Esztergom Synagogue

Esztergom Synagogue
The former synagogue in 2006
Religion
Affiliation	Judaism (former)
Rite	Nusach Ashkenaz
Ecclesiastical or organisational status	Synagogue (1888–c. 1940) Profane use (1945–1964) Cultural center (since 2006)
Status	Abandoned(as a synagogue); Repurposed
Location
Location	Galamb utca / Imaház u. 2, Esztergom
Country	Hungary
Location of the former synagogue in Hungary
Geographic coordinates	47°47′43″N18°44′34″E / 47.79531880502225°N 18.74266268490207°E / 47.79531880502225; 18.74266268490207
Architecture
Architect(s)	Lipót Baumhorn
Type	Synagogue architecture
Style	Moorish Revival
Date established	16th century (as a congregation)
Groundbreaking	1859
Completed	1888 (original use) 1964 and 2006 (renovations)
Materials	Brick
[1]

The Esztergom Synagogue is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in the town of Esztergom, Hungary. The synagogue was built in 1859, renovated in 1888, ^[2] and severely damaged by a bombing during World War II. Since almost all Jewish people in the town were deported during the Holocaust ^[3] and Communists subsequently gained control of the country, the building has not been used for religious purposes since the 1940s. ^{[4] [5] [6]}

The synagogue continued to deteriorate until 1962, when the city council bought it from the National Office of the Hungarian Israelites, according to contemporary historian, János Németh. It was later rebuilt and inaugurated as the House of Technology (Technika Háza) on September 28, 1964. ^[7] However, another source states that in 1981 it became the House of Technology after repair work was done between 1980 and 1981 that "involved a strong simplification of the exterior" and "a complete transformation of the interior." ^[8] Németh claims that many government members and skilled volunteers worked to rebuild Esztergom Synagogue between 1963 and 1964. On September 28, 1964, it was inaugurated as the House of Technology and became the home of the city's Organization of Technical and Natural Science Associations (MTESZ), which was founded on the same day. ^[7]

In 2006, it was bought by the municipality and used as a cultural center. ^[5]

History

Esztergom had been home to a large number of Jewish communities since the Árpád dynasty period. There are references to a synagogue dating from c. 1050. ^[9]

During the Reformation, Esztergom welcomed Jewish merchants and craftsmen, who built a synagogue in the town. ^[10] In 1858, another temple was erected on the site of today's synagogue in the former village of Szenttamás.

About thirty years later, a colleague of architect Ödön Lechner, Lipót Baumhorn, was commissioned to design a new synagogue; it was Baumhorn's first solo work. The synagogue was designed in the Moorish Revival style and was originally single-story with a gallery for the women of the congregation.^{[ citation needed ]} It was inaugurated in 1888 by Rabbi Ignác Weisz, of Esztergom, and Rabbi Immánuel Lőw, of Szeged. ^[2] During World War II, the synagogue was bombed and badly damaged. Approximately five hundred Jewish people were deported, and there has not been a significant community in the city since. The name Imaház utca(lit. "Meetinghouse street") is a reminder of the original purpose of the building. ^[5]

János Németh, an historian, stated that the synagogue continued to deteriorate until 1962, when the city council bought it from the National Office of the Hungarian Israelites. It was subsequently rebuilt and inaugurated as the House of Technology on September 28, 1964. ^[7] Multiple parts of the government and skilled volunteers worked to rebuild it between 1963 and 1964, and on September 28, 1964, it was inaugurated as the House of Technology (Hungarian Technika Háza), and became the home of the city's Organization of Technical and Natural Science Associations (MTESZ), which was founded on the same day. ^[7]

Over the next few years, the organization continuously renovated and completely restructured the space to be able to hold conferences and lectures. It created lecture rooms, interpreting booths, rooms suitable for receptions, and district heating has been introduced. In 1996, the roof and dome shells were renovated.^{[ citation needed ]}

Several prestigious events took place between the walls of the synagogue. Politicians often gave lectures here on their tours.^{[ citation needed ]} In 2006, the municipality bought the House of Technology for 70 million HUF. After that, the office of the Ister-Granum Euroregion operated there for a short time, until in 2008 it moved to the building of the County Hall of Bottyán János Street. ^{[11] [ better source needed ]}

In 2014, Hungary's Neo-Nazi political party booked the synagogue for a political rally. ^[12] Citizens of Esztergom were enraged at the disrespect towards the Jewish community and asked the government to cancel the event. ^[13]

Description

The two-storey former synagogue building is 1,216 m² (13,090 sq ft) high^{[ clarification needed ]} and contains two tower units that jut out from both sides of the façade. These are connected by a triple-arched, arcade foyer. The original 1888 marble staircase leads to a conference room upstairs with interpreting booths.

The Martyr Monument in front of the building was erected in 1985 according to the plans of István Martsa. The original 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) bronze work was made for the monument competition in Mauthausen and was placed in the Hungarian barracks of the Auschwitz camp museum. Its pedestal is a bonfire made of railway sleepers. A plaque commemorates the abductees on the wall of the building. ^[14]

See also

• Hungary portal
• Judaism portal

• History of the Jews in Hungary
• List of synagogues in Hungary

References

1. "Synagogue in Esztergom". Historic synagogues of Europe. Foundation for Jewish Heritage and the Center for Jewish Art at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. n.d. Retrieved July 13, 2024.
2. "The Jewish Community of Esztergom | BH Open Databases". Museum of The Jewish People - Beit Hatfutsot:'בית התפוצות - מוזיאון העם היהודי'. Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
3. "funiQ".
4. "Esztergomi zsinagóga - Esztergom - Esztergomi zsinagóga, Esztergom, Komárom_Esztergom, Közép_Dunántúl". utisugo.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved April 21, 2020.
5. "Esztergom: Volt zsinagóga épülete". www.esztergom.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved April 21, 2020.
6. "Esztergom: Egy mór stílusú zsinagóga legendája". www.esztergom.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved April 21, 2020.
7. "Esztergom: A tudomány nevében". www.esztergom.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved April 22, 2020.
8. "Zsinagóga (Technika háza), Esztergom". www.muemlekem.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved April 22, 2020.
9. Patai, Raphael (1996). The Jews of Hungary: History, Culture, Psychology. Wayne State University Press. ISBN   978-0-8143-2561-2.
10. "Hungary's Jobbik party holds rally in ex-synagogue". BBC News . February 14, 2014. Retrieved July 14, 2024.
11. "county hall of bottyán street - Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved April 10, 2020.
12. Kovács, Zoltán (January 30, 2014). "Jobbik books synagogue for Valentine's day political rally". Budapest Beacon. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
13. "Antisemitic Jobbik party rally at former synagogue". The Jewish Chronicle . February 13, 2014. Retrieved July 14, 2024.
14. Myers, Richard S.; Varacalli, Joseph A. (2007). Encyclopedia of Catholic Social Thought, Social Science, and Social Policy: Supplement. Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-8266-9 – via Google Books.

Further reading

• "Az esztergomi zsinagóga újjáéledése" [The revival of the Esztergom synagogue]. Építészfórum [Architects' Forum]. (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on August 28, 2011.
• Pifkó, Péter; Zachar, Anna. Esztergom helytörténeti kronológiája a kezdetektől 1950-ig[The local history chronology of Esztergom from the beginning to 1950] (in Hungarian).
• Komárom-Esztergom megye műemlékjegyzéke[List of monuments of Komárom-Esztergom county] (in Hungarian). 2006.
• Esztergom 2000 enciklopédia
• Annales Strigonienses 1994, 145. o.

External links

Media related to Esztergom Synagogue at Wikimedia Commons