The Euthalian Apparatus is a collection of additional editorial material, such as divisions of text, lists, and summaries, to the New Testament's Book of Acts, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles. This additional material appears at the beginnings of books, in the margin of the text, and at the ends of books, as well as in line and paragraph separations. This material is traditionally associated with the name of Euthalius.
Euthalius divided the text of the Acts and catholic epistles into chapters, with a summary of contents at the top of each chapter. To Euthalius were also referred a division of the Acts into 16 αναγνωσεις (lessons) and of the Pauline epistles into 31 sections. But these lessons are quite different. [1] [ clarification needed ] Euthalius prepared also the text of the Acts and Epistles in which text is written stichometrically. [2]
To the Euthalian Apparatus belong: a chronology of the Apostle Paul, the martyrdom of Paul, a list of places at which the Epistles were thought to be written, and the names associated with Paul in the headings to the Epistles. [3] The quotations from the Old Testament cited in the Pauline epistles are numbered and catalogued in a list. [2] Overall, the Apparatus is a collection of varied aids for the reader. [3]
The Euthalian Apparatus is contained in numerous manuscripts: Codex Mutinensis, Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2, Codex Argenteus, Minuscule 3, 5, 6, 35, 38, and many other medieval manuscripts of the New Testament.
The Euthalian apparatus has variously been dated to between the 4th and 7th centuries. [4]
James Marchand argued that the Euthalian apparatus probably dated to the first half of the 4th century, arguing that the original must precede its incorporation into Gothic, Armenian, and Syriac translations. [4]
The Greek texts do not include the Euthalian apparatus until relatively late, but Armenian and Syriac texts incorporated it by the late 5th or early 6th century, with Gothic texts including it by the early/mid 6th century. [4] The Greek Codex Coislinianus includes it in the 6th century. James Marchand argued that either Wulfila/Ulfilas had incorporated the Euthalian matter into the Gothic text in the mid 4th century, or Sunnia and Frethela had done so in the early 5th century, with Wulfila/Ulfilas being more likely. [4]
The authorship usually is attributed to one Euthalius. He was identified as Bishop of Sulci in Sardinia, but according to Tregelles he was a Bishop of Sulca in Egypt. [5] According to Wake and L. A. Zacagni Euthalius was a Bishop of Sulce, near Syene. [6]
It was suggested[ by whom? ] that the name of the real author of the Apparatus was Evagrius. According to John Mill it was Theodore of Mopsuestia. [2] [7] Hermann von Soden thought, that Euthalius lived in the 7th century, possibly in Antioch. [8]
Bruce M. Metzger stated: "How much of this supplementary material was drawn up by Euthalius and how much was added later is not known." [3]
Codex Mutinensis designated by Ha or 014, α 6, is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Acts of Apostles, dated paleographically to the 9th century. The codex contains 43 parchment leaves.
Codex Angelicus designated by Lap or 020, α 5, is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th century. Formerly it was known as Codex Passionei.
Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2, known as Minuscule 1, δ 254, and formerly designated by 1eap to distinguish it from minuscule 1rK is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the entire New Testament, apart from the Book of Revelation. Using the study of comparative writings styles (palaeography), it is usually dated to the 12th century CE.
Minuscule 33, δ 48 (Soden), before the French Revolution was called Codex Colbertinus 2844. It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia. According to the textual critics it is one of the best minuscule manuscripts of the New Testament.
Minuscule 5, δ 453, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 342 parchment leaves. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the 13th century.
Minuscule 51, δ 364, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. Formerly it was labelled by 51e for the Gospels, 32a for the Acts, and 38p for the Pauline epistles. It has marginalia.
Minuscule 189, α 269 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. It has marginalia.
Minuscule 242, δ 206 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.
Minuscule 330, δ 259 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has marginalia. The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type.
Minuscule 363, δ 455 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. It was adapted for liturgical use.
Minuscule 431, δ 268, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has marginalia. It is known as Codex Molsheimensis.
Minuscule 450, α 63, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. Formerly it was labelled by 78a and 89p. The manuscript is lacunose.
Minuscule 479, δ 2491, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. Scrivener labelled it by number 542. It was adapted for liturgical use. Marginalia are not complete.
Minuscule 498, δ 402, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th-century. Scrivener labelled it by number 584. The manuscript is lacunose.
Minuscule 547, δ 157, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. Scrivener labelled it by number 534.
Minuscule 614, α 364, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose. Tischendorf labelled it by 137a and 176p.
Minuscule 623, α 173, is a Greek diglot minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1037. The manuscript is lacunose. Tischendorf labeled it by 156a and 190p.
Minuscule 638, α 188, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically to the 11th century. The manuscript is lacunose. Scrivener labelled it by 191a and 245p.
Minuscule 665, α 354, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose. Gregory labelled it by 222a and 277p. Scrivener labelled it by 213a and 251p.
Minuscule 901, δ 162, is an 11th-century Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment. It has marginalia. The manuscript has survived in its complete form.