Cabinet of Rhodesia

Last updated August 14, 2023

This list includes ministers of the cabinet of Rhodesia from 11 November 1965, the date of Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence, to 1979. It includes ministers of Rhodesia's transitional government, which began following the 1978 Internal Settlement and ended with the establishment of Zimbabwe Rhodesia on 1 June 1979. The internal transitional government included the creation of a four-person "Executive Council" and the appointment of black co-ministers to cabinet portfolios.

Cabinet

Cabinet of Rhodesia, 1965−1979
Office	Name	Term	Ref.
President	Clifford Dupont Henry Everard (acting) John Wrathall Henry Everard (acting) Jack Pithey (acting) Henry Everard (acting)	1970−1975 1975−1976 1976−1978 1978 1978−1979 1979	^[1]^[2]
Prime Minister	Ian Smith	1965−1979	^[3]
Deputy Prime Minister	Clifford Dupont John Wrathall David Smith	1965 1966−1976 1976−1979	^[2]^[4]
Officer Administrating the Government	Clifford Dupont	1965−1970	^[5]
Executive Council	Ian Smith Abel Muzorewa Ndabaningi Sithole Jeremiah Chirau	1978−1979 1978−1979 1978−1979 1978−1979	^[6]^[7]
Minister of Agriculture	The 7th Duke of Montrose George Rudland David Smith Rollo Hayman Mark Partridge Joel Mandaza*	1965−1966 1966−1968 1968−1976 1976−1977 1977−1979 1978−1979	^[5]^[7]^[8]^[9]
Minister of Combined Operations	Roger Hawkins John Kadzviti* Hilary Squires	1977−1979 1978−1979 1979	^[10]^[11]
Minister of Commerce and Industry	George Rudland Jack Mussett Elias Broomberg Desmond Lardner-Burke David Smith Ernest Bulle*	1965−1966 1966−1974 1974−1976 1976−1978 1978−1979 1978−1979	^[7]^[8]^[12]^[13]
Minister of Defence	Clifford Dupont The 7th Duke of Montrose Jack Howman P. K. van der Byl Reginald Cowper Mark Partridge Roger Hawkins John Kadzviti*	1965−1966 1966−1968 1968−1974 1974−1976 1976−1977 1977 1977−1979 1978−1979	^[5]^[10]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]
Minister of Education	Arthur Philip Smith Denis Walker Rowan Cronjé Gibson Magaramombe*	1965−1977 1977−1978 1978−1979 1978−1979	^[12]^[16]
Minister of Finance	John Wrathall David Smith Ernest Bulle*	1965−1976 1976−1979 1978−1979	^[2]^[7]^[18]
Minister of Foreign Affairs	Clifford Dupont The 7th Duke of Montrose Jack Howman P. K. van der Byl Elliot Gabellah*	1965−1966 1966−1968 1968−1974 1974−1979 1978−1979	^[5]^[7]^[14]^[15]^[19]
Minister of Health	Ian Finlay McLean Rowan Cronjé Gibson Magaramombe*	1965−1966 1966−1979 1978−1979	^[16]^[20]
Minister of Information, Immigration, and Tourism	Jack Howman P. K. van der Byl Wickus de Kock Elias Broomberg P. K. van der Byl Elliot Gabellah*	1965−1968 1968−1974 1974−1975 1976−1977 1977−1979 1978−1979	^[7]^[21]^[22]^[23]
