital Salisbury,via the resort town of Kariba.
Khayisa Nhlanhlayamangwe Ndiweni (1913–2010) was a chief in Zimbabwe. He was hugely respected in Matabeleland and a revered figure among his people in Ntabazinduna. He became a chief of the Matebele people of Ntabazinduna and Mbembezi in 1939. He was a direct descendant of Gundwane Ndiweni,the Ndebele leader of the Nguni group that split from King Mzilikazi.
The Victoria Falls Conference took place on 26 August 1975 aboard a South African Railways train halfway across the Victoria Falls Bridge on the border between the unrecognised state of Rhodesia and Zambia. It was the culmination of the "détente" policy introduced and championed by B. J. Vorster,the Prime Minister of South Africa,which was then under apartheid and was attempting to improve its relations with the Frontline States to Rhodesia's north,west and east by helping to produce a settlement in Rhodesia. The participants in the conference were a delegation led by the Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith on behalf of his government,and a nationalist delegation attending under the banner of Abel Muzorewa's African National Council (UANC),which for this conference also incorporated delegates from the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU),the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and the Front for the Liberation of Zimbabwe (FROLIZI). Vorster and the Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda acted as mediators in the conference,which was held on the border in an attempt to provide a venue both sides would accept as neutral.
The modern political history of Zimbabwe starts with the arrival of white people to what was dubbed Southern Rhodesia in the 1890s. The country was initially run by an administrator appointed by the British South Africa Company. The prime ministerial role was first created in October 1923,when the country achieved responsible government,with Sir Charles Coghlan as its first Premier. The third premier,George Mitchell,renamed the post prime minister in 1933.
Rowan Cronjé was a Rhodesian politician who served in the cabinet under prime ministers Ian Smith and Abel Muzorewa,and was later a Zimbabwean MP. He emigrated to South Africa in 1985 and served in the government of Bophuthatswana.
Ronald Takawira Douglas Sadomba was a Rhodesian politician who served in the House of Assembly from 1970 to 1979. In 1979,he served in the Parliament of the short-lived Rhodesian successor state,Zimbabwe Rhodesia,prior to Zimbabwe's independence. He entered politics as a member of the Centre Party,and changed parties several times,joining throughout his career the African National Council,the United African National Council,ZANU–PF,and United Parties.
David Colville Smith was a farmer and politician in Rhodesia and its successor states,Zimbabwe Rhodesia and Zimbabwe. He served in the cabinet of Rhodesia as Minister of Agriculture from 1968 to 1976,Minister of Finance from 1976 to 1979,and Minister of Commerce and Industry from 1978 to 1979. From 1976 to 1979,he also served Deputy Prime Minister of Rhodesia. He continued to serve as Minister of Finance in the government of Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979. In 1980,he was appointed Minister of Trade and Commerce of the newly independent Zimbabwe,one of two whites included in the cabinet of Prime Minister Robert Mugabe.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sub-Saharan Africa Report. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1979. p. 60.
- 1 2 Teacher in New Africa. Tina Publications. 1968. pp. xxvii.
- ↑ Ashford, Nicholas (20 January 1980). "Mr Nkomo seen as the unifying politician" . Retrieved 5 June 2020.
- 1 2 Smiley, Xan (14 April 1979). "Rhodesia: the pipe-dream of partnership". The Spectator. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ↑ "Rhodesia: Tribalism permeating politics". The Vancouver Sun. 24 July 1978. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Biographic Data on New Ministers". The Rhodesia Herald. 12 April 1978. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- 1 2 Ngara, John (1978). "The "Internal Settlement" and the Zimbabwe Revolution". The African Communist. 75: 78 – via JSTOR.
- ↑ Curwen, C. A.; Rycroft, David K. (1976). "Notes and Communications". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 39 (1): 157. JSTOR 616192.
- 1 2 Ottaway, David B. (23 May 1979). "Rhodesian War Spills Over Borders". The Washington Post. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ↑ "Rhodesian 'Free Zone' Will Woo Rebels Home". The New York Times. 6 April 1978. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ↑ Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. Vol. 2. New York: United Nations General Assembly. 1980. p. 26 – via JSTOR.
- ↑ "Rhodesia will abolish 'all discrimination'" (PDF). The Daily Iowan. 9 October 1978. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ↑ "Desegregation expected". The Boston Globe. 9 October 1978. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ↑ Times, John F. (31 May 1979). "Muzorewa Names a Cabinet, Reserving Key Roles for Himself and Smith". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ↑ Rhoodie, Eschel (1983). The Real Information Scandal. Orbis. p. 371. ISBN 978-0-620-07057-7.
- ↑ Africa Confidential. Miramoor Publications. 1992. p. 25.