Minister of Internal Affairs	William Harper Lance Smith Jack Mussett Rollo Hayman Byron Hove* Kayisa Ndiweni* Denis Walker	1965−1968 1968−1974 1974−1977 1977−1978 1978 1978−1979 1979	^[7]^[24]
Minister of Justice and Law and Order	Desmond Lardner-Burke Hilary Squires Byron Hove* Francis Zindonga*	1965−1976 1976−1979 1978 1978−1979	^[7]^[12]^[25]^[26]
Minister of Labour and Social Welfare	Ian Finlay McLean Rowan Cronjé	1965−1966 1966−1977	^[20]
Minister of Lands	Phillip van Heerden Mark Partridge Arthur Philip Smith Jack Mussett Aaron Mgutshini*	1965−1973 1973−1977 1977 1977−1979 1978−1979	^[7]^[10]^[15]^[27]
Minister of Local Government and Housing	Jack Mussett Mark Partridge William Irvine Rollo Hayman William Irvine Kayisa Ndiweni* James Chikerema* Denis Walker	1965−1966 1966−1973 1973−1977 1977−1978 1978−1979 1978 1978−1979 1979	^[5]^[7]^[15]^[17]^[28]
Minister of Manpower and Social Affairs	Rowan Cronjé Gibson Magaramombe*	1977−1979 1978−1979	^[16]^[29]
Minister of Mines	Phillip van Heerden Ian Dillon Jack Mussett William Irvine James Chikerema*	1965−1969 1969−1977 1977−1978 1978−1979 1978−1979	^[7]^[15]^[30]
Minister of Natural Resources	The 7th Duke of Montrose Phillip van Heerden Mark Partridge Arthur Philip Smith Jack Mussett Aaron Mgutshini*	1965−1966 1966−1973 1973−1977 1977 1977−1979 1978−1979	^[7]^[10]^[15]^[27]
Minister of Posts	John Wrathall Roger Hawkins Archibald Wilson William Irvine James Chikerema*	1965−1973 1973−1977 1977−1978 1978−1979 1978−1979	^[7]^[12]^[15]
Minister of Public Service	William Harper Jack Howman Reginald Cowper P. K. van der Byl Hilary Squires Byron Hove* Francis Zindonga*	1965−1968 1968−1975 1975−1976 1976−1978 1978−1979 1978 1978−1979	^[28]
Minister of Roads and Road Traffic	George Rudland Andrew Dunlop Roger Hawkins Archibald Wilson William Irvine James Chikerema*	1965−1966 1966−1970 1970−1977 1977−1978 1978−1979 1978−1979	^[5]^[7]^[8]^[12]^[15]^[28]
Minister of Transport and Power	George Rudland Andrew Dunlop Roger Hawkins Archibald Wilson William Irvine James Chikerema*	1965−1966 1966−1970 1970−1977 1977−1978 1978−1979 1978−1979	^[5]^[8]^[10]^[11]^[12]
Minister of Water Development	Phillip van Heerden Mark Partridge Jack Mussett Aaron Mgutshini*	1965−1973 1973−1977 1977−1979 1978−1979	^[7]^[15]^[31]
Minister of Development for Mashonaland	Jeremiah Chirau Tafirenyika Mangwende	1976−1978 1976−1978	^[12]^[32]^[33]
Minister of Development for Matabeleland	Zefania Charumbira Kayisa Ndiweni	1976−1978 1976−1978	^[12]^[32]^[33]
Minister without Portfolio	Andrew Dunlop Lance Smith George Rudland Phillip van Heerden	1965 1965 1968−c.1972 1973−c.1977	^[27]^[33]
*Co-ministers. As part of the 1978 Internal Settlement, blacks were appointed as co-ministers to cabinet positions in Rhodesia's transitional government.

Related Research Articles

Rhodesia, officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was the de facto successor state to the British colony of Southern Rhodesia, which had been self-governing since achieving responsible government in 1923. A landlocked nation, Rhodesia was bordered by South Africa to the south, Bechuanaland to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest, and Mozambique to the east. From 1965 to 1979, Rhodesia was one of two independent states on the African continent governed by a white minority of European descent and culture, the other being South Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ian Smith</span> Prime Minister of Rhodesia (1919–2007) in office from 1964 to 1979

Ian Douglas Smith was a Rhodesian politician, farmer, and fighter pilot who served as Prime Minister of Rhodesia from 1964 to 1979. He was the country's first premier not born abroad, and led the predominantly white government that unilaterally declared independence from the United Kingdom in November 1965 following prolonged dispute over the terms, particularly British demands for black majority rule. He remained Prime Minister for almost all of the 14 years of international isolation that followed, and oversaw Rhodesia's security forces during most of the Bush War, which pitted the unrecognised white administration against communist-backed black nationalist guerrilla movements. Smith, who has been described as personifying white Rhodesia, remains a highly controversial figure.

Zimbabwe Rhodesia, alternatively known as Zimbabwe-Rhodesia, also informally known as Zimbabwe or Rhodesia, was a short-lived sovereign state that existed from 1 June 1979 to 18 April 1980, though lacked international recognition. Zimbabwe Rhodesia was preceded by another state named the Republic of Rhodesia and was briefly under a British-supervised transitional government sometimes referred to as a reestablished Southern Rhodesia, which according to British constitutional theory had remained the lawful government in the area after Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in 1965. About three months later, the re-established colony of Southern Rhodesia was granted internationally-recognized independence within the Commonwealth as the Republic of Zimbabwe.

Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) was a statement adopted by the Cabinet of Rhodesia on 11 November 1965, announcing that Southern Rhodesia or simply Rhodesia, a British territory in southern Africa that had governed itself since 1923, now regarded itself as an independent sovereign state. The culmination of a protracted dispute between the British and Rhodesian governments regarding the terms under which the latter could become fully independent, it was the first unilateral break from the United Kingdom by one of its colonies since the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776. The UK, the Commonwealth and the United Nations all deemed Rhodesia's UDI illegal, and economic sanctions, the first in the UN's history, were imposed on the breakaway colony. Amid near-complete international isolation, Rhodesia continued as an unrecognised state with the assistance of South Africa and Portugal.

Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa, also commonly referred to as Bishop Muzorewa, was a Zimbabwean bishop and politician who served as the first and only Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Rhodesia from the Internal Settlement to the Lancaster House Agreement in 1979. A United Methodist Church bishop and nationalist leader, he held office for only a few months.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhodesian Bush War</span> 1964–1979 conflict in Southern Africa

The Rhodesian Bush War, also called the Second Chimurenga as well as the Zimbabwe War of Independence, was a civil conflict from July 1964 to December 1979 in the unrecognised country of Rhodesia.

The Internal Settlement was an agreement which was signed on 3 March 1978 between Prime Minister of Rhodesia Ian Smith and the moderate African nationalist leaders comprising Bishop Abel Muzorewa, Ndabaningi Sithole and Senator Chief Jeremiah Chirau. After almost 15 years of the Rhodesian Bush War, and under pressure from the sanctions placed on Rhodesia by the international community, and political pressure from South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States, the Rhodesian government met with some of the internally based moderate African nationalist leaders in order to reach an agreement on the political future for the country.

The following lists events that happened during 1974 in Rhodesia.

The history of Rhodesia from 1965 to 1979 covers Rhodesia's time as a state unrecognised by the international community following the predominantly white minority government's Unilateral Declaration of Independence on 11 November 1965. Headed by Prime Minister Ian Smith, the Rhodesian Front remained in government until 1 June 1979, when the country was reconstituted as Zimbabwe Rhodesia.

Foreign relations exist between Australia and Zimbabwe. Both countries have full embassy level diplomatic relations. Australia currently maintains an embassy in Harare, and Zimbabwe maintains an embassy in Canberra.

The modern political history of Zimbabwe starts with the arrival of white people to what was dubbed Southern Rhodesia in the 1890s. The country was initially run by an administrator appointed by the British South Africa Company. The prime ministerial role was first created in October 1923, when the country achieved responsible government, with Sir Charles Coghlan as its first Premier. The third Premier, George Mitchell, renamed the post Prime Minister in 1933.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roger Hawkins (politician)</span>

Roger Tancred Robert Hawkins was a Rhodesian politician and member of Ian Smith’s cabinet in the years following Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence. He was one of the founder members of the Rhodesian Front.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rowan Cronjé</span> Rhodesian politician (1937-2014)

Rowan Cronjé was a Rhodesian politician who served in the cabinet under prime ministers Ian Smith and Abel Muzorewa, and was later a Zimbabwean MP. He emigrated to South Africa in 1985 and served in the government of Bophuthatswana.

Queen of Rhodesia was the title asserted for Elizabeth II as Rhodesia's constitutional head of state following the country's Unilateral Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom. However, the position only existed under the Rhodesian constitution of 1965 and remained unrecognised elsewhere in the world. The British government, along with the United Nations and almost all governments, regarded the declaration of independence as an illegal act and nowhere else was the existence of the British monarch having separate status in Rhodesia accepted. With Rhodesia becoming a republic in 1970, the status or existence of the office ceased to be contestable.

George Rollo Hayman was a Rhodesian farmer and politician. A member of the House of Assembly, he served in several portfolios as a member of the Cabinet of Rhodesia under Prime Minister Ian Smith. Born in the United Kingdom, he moved to Southern Rhodesia at age four and served as a Royal Air Force pilot in World War II.

David Colville Smith was a farmer and politician in Rhodesia and its successor states, Zimbabwe Rhodesia and Zimbabwe. He served in the cabinet of Rhodesia as Minister of Agriculture from 1968 to 1976, Minister of Finance from 1976 to 1979, and Minister of Commerce and Industry from 1978 to 1979. From 1976 to 1979, he also served Deputy Prime Minister of Rhodesia. He continued to serve as Minister of Finance in the government of Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979. In 1980, he was appointed Minister of Trade and Commerce of the newly independent Zimbabwe, one of two whites included in the cabinet of Prime Minister Robert Mugabe.

Ernest Leonard Bulle was an academic and politician who served as a minister in the governments of Rhodesia and Zimbabwe Rhodesia. He served in the cabinet of Rhodesia as joint Minister of Finance and Minister of Commerce and Industry alongside David Smith from 1978 to 1979 as part of the country's Internal Settlement. He continued as commerce minister in the government of Zimbabwe Rhodesia between June and December 1979. First elected to parliament in the 1979 Zimbabwe Rhodesia general election, he stood unsuccessfully in the 1980 general election, which set the membership of the first parliament of the independent Zimbabwe. Bulle was a member of the United African National Council and served as the party's second vice-president.

The Rhodesian Independence Bell, or Rhodesian Liberty Bell, is a replica of the American Liberty Bell which was used in Rhodesia to commemorate their Unilateral Declaration of Independence. It weighed 250 pounds (110 kg) and was made in 1966 in the Netherlands and was last rung in 1978.

Andre Sothern Holland, born to Douglas and Eva Holland, was a Farmer and Politician in Southern Rhodesia in the 1970s and 1980s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhodesia Information Centre</span> Unofficial representative office in Australia (1966–1980)

The Rhodesia Information Centre (RIC), also known as the Rhodesian Information Centre, the Rhodesia Information Service, the Flame Lily Centre and the Zimbabwe Information Centre, represented the Rhodesian government in Australia from 1966 to 1980. As Australia did not recognise Rhodesia's independence it operated on an unofficial basis.

References

↑ "First President Named In Rhodesian Republic". The New York Times . 1970-04-15. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
1 2 3 "Rhodesia Names a Member Of Cabinet as President". The New York Times . 1975-12-12. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
↑ Cowell, Alan (2007-11-21). "Ian Smith, Defiant Symbol of White Rule in Africa, Is Dead at 88". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2018-03-10.
↑ Dzimba, John (1998). South Africa's Destabilisation of Zimbabwe, 1980-89. London: Macmillan. p. 47. ISBN 9781349403080.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Rhodesian Regime Shuffles Cabinet" (PDF). The New York Times . 1966-01-01. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
↑ Burns, John F. (1978-03-22). "Three Rhodesian Blacks Sworn In To Share Leadership With Smith". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2018-03-11.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 The International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's who. Burke's Peerage Limited. 1979. p. 520.
1 2 3 4 Wood, J. R. T. (2012). A Matter of Weeks Rather Than Months: The Impasse Between Harold Wilson and Ian Smith Sanctions, Aborted Settlements and War 1965–1969. Trafford Publishing. p. 131. ISBN 9781466934108.
↑ "Obituary - David Smith: Tireless worker for his country". Bundu Times. August–September 1996.
1 2 3 4 5 "Rhodesia Cabinet Shuffled; Security Post Created". The New York Times . 1977-03-11. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
1 2 Burns, John F. (1979-02-14). "Rhodesian Ministers, at Crash Site, Pledge Revenge". The New York Times . Retrieved 2018-03-04.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "New Rhodesian Cabinet is Completed by Smith". The New York Times . 1978-04-13. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
↑ The Central and East African Directory. 1976. p. 1.
1 2 "Rhodesian Official Quits Cabinet in Rift On Apartheid Plan" (PDF). The New York Times . 1968-09-12. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's who. Burke's Peerage Limited. 1978. p. 517.
1 2 3 4 Facts and Reports. Holland Committee on Southern Africa. 1978.
1 2 Burns, John F. (1978-04-20). "Rhodesia's Month‐Old Transitional Regime Is Showing Signs of Strain". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2018-03-09.
↑ Burns, John F. (1979-05-31). "Muzorewa Names a Cabinet, Reserving Key Roles for Himself and Smith". The New York Times . Retrieved 2018-03-04.
↑ "Plumtree School - Jack Howman Biography". oldprunitian.rhodesiana.com. Retrieved 2018-03-05.
1 2 Steinberg, S. (2016-12-26). The Statesman's Year-Book 1965-66: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations. Springer. ISBN 9780230270947.
↑ "Backer of African Detente Quits Rhodesian Cabinet". The New York Times . 1975-10-31. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
↑ Brownell, Josiah (2011). Collapse of Rhodesia: Population Demographics and the Politics of Race. London: I.B.Tauris & Co. pp. 118–123. ISBN 9781848854758.
↑ "2 Rhodesian Papers Are Suing Minister" (PDF). The New York Times . 1967-06-13. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
↑ Fellows, Lawrence (1968-07-05). "Rhodesia Ousts a Rightist in Cabinet" (PDF). The New York Times . Retrieved 2018-03-04.
↑ "Rhodesia Minister Sworn In". The New York Times . 1976-02-01. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
↑ "Black Justice Minister Dismissed By Rhodesia's Transition Regime". The New York Times . 1978-04-29. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
1 2 3 Board, Southern Rhodesia Natural Resources (1973). Annual Report of the Natural Resources Board for the Year Ended ...
1 2 3 Countries of the World and Their Leaders. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of State. 1975. p. 888. ISBN 9780810310469.
↑ Brownell, Josiah (2011). The Collapse of Rhodesia: Population Demographics and the Politics of Race (PDF). London: I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84885-475-8.
↑ Mining in Rhodesia. Thomson Newspapers. 1977. p. 30.
↑ Zvobgo, Chengetai J. M. (2009-10-02). A History of Zimbabwe, 1890–2000 and Postscript, Zimbabwe, 2001–2008. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 171. ISBN 9781443815994.
1 2 "4 Black Cabinet Ministers Take the Oath in Rhodesia". The New York Times. 1976-04-29. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2018-03-11.
1 2 3 Countries of the World and Their Leaders. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 1977. p. 56. ISBN 9780810310384.

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[1] "First President Named In Rhodesian Republic". The New York Times . 1970-04-15. Retrieved 2018-03-04.

[:0-2] 1 2 3 "Rhodesia Names a Member Of Cabinet as President". The New York Times . 1975-12-12. Retrieved 2018-03-04.

[3] Cowell, Alan (2007-11-21). "Ian Smith, Defiant Symbol of White Rule in Africa, Is Dead at 88". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2018-03-10.

[4] Dzimba, John (1998). South Africa's Destabilisation of Zimbabwe, 1980-89. London: Macmillan. p. 47. ISBN 9781349403080.

[:2-5] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Rhodesian Regime Shuffles Cabinet" (PDF). The New York Times . 1966-01-01. Retrieved 2018-03-04.

[6] Burns, John F. (1978-03-22). "Three Rhodesian Blacks Sworn In To Share Leadership With Smith". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2018-03-11.

[:3-7] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 The International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's who. Burke's Peerage Limited. 1979. p. 520.

[:4-8] 1 2 3 4 Wood, J. R. T. (2012). A Matter of Weeks Rather Than Months: The Impasse Between Harold Wilson and Ian Smith Sanctions, Aborted Settlements and War 1965–1969. Trafford Publishing. p. 131. ISBN 9781466934108.

[9] "Obituary - David Smith: Tireless worker for his country". Bundu Times. August–September 1996.

[:5-10] 1 2 3 4 5 "Rhodesia Cabinet Shuffled; Security Post Created". The New York Times . 1977-03-11. Retrieved 2018-03-04.

[:6-11] 1 2 Burns, John F. (1979-02-14). "Rhodesian Ministers, at Crash Site, Pledge Revenge". The New York Times . Retrieved 2018-03-04.

[:7-12] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "New Rhodesian Cabinet is Completed by Smith". The New York Times . 1978-04-13. Retrieved 2018-03-04.

[13] The Central and East African Directory. 1976. p. 1.

[:8-14] 1 2 "Rhodesian Official Quits Cabinet in Rift On Apartheid Plan" (PDF). The New York Times . 1968-09-12. Retrieved 2018-03-04.

[:9-15] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's who. Burke's Peerage Limited. 1978. p. 517.

[:10-16] 1 2 3 4 Facts and Reports. Holland Committee on Southern Africa. 1978.

[:11-17] 1 2 Burns, John F. (1978-04-20). "Rhodesia's Month‐Old Transitional Regime Is Showing Signs of Strain". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2018-03-09.

[18] Burns, John F. (1979-05-31). "Muzorewa Names a Cabinet, Reserving Key Roles for Himself and Smith". The New York Times . Retrieved 2018-03-04.

[19] "Plumtree School - Jack Howman Biography". oldprunitian.rhodesiana.com. Retrieved 2018-03-05.

[:12-20] 1 2 Steinberg, S. (2016-12-26). The Statesman's Year-Book 1965-66: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations. Springer. ISBN 9780230270947.

[21] "Backer of African Detente Quits Rhodesian Cabinet". The New York Times . 1975-10-31. Retrieved 2018-03-04.

[22] Brownell, Josiah (2011). Collapse of Rhodesia: Population Demographics and the Politics of Race. London: I.B.Tauris & Co. pp. 118–123. ISBN 9781848854758.

[23] "2 Rhodesian Papers Are Suing Minister" (PDF). The New York Times . 1967-06-13. Retrieved 2018-03-04.

[24] Fellows, Lawrence (1968-07-05). "Rhodesia Ousts a Rightist in Cabinet" (PDF). The New York Times . Retrieved 2018-03-04.

[25] "Rhodesia Minister Sworn In". The New York Times . 1976-02-01. Retrieved 2018-03-04.

[26] "Black Justice Minister Dismissed By Rhodesia's Transition Regime". The New York Times . 1978-04-29. Retrieved 2018-03-04.

[:13-27] 1 2 3 Board, Southern Rhodesia Natural Resources (1973). Annual Report of the Natural Resources Board for the Year Ended ...

[:14-28] 1 2 3 Countries of the World and Their Leaders. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of State. 1975. p. 888. ISBN 9780810310469.

[:1-29] Brownell, Josiah (2011). The Collapse of Rhodesia: Population Demographics and the Politics of Race (PDF). London: I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84885-475-8.

[30] Mining in Rhodesia. Thomson Newspapers. 1977. p. 30.

[31] Zvobgo, Chengetai J. M. (2009-10-02). A History of Zimbabwe, 1890–2000 and Postscript, Zimbabwe, 2001–2008. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 171. ISBN 9781443815994.

[:15-32] 1 2 "4 Black Cabinet Ministers Take the Oath in Rhodesia". The New York Times. 1976-04-29. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2018-03-11.

[:16-33] 1 2 3 Countries of the World and Their Leaders. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 1977. p. 56. ISBN 9780810310384.

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v t e Cabinets of Zimbabwe
Parliamentary system	Rhodesia Zimbabwe-Rhodesia 1980
Presidential system	2008 2009 (temp.) 2009 (GNU) 2010 (GNU) 2018 (GNU)
See also	President of Zimbabwe Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Deputy Prime Minister of Zimbabwe

Cabinet of Rhodesia

Contents

Cabinet

See also

Related Research Articles

References